Integration Exam

According to Entwistle, what does the Enemies model of integration (Christian Combatants subtype) assert?

1) Psychology and religion (Christianity) are fundamentally incompatible. 2) Rejection and Eradication. 3) Nouthetic Counseling—people are not sick but sinful, the use of psychology is idolatrous, the care of the soul belongs solely to the church, Scripture is sufficient for all psychological needs.

In his chapter on prayer, McMinn mentioned many ways in which counselors have used prayer in counseling, including what?

1) praying for clients outside of sessions, 2) silently praying for clients during the sessions, 3) devotional mediation outside sessions, 4) Devotional mediation during sessions, 5) Training with in-session prayer and homework, 6) occasional in-session prayer, 7) routine in-session prayer

What are the elements in McMinn's pattern for healing?

1. Accurate sense of self 2. Accurate awareness of need 3. Healing relationships

According to Entwistle, the neutral parties model views psychology and theology as distinct and not interacting that can be carried out through psychological neutrality and Christian neutrality. Who is one person included in the psychological neutrality group?

1. Allport 2. Peck 3. Moore 4. Carter 5. Naramore 6. Clement 7. David Myers 8. Malcolm Jeeves- The Sacred Parallel Approach

Which of the following BEST describes McMinn's view of the relationship between Christian counseling models and the scientific method?

1. Christian counselors act as if their methods are validated or they don't need to be. 2. This view is dangerous and alienates Christian counselors from their colleagues. 3. To be understood, we must use language of science 4. Must scientifically demonstrate their unique interventions and their effectiveness 5. Research Evidence for Christian techniques is sparse/needs to be validated

When faced with the reality of fallen human nature, McMinn believes we are left with three choices. What are they?

1. Do nothing, to stand paralyzed in a state of shame and proclaim our worthlessness 2. To confess our fallen nature, find ways of making restitution when appropriate, accept forgiveness, and be restore to healthy relationships 3. Seek comfort through means other than confession

According to McMinn, what is one of the ways Dr. Eric Johnson suggests the Bible can influence Christian Counselors?

1. Experiential role: providing a resource for wisdom and personal maturity 2. Foundational role: providing common starting point for our basic beliefs 3. Contextual role: allowing us to understand human nature, meaning of life 4. Axiological role: giving us standards for what we should be 5. Anthropological role: providing awareness of historical narrative of human sin and divine redemption 6. Canonical role: unchanging standard of truth 7. Dialogical role: resources for discussion 8. Creative role: allowing us to consider and explore concepts from psychological worldview

What is one of the eight points in the "Reasons for Forgiveness Scale"?

1. Forgiveness helps me get on with my life. Otherwise I would think about it all the time 2. I want to keep peace in our relationship 3. I understand why he/she did it (going through a rough time)

According to McMinn, effective counseling requires an ongoing assessment of three areas. What is one of those areas?

1. Goals 2. The client 3. Of the counselor

According to Entwistle, what does the Neutral Parties model (also known as the Levels of Explanation model) assert?

1. Live and let live 2. Levels of Explanation Model 3. Parallels Model 4. Pastors handle spiritual problems and mental health professionals handle emotional problems 5. Religious or Christian commitments of these scientists/counselors are compartmentalized

McMinn writes about six personal and professional challenges facing Christian counselors as they confront interdisciplinary integration. Which choice is one of them?

1. Moving from two areas of competence to three 2. Blurred personal-professional distinctions 3. Expanding definitions of training 4. Confronting dominant views 5. Establishing a scientific base and defining relevant ethical standards

McMinn describes five ways to confront a client. What are they?

1. Pondering 2. Questioning 3. Silence 4. Direct censure 5. Not confronting

According to Entwistle, what is an epistemological assumption made by the Enemies model (Christian Combatants version)?

1. Psychology and religion (Christianity) are fundamentally incompatible 2. Rejection and eradication 3. Nouthetic counseling—people are not sick but sinful, the use of psychology is idolatrous, the care of the soul belongs solely to the church, Scripture is sufficient for all psychological needs

According to a chart that McMinn designed, there were several examples of a faulty sense of self. What is NOT one of the examples?

1. Self-absorption 2. Self-hate 3. Lack of self-restraint

What is one of the seven different types of prayer in counseling suggested by McMinn?

1. Silently praying for clients during the sessions 2. Devotional meditation outside sessions 3. Devotional meditation during sessions 4. Training with in-session prayer and homework 5. Occasional in-session prayer 6. Routine in-session prayer

What is one of the examples of faulty healing relationships proposed by McMinn?

1. Splitting 2. Dependence 3. Exploitation

Entwistle mentions five keys to a Christian Theocentric worldview. Which answer was NOT mentioned?

1. Unity of truth grounded in transcendent God who created orderly world 2. Human capacities are God-given; guided by intellectual virtues; result is adoring God 3. Realistic is holistic unity: physical, psychological, social, trans phenomena 4. Human finitude, frailty, individual and corp effects of sin, recognized as limiting the pursuit of knowledge 5. Various means of epistemic inquiry are recognized as means of evaluating truth claims. Each has unique strengths, limitations, applications that make them relevant to different forms of epistemic application

What is an example given by McMinn of a faulty awareness of need?

