INTEGRATED CHEMISTRY & PHYSICS A Q&A

Which of the answer choices correctly describes properties of covalent compounds? (Select all that apply.)

-covalent compounds bonds are not broken apart when placed in water -electrons in covalent compounds are less mobile than the electrons in ionic compounds

Which is a physical change? (Select all that apply).

-curling hair with rollers -cutting cheese with knife

Examine the statement. A reaction has two reactants and two products. Which type of reactions do not fit the descriptive statement? (Select all that apply.)

-decomposition -synthesis

Which of the answer choices correctly describe a trend of valence electrons in the periodic table? (Select all that apply.)

-elements in the same group have the same number of valance electrons -when moving right across a period, the valaen

Which example best demonstrates the benefit of understanding physical properties? (Select all that apply.

-engineers can design -scientists can easily

What items are necessary to conduct a well-designed investigation? (Select all that apply.)

-experimental constants -independant and dependant variable -an experimental control group

Examine the reactants of the incomplete double-displacement reaction. 2NaCl + H2SO4 → __________. Which of the answer choices correctly predicts the product of the double-displacement reaction?

2NaCl+H2SO4 > Na2SO4+H2SO4 + 2HCl

Examine the images. Which of the images best represents the conservation of mass?

3 plus 3

Which of the following scientists performed a gold foil experiment that caused him to propose the existence of the nucleus?

ernest rutherford

In the writing of molecular formulas for covalent compounds, how is more than one atom of an element indicated?

a subscript of number of atoms is added after that element

Which of the following statements best describes p orbitals?

two lobes opposing each other

Which most likely depicts scientist(s) working in pure science?

two scientists in a lab examining vials of urine they are

Read the scenario. Tristan is given the task of studying the compound CO2. What information can Tristan obtain from the compound's chemical formula before even studying the compound? (Select all that apply.)

-he can tell that the compound comtains one atom of carbon and two atoms of oxygen -he can tell that the compund forms molecules

Which of the answer choices is a true statement about the properties of an enclosed gas? (Select all that apply.)

-if the gass colume remains constant, then increasing the temperature of a gas will increase its pressure -if the gass pressure remains constant, then increasing the temp of a fas will increase its volume

Which of the answer choices best describes the structure and properties of ionic compounds? (Select all that apply.)

-ionic compounds have high melting and booiling points -structure resembles

Examine the analogy and how it compares a part to a whole. link : chain :: atom : _____ Choose the answers that best complete this analogy. (Select all that apply.)

-molecule -compund

Zeke is on spring break. He lives in a cold climate, so he decides to drive to a warmer climate. Before he leaves for his vacation, he checks the air pressure in his tires. After a few days of driving, he reaches his destination and stops for more fuel. While fueling up, he checks his tires' air pressure again and notices it has increased. Which of the following statements best explains the change in the air pressure of Zeke's tires? (Select all that apply).

...increase x2

A metal coin has a volume of 835 mm3 and a mass of 5.67 g. What is the density of the coin?

0.006 79 g/mm^3

The alkali metals all have what number of valence electrons?

1

When involved in a chemical reaction with a nonmetal, what charge will alkali metals most likely form?

1+

A shopping mall has a length of 200 m and a width of 75 m. What is the area of the mall?

1.5 x 10^4 m^2

Given the image, how many pairs of electrons do two atoms of oxygen need to share to produce one molecule of O2?

2

Which of the following is the lowest common product for the ion values of lithium (Li) and oxygen (O)? Hint: Look at your periodic table.

2

Read the scenario. Two atoms of calcium and one molecule of oxygen gas react and yield two molecules of calcium oxide. Which of the answer choices correctly models this scenario as a chemical equation?

2Ca+O2 > 2CaO

Two molecules of hydrogen gas and one molecule of oxygen gas react to yield two molecules of water. Which of the following equations properly models the reaction described?

2H2 + O2 > 2H2O

Study the image. What is the range for the total growth of Plants A through D? Hint: To calculate total growth, use the plant height data from Day 0 and Day 15 for Plants A through D.

4cm to 33cm

Read the steps involved in determining the ions in an ionic compound. 1. Using the appropriate method, record the ion formed from the element. 2. Determine how many electrons an atom of the element needs to gain/lose to obtain a full valence shell. 3. Locate the element of interest on the periodic table. 4. Determine how many valence electrons are in an uncharged atom of the element. Which answer correctly orders the steps for determining ions?

3, 4, 2, 1

Examine the three isotopes of potassium (K) below. potassium-41, potassium-39, potassium-40 Which of the answer choices lists these isotopes in the order of having the least amount of neutrons to having the most amount of neutrons?

39, 40, 41

Examine the scenario. During her summer vacation, Sherry decides to go to the park to do some rollerblading (1). While rollerblading, she leaves her purse in her car (2). When comes back to her car, she realizes her lips are very dry (3). To remedy this, she gets her lip balm out of her purse (4). When she takes the cap off to apply it, some of it drips out of the tube and makes a mess all over her hands (5). A little irritated, she then goes to the bathroom and cleans the lip balm off of her hands (6). Which sentence from the scenario best shows Sherry's lack of understanding about the physical properties of her lip balm? Note: Each number represents the sentence that comes before it in the scenario.

5

How many atoms are in a molecule of iron oxide (Fe2O3)?

5

Examine the equation. 6CO2 + __H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 In order to balance the equation, what coefficient must be placed in front of H2O?

6

Evaluate the scenario. A scientist discovers that an atom with a mass number of 14 contains eight electrons. According to the scenario, what is the atom's atomic number?

