Inquizitive Chapter 5
Historically, race relations in the United States have been primarily centered on white and black relations. Place the major events in this narrative in order from the first to the most recent account.
"Whiteness" is defined in a public document. The Emancipation Proclamation declares slavery illegal. The Ku Klux Klan is founded. The Supreme Court overturns the legal prohibition of interracial marriage.
Identify each statement as a primary concern, or not, in the events that occurred in Charlottesville, Virginia, in August 2017.
A Primary Concern White nationalists are marching more often and asserting more presence in U.S. public life. Americans disagree about whether Confederate symbols should appear in public spaces. Not a Primary Concern Beginning with the 2000 census, "Hispanic/Latino/Spanish" was separated from race in the U.S. Census. Anti-black and anti-Haitian sentiments continue to negatively impact people's lives in the Dominican Republic.
Low-income and minority communities are often subject to racial discrimination at the hands of local government policies and actions. However, in recent years, communities are fighting back and winning battles to protect and improve their neighborhoods. Identify the ways in which communities can be politically active for their own benefit.
Beneficial Way Communities Can Be Politically Active organize protests engage with public planning process create community associations Not a Beneficial Way for Communities to Be Politically Active refuse to cooperate with local government
This cartoon, published in 1903 in the magazine Judge, shows anti-immigration sentiment in the United States at the time. Identify the concepts exhibited in the cartoon.
Concept Exhibited in the Cartoon nativism racism Not a Concept Exhibited in the Cartoon miscegenation colonialism
Chinese immigrants first arrived in the United States in large numbers during the 1850s. Identify the ways those in the initial wave of Chinese immigrants experienced racial prejudices.
Correct Answer(s) They were called derogatory names. They had no legal standing in court. Incorrect Answer(s) They were stereotyped as better at math. They were not allowed to have jobs.
Identify the statements that best define the rule of hypodescent.
Defines the Rule of Hypodescent that children of "mixed" marriages are automatically assigned to the "lower" racial category that someone with any black ancestor is considered black Does Not Define the Rule of Hypodescent that children of "mixed" marriages are automatically assigned the "higher" racial category that someone with "one drop" of white blood is considered white
Although the Dominican Republic and Haiti are two halves of the same island in the Caribbean, conceptions of race have historically been very different in each country, beginning with the landing of Christopher Columbus in 1492. These conceptions of race have influenced economic and other life opportunities that are available to individuals depending on which side of the island they were born. Identify whether the following statements apply to the Dominican Republic or Haiti.
Describes the Dominican Republic This country participates actively in global economic trade, exporting various goods and increasing tourism revenues. The majority of this country's population identify as Hispanic and speak Spanish. Describes Haiti The majority of this country's population identify as African and speak Creole. People emigrate from this country to the other side of the island where they work in low-wage jobs and endure racial discrimination.
Racism manifests itself in society in various ways. Identify the following as examples of individual or institutional racism.
Example of Individual Racism A white woman protects her wallet when a black man sits next to her. A white man shouts, "I hate blacks" and kills a black man. Example of Institutional Racism New York City public schools with mainly minority students receive less funding than suburban public schools with mainly white students. The Plessy v. Ferguson court case ruled that segregation was legal.
Racialization is the process of categorizing and attributing supposedly racial qualities to people based on perceived characteristics. Identify the examples of racialization.
Example of Racialization European immigrants in the United States calling the Chinese immigrants "Yellow Peril" the creation of the category "Middle Eastern" as a race in the United States Not an Example of Racialization the court dismissal of a Chinese man as a reliable eyewitness due to his race the use of microaggressions against minorities
Intersectionality studies the intersection of various factors that shape an individual's access to opportunities as well as societal patterns of stratification. Identify the major factors that are part of intersectionality.
Factor Considered in Intersectionality Studies race gender class Not a Factor Considered in Intersectionality Studies age
In her study of ad agencies, Shalini Shankar found that advertisers emphasize differences among the many different Asian groups in order to have more niche markets.
False
White supremacy refers to the belief that whites are biologically different and superior to people of other races. Identify which of the following practices have been enforced legally in the United States.
Has Been Legally Enforced in the United States counting slaves as fractions of people denial of interracial marriage segregation Has Not Been Legally Enforced in the United States microaggressions
Anthropologist JB Kwon has researched factory workers in South Korea, and joined his students in anti-racist work during and after the police killing of Michael Brown. How does Kwon explain what these two fieldwork settings have in common?
In both settings, people protested injustice.
Anthropologist JB Kwon studies racial dynamics and race relations and attended recent demonstrations in Ferguson, Missouri, to better understand the dynamics at work. Identify the main forces that Kwon suggests led to the events in Ferguson, Missouri.
Main Force Behind Events in Ferguson, Missouri institutional racism segregation Not a Main Force Behind Events in Ferguson, Missouri nativism individual racism
White privilege refers to the benefits and opportunities that whites enjoy based solely on their skin color and perceived race. What does anthropologist Jane Gibson's study of low-income whites in Florida suggest about white privilege?
