INTB 3355 Midterm (Ch. 3, 4, & 5)

High Context

- Less verbally explicit communication - More internalized understandings of what is communicated - Multiple cross-cutting ties and intersections with others - Long-term relationships - Strong boundaries - insider/outsider - Knowledge is situational, relational - Decisions and activities focus around personal face-to-face relationships, often around a central authority person.

Low Context

- Rule oriented, people play by external rules - More knowledge is codified, public, external, and accessible - Sequencing, separation - of time, of space, of activities, of relationships - More interpersonal connections of shorter duration - Knowledge is more often transferable - Task-centered; decisions and activities focus around what needs to be done; division of responsibilities.

Rare earths

17 elements used in defense and technology applications

Biomass

A category of fuels whose energy source is photosynthesis, through which plants transform the sun's energy into chemical energy.

Cradle to cradle design model (C2C)

A closed-loop design that recycles and reuses products.

Compound duty

A combination of specific and ad valorem duties

Aesthetics

A culture's sense of beauty and good taste

Shale

A fissile rock (capable of being split) composed of laminated layers of claylike, fine-grained sediment.

Specific duty

A fixed sum levied on a physical unit of an imported goods

Water footprint

A measure of the amount of water used in a product's manufacture and use

Carbon footprint

A measure of the volume of greenhouse gas emissions cause by a product's manufacture and use

Concentrating solar thermal power (CSP)

A system using mirrors or lenses to collect sunlight for heating water that powers an electrical generator

United Nations Global Compact

A voluntary reporting scheme for businesses that covers critical areas affecting the conduct of international business - human rights, labor, the environment, and anti-corruption efforts

Countervailing duties

Additional import taxes levied on imports that have benefited from export subsidies.

Limits

Addresses the reality that environmental resources are exhaustible.

Nontariff barriers (NTBs)

All forms of discrimination against imports other than import duties

Triple bottom line accounting (3BL)

An approach to accounting that measures the firms's social and environmental performance in addition to its economic performance

Country risk assessment (CRA)

An assessment of a country's economic situation and politics to determine how much risk to employees, property, and investment exists for the firm doing business there

Life cycle assessment (LCA)

An evaluation of the environmental aspects of a product or service throughout its life cycle

Ad valorem duty

An import duty levied as a percentage of the invoice value of imported goods

Variable levy

An important duty set at the difference between world market prices and local government-supported prices

Stakeholder theory

An understanding of how business operates that takes into account all identifiable interest holders

Cybercrime

Any illegal internet-mediated activity that takes place in electronic networks.

Natural Resources

Anything supplied by nature on which people depend

Communitarianism

Belief that the group is beneficiary of actions

Stability

Characteristic of a government that maintains itself in power and whose fiscal, monetary, and political policies are predictable and not subject to sudden, radical changes.

Instability

Characteristics of a government that cannot maintain itself in power or that makes sudden, unpredictable, or radical policy changes.

Universalist

Condition in which concepts apply to all

Particularist

Condition in which context determines what concepts apply

Cultural Paradox

Contradictions in a culture's values

D

Culture includes everything but A. Religion B. Religion and politics C. Higher education and universal values D. None of the above

E

Culture includes everything except: A. Aesthetics B. Religion C. Political Structure D. Language E. None of the above

B

Culture plays a significant role in the disciplines of: A. Marketing, but not finance. B. Leadership, accounting, finance, marketing, human resources, production. C. Marketing and human resources, but not production, finance, and accounting.

Interdependence

Describes the complex relationships that sustainable practices create among ecological, social, and economic systems, in which actions in one of these systems may affect the other two, often in ways that are not easily predicted.

Renewable Energy

Energy that comes from sources that are naturally replenished, such as sunlight, wind, and water flow.

Nonrenewable energy

Energy that comes from sources that cannot be replenished, such as the fossil fuels-petroleum, coal, and natural gas-and nuclear power.

Voluntary Export Restraints (VERs)

Export quotas imposed by the exporting nation

Subsidies

Financial contributions, provided directly or indirectly by a government, that confer a benefit, including grants, preferential tax treatment, and government assumption of normal business expenses

Orderly marketing arrangements

Formal agreements between exporting and importing countries.

B

Government seizure of the assets of a handful of companies with compensation is known as: A. Confiscation B. Expropriation C. Nationalization

Monochromic

Having to do with linear time, sequential activities

Polychromic

Having to do with simultaneous activities, multitasking

A

Immigration has a positive impact on employers, managers, workers with complementary skills, the federal government; and a negative impact on states with generous social services. A. True B. False

Global mindset

Involves an openness to diversity along with an ability to synthesize across diversity.

Specific vs Diffuse

Life divided into public and private spheres contrasted with life undifferentiated

Climate

Meteorological conditions, including temperature, precipitation, and wind, that prevail in a region.

A

Monochromic time is best illustrated by A. University scheduling patterns B. A rock concert C. High context cultures such as Arab and Asian cultures D. All the above

B

Nationalization and privatization are A. Similar trends B. Opposing trends C. Both risks faced by privately owned companies D. Both risks not encountered in capitalist democracies

Natural capital

Natural resources such as air, land, and water that provide us with the goods and services on which our survival depends.

Quotas

Numerical limits placed on specific classes of imports

Heavy oil

Oil that does not flow easily, presently sourced from oil sands and oil-bearing shale.

B

Only in communist countries do governments own the factors of production A. True B. False

Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP)

Organization that provides reporting frameworks for greenhouse gas emissions and water use

Solar photovoltaic power (PV)

Power based on the voltage created when certain materials are exposed to light.

Geothermal power

Power from heat stored in the earth

Dumping

Selling a product abroad for less than the cost of production, less than the price in the home market, or less than the price to third-party countries

Environmental Sustainability

State in which the demands placed upon the environment by people and commerce can be met without reducing the capacity of the environment to provide for future generations

Equity in distribution

Suggests that for system interdependence to work, there cannot be vast differences in the distribution of gains

Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)

Sustainability reporting framework developed among stakeholders.

Tarrifs

Taxes on imported goods for the purpose of raising their price to reduce competition for local producers or stimulate local production

Ethnocentricity

The belief that your own culture is superior to other cultures.

Context

The relevant environment

Privatization

The selling of government owned property to the private sector

Topography

The surface features of a region

Nationalization

The taking of private property by a government to make it public

Neutral vs Affective

The withholding of emotion contrasted with its expresssion

Terrorism

Unlawful acts of violence committed for a wide variety of reasons

Achievement vs Ascription

What a person does contrasted with who a person is