8

Which of the statements correctly describes the reactivity of noble gases, according to the octet rule?

8 electrons in valence shell, noble gases very unreactive

Perform the following conversion. 0.09 km to dam

9 dam

Which BEST explains what happens when scientists submit their work to a scientific journal for peer review?

A group of scientists judges the soundness of the experiments that are submitted for publication.

Examine the images. Which option correctly matches the images to their description? Note: green = oxygen; red = hydrogen

A--atom of an element B--molecule of an element C--molecule of a compound

Which of the answer choices lists a compound?

ALUMINUM

Which of the answer choices is an example of a correct chemical formula?

Al2O3

Which answer choice correctly identifies the atoms and molecules with the least amount of stability?

B, D, F

Examine the statement. A molecule of a covalent compound contains three atoms of fluorine (F) and one atom of boron (B). What is the correct molecular formula and chemical name of the compound described above?

BF3; boron trifluoride

Which molecular formula is written incorrectly?

Br4Si

Examine the scenario. Chemical Reaction A and Chemical Reaction B involve the same two reactants. Chemical Reaction A is performed in a hot container, while Chemical Reaction B is performed in a cold container. Which of the answer choices correctly describes which chemical reaction will have a higher reaction rate?

CHEMICAL REACTION A...REACTION PARTICLES

Which compounds are most likely to have covalent bonds? (Select all that apply.) Hint: Look at your periodic table.

CO H2O

Which statement best explains why elements are matter?

ELEM

Which of the following elements share the same number of energy levels?

HELIUM AND NEON BORON AND ALUMINUM

Which of the answer choices correctly explains how the law of conservation of energy is fulfilled during an exothermic reaction?

HIGHER POTENTIAL ENERGY...ENERGY ABSORBED

Which best shows how an applied science researcher would think about wind?

HOW DOES TEMP

Read the following hypothesis. If the amount of oxygen in a pond affects the survival rate of fish, then decreasing the amount of oxygen in the pond will decrease the amount of fish in the pond. What is the independent variable (IV) and dependent variable (DV)?

IV=amount of exygen in the pond DV=amount of fish

Read the following hypothesis. If light affects gecko metabolism, then increasing the amount of light in a gecko's environment will increase a gecko's activity level. What is the independent variable (IV) and dependent variable (DV)?

IV=amount of light DV=gecko's activity levelss

Which statement forms a correctly stated hypothesis?

If smoking is related to cancer, then people who smoke a lot of cigarettes will be more likely to get cancer

Which answer choice correctly explains how the structure of ionic compounds differs from covalent compounds?

MADE OF AN ELECTRON DOT LATTICE

A scientist examining the periodic table sees that the element magnesium (Mg) has the atomic number of 12. Based on this knowledge, what does the scientist immediately know is true about magnesium atoms?

MAG 6 PRO AND 6 NEU

Which of the statements best describes what happens to mass during a chemical reaction?

MASS IS REARRANGED

Which of the listed properties is the same for the elements beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca)? Hint: Look at your periodic table.

NUMBER OF ENERGY LEVELS

Tori is studying a chemical reaction and its reaction rate. After observing the initial rate, she adds thermal energy to the reaction. Which of the answer choices correctly describes how the addition of thermal energy will affect the reaction rate?

PARTICLED MOVE FASTER...DECREASE TEMP...FASTER REACTION RATE

A metal rod is placed in a hot fire. Some of the metal turns orange and becomes runny. Which of the answer choices best explains what happened in the scenario?

PARTICLES OF METAL RELEASED ENERGY INTO THE FIRE AND CHANGED FROM THE SOLID TO THE LIQUID STATE

A scoop of ice cream is placed on top of a warm piece of pie in a bowl. Which statements about the scenario are true? (Select all that apply.)

PIE WILL PIE ENEERGY -PIE WILL ICECREAM WILL

Read the following scenario. Norman thinks that the brain function of students suffers when they receive less sleep. He predicts that students who get less sleep before an exam will receive lower test grades. To investigate his idea, he tests two groups of chemistry students. Group 1 receives four hours of sleep, while Group 2 receives the recommended eight hours of sleep the night before the exam. Both groups consume the same foods before testing. They then take the same exam in the same room. Which of the following experimental factors could have been a possible source of error in Norman's investigation?

THE AMOUNT

Which of the following statements best explains why the cube in Image B experiences more pressure than the cube in Image A?

THE DENSITY

Examine the reversible reaction. 2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3 If the reaction is at chemical equilibrium, what will be the effect of adding more molecules of SO3?

THE RATE... FORWARD INCREASE...SHIFT TO LEFT

Which of the answer choices correctly defines reaction rate?

THE SPEED...PRODUCTS

Examine the image and scenario. A student fills two test tubes to the top with water. He turns the tubes upside down over the terminals of a 9-volt battery. Then, he makes a tight seal around the tubes and terminals using water-proof tape. Finally, he observes his experiment. He notices that bubbles start to form in the tubes and the water level in each tube slowly decreases. Which statement best explains why the amount of water in the tubes decreases?

THE WATER COND WATER LEANS broken down

On what kind of graph would the composition of air be best represented?

a pie chart

Study the image. Which hypothesis is supported by the data in the table?

a plamts health is affected by the amount of nutrients it receives, so increasing the amount of fertilizer a plant receives will increase the rate at which it grows

How do carbon-12 and carbon-13 differ? (Select all that apply.

They have different amounts of neutrons. They have different mass numbers.