Not all whites experience equal amounts of white privilege
Racial tensions in the United States have often come to a head in the Supreme Court over racial segregation in educational institutions, as shown in the image. Match each description to the court case it describes.
Plessy v. Ferguson took place in 1896 ruled that state-sponsored segregation in public schools was legal Brown v. Board of Education took place in 1954 ruled that state-sponsored segregation in public schools was illegal
When they first immigrated to the United States in the nineteenth century, Irish, Italian, and eastern European immigrants were seen as inferior and not "white." Today, these European groups are seen as white. Identify the possible ways that some people could move into a "higher" racial category.
Possible Way to Move to a Higher Racial Category moving upward in social class marrying someone of a "higher" race Not a Possible Way to Move to a Higher Racial Category marrying someone of the same race changing legal definitions of race
Identify whether or not these reasons are why it is impossible to distinguish clear genetic boundaries between one human population and another.
Reason Humans have been exchanging genetic material for 200,000 years. Humans are 99.9 percent genetically the same. Human variation changes gradually in a geographic continuum. Not a Reason Human genes are incredibly diverse, varying from person to person.
Identify possible reasons why it is difficult for people in the United States to acknowledge the continuing existence of racism.
Reason Why It Is Difficult Color blindness is seen as a solution to racism in the United States. People believe that mainstream U.S. society is a meritocracy. Not a Reason Why It Is Difficult U.S. laws are enforced equally regardless of race. There is no longer institutional racism in the United States.
A person's genetic makeup cannot be determined simply by phenotype (physical traits). Identify the reasons why racial stereotypes like "White Men Can't Jump" or "Asians Are Better at Math" do not have any biological basis.
Reason Why Racial Stereotypes Have No Biological Basis Genes that influence physical traits are not linked to any other genes. Genes that influence traits like intelligence and artistic abilities do not respond quickly to environmental pressures. Not a Reason Why Racial Stereotypes Have No Biological Basis Genes that influence physical traits change at a much slower rate than genes that influence other traits. Genes that influence both physical and other traits are directly correlated.
A racial ideology is a set of ideas about race that justify and normalize discriminatory actions. Identify the situations shaped by racial ideologies.
Shaped by Racial Ideologies European settlers' beliefs that they had the right to "civilize" the American West white colonists' beliefs that slavery was natural Not Shaped by Racial Ideologies police officers' beliefs that they could cut off poor whites' livelihood in Florida upper-class Dominicans' beliefs that they are black
Racial systems were challenged in the postcolonial period through a variety of movements. Match each type of movement to the country or countries where it took place.
South Africa - anti-apartheid movement New York, NY - civil rights movement Haiti/Dominican Republic - national liberation movement
The U.S. Census has been taken every ten years since 1790. Tracing the evolution of racial categories on the U.S. Census helps to understand changing views on racial identity in the United States. Place the census descriptions in order from first to most recent.
The U.S. Census contained three racial categories, and people could not choose their race. The U.S. Census contained five racial categories, including Chinese and Indian. The U.S. Census contained eight racial categories, including Hindu, a religion. The U.S. Census contained fourteen racial categories, including Hispanic.
Of the many social factors that influence situations, intersectionality focuses particularly on three: race, gender, and class.
True
The first example of the term white can be traced to a public document written in Virginia in 1691. Identify the major ways in which white privilege was subsequently invented and reinforced in Virginia in the 1700s.
Way White Privilege Was Invented Whites were counted as whole people in censuses. Whites were given more legal privileges. Not a Way White Privilege Was Invented Whites usually earned more money than blacks. Whites were given financial assistance from the government.
Identify the anthropological research question that most clearly takes an intersectional approach to race.
Why do middle-class African Americans experience racial discrimination, despite their class status?
Identify the best definition of racism.
institutional patterns and policies as well as individuals' thoughts and actions that create or reproduce unequal access to power, privilege, resources, and opportunities based on race
Many anthropologists and other social scientists study and analyze racial relations in the United States in order to work against racism that continues today. Match each study with the correct description.
investigates the experiences of African Americans who face racial discrimination despite their higher social class Living with Racism: The Black Middle-Class Experience (1994) lists and describes various ways whites receive preferential treatment throughout all aspects of life "White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack" (1989) chronicles an African American community's organized resistance of racially discriminating policies Black Corona (1998) critiques the current U.S. call for color-blindness and suggests that it perpetuates racial inequality Racism without Racists (2010)
In the Dominican Republic, the government as well as many Dominicans enforce and express anti-Haitian and anti-black sentiments. However, there are certain groups that identify more closely with black Haitians. Identify this group of Dominicans and a way in which they do so.
lower-class Dominicans, by playing bachata music
--- is the process of categorizing, differentiating, and attributing a particular racial character to a person or group of people.
racialization
Beginning in the 1400s, many European countries began colonial activities to further their economic power. Identify the correct definition of colonialism.
the use of military, economic, and political power beyond a country's borders to enhance its global power
Anthropologists often use the term racisms in plural. What does this term refer to?
the variety of ways race has been constructed among people of different places