Review the scenario. What graph should Sidney use to communicate the results of her study? Sidney studies how the amount of sleep that two groups of chemistry students receive before a test affects the students' test grades. Students in Group 1 sleep for 8 hours, and students in Group 2 sleep for 4 hours. The average test score for Group 1 is 75%, while the average test score for Group 2 is 65%.

a bar graph

Review the scenario. What type of graph should Ozzie use to communicate the data? Ozzie tracks the growth of a corn plant, a sunflower plant, and a tomato plant over a 10-week period. The total growth for each plant is shown in the data table below.

a bar graph

André does a count of the student body population at his school. His data is listed in the table below. What method should André use to communicate his data?

a circle graph

Which of the answer choices correctly describes a chemical bond?

a force that holdd atoms together in a fixed yet fleible structure

How many electrons can the px atomic orbital subtype hold?

a maximum of 6 electrons

Which process is an example of a chemical change?

a metal railing rusting in damp weather

Bernoulli's principle indicates that increasing the velocity of a fluid will cause its pressure to increase. Which of the answer choices rewords the false statement so that it becomes true?

bernoulli's principle indicates that increasing the velocity of a fluid will cause its pressure to decrease

Read the scenario. Alyssa observes a chemical reaction between an atom of Be and an atom of Se. Which answer choice correctly lists the chemical name of the compound produced by the reaction? Hint: Look at your periodic table.

beryllium selenide

Read the scenario below. Over the period of a few days, a hospital receives an overwhelming increase in the number of patients with food poisoning. Which best describes how a scientist would respond to this increase in sick patients?

by examining the type and source of foods each patient ate and identifying patterns of overlap within the foods consumed

How did Mendeleev organize the elements in the periodic table?

by increasing atomic mass form left to right and top to bottom

According to Boyle's law, how would you reduce a gas's volume?

by increasing its pressure

What is the name and symbol of the element in the second row and fourteenth column of the periodic table?

carbon (C)

Examine the chemical formula. CS2 Which answer choice lists the compound's chemical name?

carbon disulfide

Which of the answer choices correctly lists the elements found in Group 14 of the periodic table? Hint: Look at your periodic table. carbon, nitrogen, oxygen germanium, tin, antimony germanium, arsenic, selenium carbon, silicon, germanium

carbon, silicon, germanium

Which characteristics BEST describe scientific thinking?

curious, open-minded, skeptical

Study the labeled data table. Which part of the data table usually contains information for each of the trials run in an experiment?

d, e, f

Study the data table. What is the average number of colonies for all of the swabbed surfaces?

doorknob-38 phone-29 toilet seat-16

Which reaction involves the positively charged parts of two compounds trading places?

double displacement

Which of these does NOT affect the rate of a chemical reaction?

duration

Examine the incomplete statement. When a liquid ____, the particles become _____ ordered. Which words best complete the statement?

evaporates; less

What type of reactions release energy into the environment?

exothermic

A substance burns in the presence of oxygen. Which of the answer choices names a chemical property in the scenario?

flammability

Which of the answer choices correctly names the element that Mendeleev predicted would be discovered and placed in the aluminum column?

gallium (ga)

Which of the families can be found in Group 17 of the periodic table?

halogens

Which of the answer choices best describes John Dalton's contribution to atomic theory?

he gave future scientists a foundation for understanding how atoms make up matter

Which of the following elements are nonmetals? (Select all that apply.)

helium, carbon

Examine the list of elements. potassium (K) magnesium (Mg) helium (He) fluorine (F) Which of the answer choices lists the elements in order from the smallest atomic radius to the largest atomic radius?

helium, fluprine, magnesium, potassium

Read the incomplete statement about structural formulas. Structural formulas are like models because they show __________. Which answer best completes the statement?

how elemetns arrange within a compound

Which of the answer choices correctly describes the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

ionic bonds are formed when one atom takes another atom's electrons, while covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share electrons

Which statement best describes how the periodic table has benefitted society and scientists?

it allows people all over the world to share

What function does adding a coefficient serve in a chemical equation

it balances equation

Which of the following statements best describes how Moseley's research affected the periodic table?

it became organized by atomic number instead pf atpmic mass

Read the scenario below. An ice cube is left on the kitchen counter. After some time, the ice cube melts into a small puddle of water. According to the law of conservation of mass, how does the mass of the puddle of water compare to the mass of the original ice cube?

it contains the same amount of mass

Examine the unbalanced equation. CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O What is the best classification for the unbalanced equation's reaction, and why?

it is a combustion reaction because oxygen reacts with a substance

Evaluate the image of protons (P), neutrons (N), and electrons (E) within and around a nucleus. Which of the answer choices correctly names and lists the charge of the figure represented?

it is an ion with a negative charge

What must happen in order for an atom to become a positively charged ion?

it must lose an electron

Read the description. shiny; ductile; solid at room temperature Which of the elements best fits the description? Hint: Look at your periodic table.

magnesium (mg)

Human curiosity has led to improvements in technology, which has increased scientists' ability to __________.

make observations

Which of the answer choices correctly describes how Mendeleev predicted new elements?

mendeleev organized elements into a table and left gaps based on patterns he saw

Which type of element would most likely be found in the area marked B?

metalloid

If a catalyst is present in a chemical reaction, where should it be represented in the chemical equation?

over the yields arrow

What kind of particles make up light?

photons

In what direction and how many spaces must you move the decimal point to make the following conversion? 600 L to mL

right; 3 spaces

In what row and column of the periodic table is selenium (Se) located?

row 4, column 16

Read the statement. Bananas foster is a dessert that is commonly served flaming. Chefs use alcohol-based liquids, like rum, to produce this effect. Which statement best explains why rum can be used in cooking to serve flaming food?

rum is a very volatile liquid

Examine the incomplete analogy. wind : swirls :: chemical bond : ___________. Which answer choice best completes the analogy?

stretches

Which of the answer choices lists the number and type of elements in a compound in the way that is close to their actual arrangement?

structural formula

What is a chemical reaction?

the actual, chemical transformation from ne substance to another

Examine the false statement. The alkali earth metals have five valence electrons. Select the rewording of the statement that is true.

the alkali earth metals have two valence electrons

Which of the answer choices best describes the property of volume?

the amount of space a substance's matter occupies

When an atom is broken down into parts, what happens to its identity?

the atom is no longer ercognizable

Evaluate the scenario. An electron in the energy level closest to the nucleus absorbs a photon. Which of the answer choices best describes what will happen next?

the electron will move from a lower energy level to a higher energy level

According to the law of conservation of energy, which of the answer choices best describes the energy of the reactants in a chemical reaction?

the energy of the reactants is the same as the energ of the products

Read the scenario below. A scientist examines a large pot of boiling water and a small cup of boiling water. The scientist determines that the large pot holds more water particles than the small cup. Also, the scientist discovers that both have the same amount of average kinetic energy. Based on the scientist's findings, which of the following statements is true?

the large pot of water and small cup of water have the same temp., but the large pot of water has higher thermal energy

Examine the scenario. Kato is out camping with his family, and they decide to start a campfire because of the cold air. After everyone roasts marshmallows to a crispy golden brown, they eat them, and then they decide to go to sleep. Before going to sleep, Kato pours water over the campfire to put it out. He notices that steam drifts from the burned wood and ashes even though the fire is gone and the coals have stopped glowing. Which statement best describes how energy is conserved in this scenario? (Select all that apply.)

the liquid water the cold air

Which correctly describes a positive relationship for a line graph?

the majorit of the data points for a line increases when traveling left to right along the x-axis

Which of the statements best explains why the atomic mass of the elements on the periodic table increases when moving right across a period?

the number of protons and neutrons in the atoms of each element increase

Which statement best describes the properties of the particles in solids?

the particles in solds are held in fixed positions by strong attractions

Which statement best describes the properties of the particles in gases?

the particles of gases are widely spaced and lacking in order

When the mass of a fluid increases, what happens to the pressure it exerts on objects?

the pressure it exerts on objects imcreases

An older brother pours all the water out of a small cup on his little brother's head. Later, the little brother pours all the water out of a large pot on the older brother's head. Which of the answer choices correctly analyzes the pressure exerted by the water in the scenario?

the water from the large pot exerted more pressure because it had more mass

Which of the following measurements uses a derived unit?

volume

Which of the answer choices is a true statement?

-Nonmetals usually exist as molecules, combining with atoms of themselves. -Metallic elements can exist on their own as individual atoms.

Examine the incomplete statement. Ionic compounds are formed from a combination of __________ and __________. Which words correctly complete the statement? (Select all that apply).

-anions; cations -metals; nonmetals

Which properties increase when moving down a group of the periodic table? (Select all that apply.)

-atomic mass -atomic radii -reactivity

Which of the answer choices correctly describes the relationship between potential and kinetic energy in chemical reactions? (Select all that apply.)

-kinetic energy transforms into potential energy when moving molecules bump into each other and cause the position of their bonds and atoms to change -potential energy transforms into kinetic energy when changes in the bonds of reacting substances affect the motion of the atoms within them

Which statement accurately describes nonmetals? (Select all that apply).

-most nonmetals are gases -nonmetals fracture

Consider the following situation. Levi decides to examine the effect of fertilizer on the growth of tomato plants. He chooses four plants for his experiment and applies varying amounts of fertilizer to the three of them. He does not apply fertilizer to one plant. Over a 15-day period, the plants receive fertilizer on Days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13. Levi measures the height of all of his plants with a meterstick on days 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15. He also makes sure to hold all experimental factors constant except for the fertilizer. Which of answers correctly identifies the independent and dependent variables of Levi's experiment and where they should be placed when graphed? (Select all that apply.)

-plant height; y-axis -the amount of fertilizer; x-axis

Which statements best describe how the properties of gases and plasmas differ? (Select all that apply).

-plasma particles -the particles of plasma

Which of the answer choices correctly describes trends regarding reactivity? (Select all that apply.)

-reactivity increases when moving down a group -reactivity increases when moving across a period

Read the statement. The gas particles in a bicycle tire increase in speed. Based on the statement, what will most likely happen as the gas particles increase in speed? (Select all that apply.)

-the kinetic energy of the gas particles will increase -the temp of the gas particles will increase

Which of the answer choices best describes why the results of Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment led him to propose the concept of a nucleus?

.....CENTER OF EACH ATOM OUTSIDE OF EACH ATOM

Given the image, how many covalent bonds can one atom of carbon form?

4

An object has a mass of 50.0 g and a volume of 10.5 cm3. What is the object's density?

4.76 g/cm^3

Read the false statement. Atoms of elements with one valence electron form anions in order to meet the octet rule. Which of the answer choices rewords the false statement so it is true?

ATOMS WITH 3

Select the answer choice that best describes the gas law and property changes shown in the images. P STRAIGHT UP T TO LEFT GRAPH BOTTOM LEFT DIAGONAL RIGHT

BOYLES VAL INC

Which of the following is not an example of a pure element?

CO2

Which of the energy levels in the atom is the valence shell?

D

Examine the scenario. During a reaction, reactants that are low in energy react and form products that are high in energy. Which answer choice correctly states what must have happened during the reaction, according to the law of conservation of energy?

ENERGY MUST HAVE BEEN CREATED DURING REACTION

According to the graph, which answer choice correctly describes the behavior of energy in endothermic reactions?

GREATER THAN ENERGY...ENERGY RELEASED

Review the hypothesis. If the amount of water people drink every day affects the concentration of certain hormones in their blood, then increasing the amount of water consumed daily will decrease the number of facial blemishes they receive each month. Which of the following experimental questions does the hypothesis above answer?

HOW DOES THE AMOUNT

Review the experimental question. How does the quantity of zinc used in a mineral-based sunscreen affect an individual's chance of getting a sunburn? Which statement forms the best testable hypothesis for the question?

IF MINERAL BASED SUNSCREEN CONTAIN MORE

Read the scenario below. A scientist performed two experiments regarding the kinetic energy of gas particles in a container. The scientist recorded the results, but part of the documentation went missing. The incomplete results are as follows: Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Mass: 2 kg Mass: _____ kg Velocity: 5 m/s Velocity: 5 m/s Kinetic Energy: 50 J Kinetic Energy: 12.5 J According to the results, which of the following statements must be true about the mass in the second experiment? Hint: KE = 1/2mv2

IT MUST HAVE BEEN THE SAME AS THE MASS IN THE FIRST EX -HIGHER THAN

Examine the following statement. The average kinetic energy for a substance or object is directly proportional its temperature. According to the statement, which answer best describes how a substance would be affected if its temperature increased?

MASS WOULD DECERASE

Which of the following statements about metalloids is true?

METALLOIDS ALWAYS READILY DPNATE -METALLOIDS READILY ACCEPT ELECTRONS

What are the smallest units an element can be broken down into and still retain its defining properties?

MOL

Which ionic compound contains a 2+ and 2− ion? (Select all that apply).

MgO CaS

Examine the statement. Ionic bonds form between metals and nonmetals. Given the statement, which compound is most likely to have ionic bonds?

NaF

Which compounds are most likely to have ionic bonds? (Select all that apply.) Hint: Look at your periodic table.

NaF MgO

Imagine a 10 kg chunk of aluminum (density = 2.7 g/cm3) and a 10 g chunk of iron (density = 7.9 g/cm3). Which of the following is true?

THE CHUNK OF IRON IS MORE MASS

Select the statements below that are assumptions within the kinetic theory of matter. (Select all that apply.)

THERE IS EMPTY MATTERS PARTICLES VIB

Examine the statements and choose the one that correctly states and describes the relationship between volume and particle motion within the states of matter.

THEY HAVE INDIRECT RELA

Which answer choice correctly describes what happens to the balance of a reversible reaction at equilibrium when temperature is increased?

The balance of the reaction shifts toward the endothermic reaction.

The entire volume of a balloon is filled with air. However, over time, the balloon becomes soft as the air pressure inside it decreases. According to the gas laws, which of the answer choices best describes the cause for the decrease in the balloon's air pressure?

VOLUME OF AIR DECREASED

Examine the statement. A compound consists of two or more of the same kind of atom joined together. Determine whether the statement is true or false. If true, choose TRUE. If false, choose the rewording that is true.

a molecule consists of two or more of the same kind of atom joined together

Which family of elements can be found in the area marked B?

alkali earth metals

Which of the following statements about alkali metals is true?

alkali metals are very reactive

Which of the answer choices is an example of a correct chemical name?

aluminum oxide

Which of the following is an inorganic compound?

ammonia

According to Bernoulli's principle, what type of relationship exists between a fluid's velocity and its pressure?

an inverse relationship

How are the elements in the current periodic table arranged?

atomic number

According to modern atomic theory, where are electrons most likely to be found?

atomic orbitals

Examine the false statement below. Atomic radius increases when moving right across the periods of the periodic table. Choose the rewording that makes the statement true

atomic radius decreases when moving right across the periods of the periodic table

Read the statement. Atoms of different elements have a different mass and volume. Which sentence best explains why the statement is true?

atoms have unique properties that define them

Examine the three images of different atomic theories. Which of the answer choices correctly organizes the atomic theories from oldest to most recent?

b, a, c

Examine the statements. A - Oppositely charged ions attract. B - Atoms donate and receive electrons. C - Charges of ions balance one another. D - Anions and cations are formed. Given the statements, what is the correct order of events for the formation of an ionic compound?

b, d, a, c

Evaluate the statement. Bromine (Br) is a halogen. Given the information in the statement, what can be inferred as true about bromine? Hint: Look at your periodic table.

bromine tends to form anions when in chemiccal reactions with metals

What is the chemical name and formula of a compound that has one carbon atom and four chlorine atoms?

carobon tetrachloride; CCl4

Carson is on the swim team at his high school. He regularly dives to the bottom of the 13-foot swimming pool where he practices. While on summer vacation, Carson decides to go scuba diving off the coast of Mexico. After a few minutes descending into the deep water, his ears begin to ache. Carson wonders what is causing this pain since he never has any problems at swim practice. Which of the following statements best explains the pain in Carson's ears?

carson experiences more pressure while scuba diving because he has a greater volume of water above him than when he dives in the pool

Which elements are part of the halogens group? Hint: Look at your periodic table.

chlorine, bromine, fluorine

If J.J. Thomson were alive today, which of the following desserts might he use to describe his atomic model?

chocolate chip

When something burns, what type of reaction is typically taking place?

combustion

Which of the answer choices correctly describes nonmetals?

conduct electricity poorly

Which of the answer choices names the subatomic particle that has the least amount of mass in an atom?

electron

Which of the answer choices names a substance that consists of one type of atom?

element

Which of the answer choices correctly states the principle behind the law of conservation of mass and the law of conservation of energy

energy and mass cannot be created or destroyed during physical changes or chemical reactions

Which of the answer choices correctly describes the law of conservation of energy?

energy can neither be created nor destroyed but it can change them

Which of the answer choices correctly describes energy during endothermic reactions?

energy is absorbed in the environment

Which answer choice correctly describes the trend of energy levels from the top of a group to the bottom of a group?

energy levels increase by one when movking down in a group

Examine the scenario. Molten lava coming out of a Hawaiian volcano cools down and forms rock. Which statement best describes the flow of energy in the scenario?

energy moves from the lava to the surroundings

Molten lava coming out of a Hawaiian volcano cools down and forms rock. Which statement best describes the flow of energy in the scenario?

energy moves from the lava to the surroundings

Review the following experimental question. How does chocolate consumption affect an individual's weight? Which of the following options is a testable hypothesis for the experimental question?

if eating chocolate affects

Examine the scenario. Trey and his friends are walking home when they get caught in a thunderstorm. They decide to find shelter to get away from the rain and lightning. After looking around, they see two places they can go: a wooden gazebo and an aluminum shed. Trey has studied physical science and tells his friends they should stand under the wooden gazebo. Which of the answer choices best describes why Trey and his friends should go to the gazebo to be safe from the thunderstorm?

if lightening strikes the shed, the aluminums frree-floating electrons could easily conduct the electricity throughout the shed

The steps in the scientific process are listed below. What is the correct order in which they occur? I. Form a hypothesis. II. Communicate results. III. Make an observation. IV. Analyze the results and draw conclusions. V. Conduct an experiment.

iii, i, v, iv, ii

In an atom, protons and electrons are in the nucleus, which is surrounded by neutrons. Which of the answer choices rewords the false statement so it is true?

in an atom, protons and neutrons are in the nucleus, ehich is surroun ded by electrons

Examine the false statement. In the Bohr model of an atom, an electron's path is not known exactly. Which of the answer choices rewords the false statement so it is true?

in the nohr model of an atom, electrons path follows a defined orbit around the nucleus

Which of the answer choices correctly describes what will happen to an element with four valence electrons if it engages in a chemical reaction?

it may gain or lose electrons

For a chemical equation, what direction and items does the "yields" arrow point toward?

it pointd to right toward the products

According to Boyle's law, what will happen to a gas's volume if the pressure of a gas decreases and the temperature stays constant?

it wil increase

Read the scenario below. A child complains that his soup is too hot. His mother places an ice cube in the soup to cool it. Based on the scenario, how will the soup's thermal energy behave?

it will flow from the soup to the ice cube

What does the mass number of an element represent?

its amount of protons and neutrons

Which of the following units is an SI base unit?

kilogram

Consider the following situation. Levi decides to examine the effect of fertilizer on the growth of tomato plants. He chooses four plants for his experiment and applies varying amounts of fertilizer to the three of them. He does not apply fertilizer to one plant. Over a 15-day period, the plants receive fertilizer on Days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13. Levi measures the height of all of his plants with a meterstick on Days 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15. He also makes sure to hold all experimental factors constant except for the fertilizer. Which statement describes what Levi did to prepare the control group in his experiment?

levi did not apply any fertilizer to one of his plants

Which of the answer choices best describes how Bohr's model proposed electrons travel around the nucleus?

like planets orbiting the sun

Examine the statement. A compound is made of two of more different atoms joined together. Which image best models the statement?

links silver and red

In which of the following phase transitions is energy released?

liquid to solid

Which of the following statements about metalloids is true?

metalloids have properties that fell between those of metals and nonmetals

Study the graph. What value in the data does 30 cm represent? Hint: Count the number of times 30 cm is recorded, and compare this to the other values.

mode

Examine the false statement. Compounds are the smallest unit of an element that occur most commonly in nature. Select the rewording of the statement that is true.

molecules are the smallest unit of an element or compund that commonly occur in natyre

Which of the following statements correctly describes how Moseley's research affected the development of the periodic table?

moseley's research led to the reorganization of the elemts based on their atomic number instead of atomic mass

Which statement best describes how alkali earth metals react with water?

most alkali earth metals react with hot water

Examine the description. mostly unreactive; a gas Which of the families best fits the description?

noble gases

Which family of elements can be found in the area marked I?

noble gases

Which of the listed properties is the same for the elements carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O)? Hint: Look at your periodic table.

number of energy levels

Which of the answer choices correctly summarizes the kinetic theory of matter?

particles of matter continuously move or vibrate within the empty spaces that separate them from one another

Study the graph. Which BEST describes the relationship between the amount of fertilizer and tomato circumference?

positive

Which of the following elements would be the least likely to form a cation if involved in a chemical reaction?

potassium

According to Pascal's principle, what happens when someone squeezes a bottle of soda?

pressure increases equally across the bottle

Which of the answer choices names a subatomic particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom? (Select all that apply.)

proton neutron

Which of the answer choices best describes elements?

pure substances

While _____ science deals with knowledge discovery, _____ science deals with knowledge use.

pure; applied

Data made of numbers obtained from counting or measuring objects is _____, while data made of descriptions obtained from observing properties and characteristics of objects is _____.

quantitive; qualitative

Read the incomplete sentence below. _____ are the materials that change in a chemical reaction, while _____ are the substances formed by changes in a chemical reaction. Which answer choice presents the correct words to complete the sentence?

reactants; products

Which BEST describes how scientists behave when the results of an experiment do not support a theory?

scientists conduct further experiments

How is the work of scientists checked for accuracy?

scientists submit their work to scientific journals, and it is reviewed by their peers

Which element's conductivity can change with its environment?

silicon

Which reaction begins with one compound and one element, and then ends with one compound and one element?

single displacement

Which of the answer choices lists a phase change that requires a substance to absorb energy? (Select all that apply.)

sublimation melting evaporation

Which of the answer choices correctly identifies a scenario that displays evidence a chemical reaction is occurring?

sugar burns and turns black

Which answer choices correctly describe why the number of known elements more than doubled by 1861? (Select all that apply.)

technological advancements communication between scientists increased

Consider the following situation. What is the independent variable in Levi's experiment on tomato plants? Levi decides to examine the effect of fertilizer on the growth of tomato plants. He chooses four plants for his experiment and applies varying amounts of fertilizer to three of them. He does not apply fertilizer to one plant. Over a 15-day period, the plants receive fertilizer on Days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13. Levi measures the height of all of his plants with a meterstick on Days 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15. He also makes sure to hold all experimental factors constant except for the fertilizer.

the amoutn of fert given to plants

Which statement correctly describes a covalent bond?

the atoms valence electrons are shared between the atpms

Which answer choice correctly describes what happens to the balance of a reversible reaction at equilibrium when pressure is increased?

the balance shifts toward the reaction that decreases the number of particles in the system

Read the scenario. An atom of lithium (Li) and an atom of chlorine (Cl) engage in a chemical reaction. Which of the answer choices correctly describes the structure of the resulting chemical compound? Hint: Consider the class of each element.

the chemical compound willl have a chemical structure

A little boy places an ice cube in his hot bowl of stew and then walks out of the room. When he returns, the ice cube is gone. Based on the law of conservation of mass, which of the answer choices correctly assesses what happened to the ice cube in the scenario?

the extreme temp difference between the stew and the ice cube caused the ice cube to change state while its mass remains the same or constant

According to Pascal's principle, the force that fluids exert on objects depends on their shape. Which of the answer choices rewords the false statement so it is true?

the force that fluids exert on objects is the same at all points

According to Charles's law, what will happen if the volume of a gas increases and its pressure stays constant?

the gas's temperature will increase

According to Gay-Lussac's law, what will happen if the temperature of a gas increases and its volume stays constant?

the gas;s pressure will increase

A student stirs a cup of hot chocolate with a cold metal spoon and observes that the spoon becomes warmer. According to the law of conservation of energy, which of the answer choices best describes why the spoon became warmer?

the high-energy hot chocolate particles transfer some of their energy to the spoon particles, which causes the spoon to become warmer

What is scientific knowledge made of?

the ideas that scientists understand and can reasonably explain

Evaluate the image. P TO RIGHT T STRAIGHT UP V LEFT TO RIGHT UPSIDE DOWN SLOPE

the image shows boyle's law bc as volume decreases, pressure increases

Consider the following situation. What is the dependent variable in Levi's experiment on tomato plants? Levi decides to examine the effect of fertilizer on the growth of tomato plants. He chooses four plants for his experiment and applies varying amounts of fertilizer to three of them. He does not apply fertilizer to one plant. Over a 15-day period, the plants receive fertilizer on Days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13. Levi measures the height of all of his plants with a meterstick on Days 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15. He also makes sure to hold all experimental factors constant except for the fertilizer.

the measurements of plant height

Read the following scenario. What is the dependent variable in Norman's investigation? Norman thinks that the brain function of students suffers when they receive less sleep. He predicts that students who get less sleep before an exam will receive lower test grades. To investigate his idea, he tests two groups of chemistry students. Group 1 receives four hours of sleep, while Group 2 receives the recommended eight hours of sleep the night before the exam. Both groups consume the same foods before testing and take the same exam in the same room. The room has a constant temperature and level of light for all students.

the range of grades students receive on their exam

What happens during a controlled experiment?

the resukts of changing

What is the rate of a chemical reaction?

the speed at which reactants change to products over a given time

Read the scenario. Trini adds 10 g of baking soda to 100 g of vinegar. The mixture begins to bubble. When the bubbling stops, Trini finds the mass of the resulting mixture. She determines that the mass is 105 g. How do you know that a chemical change has occurred?

the substance reacted, producing gas

Boiling water on a heated stove begins to evaporate into a gas. Which statement best predicts what will happen to the temperature as the water evaporates?

the temperature will not change

Which BEST explains what happens when scientific theories do not stand up to repeated experimentation?

the theories change to fit current data

What does the law of conservation of mass tell you about the products and reactants in a chemical equation?

the total number and type of atoms will stay the same

In the writing of ionic chemical formulas, what is "crossed over" in the crossover rule?

the value of each ion's charge

Which of the answer choices correctly describes why metals are good conductors of thermal energy?

their atoms have free-floating electrons

A scientific _____ is an explanation for observable facts that is supported by experimental evidence. A scientific _____ is a statement that summarizes a pattern observed in nature. Which answer choice presents the correct words to complete the sentence

theory; law

Which of the answer choices lists a true statement about ionic compounds?

they are formed by ions that have opposite charges

Which of the statements correctly describes the reactivity of halogens, according to the octet rule?

they have 7 in their velnce shell, so halogens are very reactiveq

Which statement about atoms of elements in the same group of the periodic table is true

they have similar chemical properties and the same number of valece electrons

Which of the answer choices best describes how electrons move, according to modern atomic theory?

they move in orbitals

Read the scenario below. What is the independent variable in Norman's investigation? Norman thinks that the brain function of students suffers when they receive less sleep. He predicts that students who get less sleep before an exam will receive lower test grades. To investigate his idea, he tests two groups of chemistry students. Group 1 receives four hours of sleep, while Group 2 receives the recommended eight hours of sleep the night before the exam. Both groups consume the same foods before testing and take the same exam in the same room. The room has a constant temperature and level of light for all students.

tje amount of sleep students receive before their test

Which statement correctly distinguishes the types of compounds in the images?

top is a covalent compound and bottom is ionic compound

Which statement correctly describes the periodic trend shown in the image? Hint: Look at your periodic table.

valence electrons increase

Liquids have a _____ shape and _____ volume. Which words best complete the statement?

variable; fixed

Which of the answer choices gives the correct description of what happens when an electron emits a photon?

when an electron emits a photon, it falls from a higher energy level to a lower energy level

When does a chemical reaction reach equilibrium?

when products and reactants are being formed at the same rate

When are elements most likely to become unreactive?

when valenc shell is completely full

What type of graph can be used to display qualitative data?

-bar graph -circle graph

Study the conclusion. Fertilizer makes tomato plants produce bigger fruit. Which statement BEST supports the conclusion? (Select all that apply.)

-fertilized tomato plants produce fruit that is bigger than unfertilized tomato plants -unfertiized tomato plants produce fruit that is smaller than fertilized tomato plants

Examine the images. Which substance pictured is an element on the periodic table? (Select all that apply.)

-gold -copper

Which process is an example of a physical change?

-ice turns to water -limestone

Which of the following are advantages of the SI system? (Select all that apply).

-it is easy to change -it allows scientists

Examine the false statement. Liquids are flammable. Select the rewording that makes the statement true. (Select all that apply.)

-liquids are not flammable -the gases of liquids are flammable

Which of the answer choices lists an example of an organic compound? (Select all that apply.)

-methane (CH4) -gluclose (C6H12O6)

What atoms make up a molecule of silicon dioxide (SiO2)?

-oxygen -silicon

Which of the following is an organic compound? (Select all that apply).

-propane -methane

Which of the answer choices lists a particle that makes up an atom? (Select all that apply.)

-proton -neutron -electron

A testable hypothesis provides a prediction and explanation and can be _____ using a well-designed experiment. (Select all that apply.)

-rejected -confirmed

Which of the following happens when scientists analyze their experimental data and draw conclusions? (Select all that apply.)

-scientists reject their hypothesis -scientists confirm their hypothesis

Which of the answer choices lists a compound? (Select all that apply.)

-water (H2O) -salt (NaCl)

When are bar graphs used? (Select all that apply.)

-when two sets of data are being compared -when small changes in data are being compared

The analogy below compares researchers in pure and applied science. Choose the answer that best completes this analogy. applied science : tinkerers :: pure science : _____

truth-seekers

What are the carbon (C) and oxygen (O) in carbon dioxide (CO2)? (Select all that apply.)

-atoms -elements

Review the statement below. Scientists have increased their ability to make observations beyond their own senses through the invention of specialized equipment such as X-ray telescopes. Which BEST explains how such technology has affected society?

TECH HAS REPLACED THE NEED

What physical property is changed when a waitress pours coffee from a pot into four mugs?

TEMP DENSITY

Which scenario best shows how understanding physical properties of substances can be beneficial in everyday life?

a person makes salad dressing with olive oil instead of coconut oil

What are the basic units of matter?

atoms

Which of the answer choices best describes what scientists gather in order to construct a hypothesis?

background information

Examine the data table below. What type of graph should be used to communicate the data? DISTRIBUTION OF FINAL EXAM 30 BIOLOGY

bar graph

Study the qualities below. Which unit of measure is being described? used to measure length smaller than a meter

centimeter

Read the scenario. When barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2, mixes with water, the solution turns cold. Which of the indicators of a chemical change is represented in the scenario?

change in energy

A __________ graph is useful for showing how part of something relates to the whole.

circle

Read the scenario. A round ball of dough is rolled and flattened into a sheet to make pie crust. Based on the scenario, what physical property of the dough has changed?

color shape

Donelle measures the mass of 10 pennies and records her measurements in kilograms. She wants to determine the mean mass of her pennies. What should Donelle do to make it easier to calculate the mean mass of her pennies?

convert the units of her measures values to grams

Which process is an example of a physical change?

flattening

Read the scenario. An antacid tablet added to a glass of water fizzes and bubbles as it mixes. Which of the indicators of a chemical change is represented in the scenario?

formation of gas

Which of the answer choices compares a chemical property of two substances?

gasoline is more flammable than wood

Review the paragraph about the types of variables used in an experiment. Which group of words BEST completes the paragraph? In an experiment, the factors that scientists change or manipulate are _____ variables. _____ variables are the factors that scientists measure and record, and _____ variables are the factors that scientists intentionally keep constant.

independent; Dependent; controlled

Read the statement. Copper turns a green-brown when it is exposed to oxygen in air. What chemical property of oxygen causes this effect?

its reactivity

Read the scenario and examine the table. Ivan wants to test how the amount of water consumed each day affects the number of facial blemishes people receive over a month. He gathers 12 people and divides them into 3 groups. He keeps everything the same for each group except for daily water and food intake. Throughout the month, Ivan tallies the number of facial blemishes each individual receives. The table details how Ivan changed the independent variables for each group. Note: Group 1 is Ivan's control group. What error did Ivan make in the design of his investigation?

ivan tested more than one independent variable at a time