1. Victim role 2. Bitterness 3. Cynicism 4. Helplessness

Citing Walsh and Middleton, Entwistle points out that worldviews ask four basic questions. What are these?

1. What does it mean to be human? What are the characteristics of human nature? What is the purpose of human life? What duties, obligations, and responsibilities do human beings have? 2. What is the nature of the world? 3. What's wrong with the world, and why do things go wrong? Why does the world contain suffering and evil? 4. How can what is wrong with the world, and what is wrong with my life, be fixed? What gives meaning or hope to human existence?

What is a worldview according to Entwistle?

A WINDOW through which he or she views the world, framed by the assumptions and beliefs that color what he or she sees. Worldviews shape how we understand our experience in the world and reflect our expectations about life

McMinn cites research by Whiston and Sexton that reported one of the best indicators of success in psychotherapy is what?

A strong therapeutic relationship

In your readings, McMinn compares the apostle Paul and the Fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22-23) to which psychologist and his theory?

Abraham Maslow: hierarchy of needs

McMinn notes that two authors argued positions that appeared almost identical; however, they were diametrically opposed. ____ "argued that the concept of sin is the cause of virtually all psychopathology" whereas _____ "argued that sin is the cause of virtually all psychopathology."

Albert Ellis Jay Adams

According to Entwistle, what does the Allies model assert?

All Truth is God's truth. The integration of psychology and Christianity is a multifaceted attempt to discern the underlying truths about the nature and functioning of human beings from the unique vantage points of psychology (in its various sub-disciplines, utilizing diverse methodologies)

According to Entwistle, when a Christian counselor is seeking to integrate psychology and theology in order to help a couple deal with marital conflict in a counseling session, the Christian counselor is practicing _______ integration.

Allied Integration

According to Entwistle, in the ____ model "psychological and theological methods are utilized to gain a more holistic and unified understanding of truth."

Allies

Consider the following: Psychology highlights the awareness of multiple determinants of behavior (genetics, social environment, reinforcement history, etc.). This might help us understand why one individual struggles with certain sins while the same sins are not tempting for another individual. Then too, theology reminds us of the pervasiveness of sin and that while each individual may struggle with different types of sin, we all struggle with sin in some form. This example of the interaction between psychology and theology interaction illustrates which model in Entwistle's book?

Allies model

Which of Entwistle's models best describes the approach of Liberty University's graduate counseling program?

Allies model

What are the five models of integration discussed by Entwistle?

Allies, Spies, Enemies (Christian and Secular Combatants), Neutral party, Colonialists

McMinn believes that Christian counselors who are best prepared to help people are what?

Are those not only highly trained in counseling theory and techniques and in theology but also personally trained to reflect Christian character inside and outside of the counseling office

McMinn notes that Dr. Eric Johnson suggests ways the Bible can influence Christian Counselors. Which term below refers to "giving us standards for what should be?"

Axiological role

According to Entwistle, Jay Adams and John MacArthur are antagonistic toward psychology. As such, they are examples of which subset of Entwistle's Enemies model?

Christian COMBATANTS

McMinn proposes a theoretical map for spiritual and psychological health. What is part of this map?

Cognitive Therapy

According to Entwistle, the _____ model filters "isolated psychological findings through proof-texts or worldview; accepts or rejects findings without engaging discipline or methods of psychology."

Colonialists

Which Entwistle model emphasizes God's Word over God's Works?

Colonialists

What is one difference between Entwistle's Spies model and his Colonialists model?

Colonialists differ from the domestic resident version of the Spies paradigm in that they adhere to a conservative Orthodox Christian theological system rather than a liberal, neo-orthodox, or more broadly religious position

Many who subscribe to the Enemies model (Christian Combatants version) believe what?

Counseling is the church's responsibility and should not be done by psychiatrists or psychologists

What does McMinn believe Christian counseling should primarily focus on?

Empirically validated Christian counseling model of personality, mental health, and therapy

According to Entwistle, the _____ model is based on the belief that psychology and theology/Christianity are mutually exclusive and incompatible with each other.

Enemies

According to Entwistle, there are two types of Spies: _____ (psychologists who seek to identify religious elements that have psychological benefits) and _____ (those who practice a watered-down religion and are interested in proclaiming its psychological benefits).

Foreigners Domestic Residents

Entwistle writes that C.S. Lewis addressed the issue of supernaturalism and science in his book Miracles. What statement best explains how Lewis viewed this phenomenon?

Lewis argued that the inability to identify something as a miracle actually depends on knowledge of the normal rules of nature precisely because the miraculous does not fit the normal and expected pattern. In his view, a miracle is not something that breaks the rules of nature, but is an intervention by which something new is introduced into nature, which nature then accommodates

McMinn uses this term " ______ counselor" to describe a counselor who is able to consider simultaneously: psychology, theology, and spirituality.

Multi-tasking

Imagine that Albert Ellis has a recent conversion experience which radically changes his outlook on religion. Even though he now believes that religion is a valuable area of study, yet he also thinks that both psychology and religion need to remain separate fields of academic discipline. His position now is that clients who enter counseling talking about spiritual issues need to be referred to pastors or religious counselors, while clients that are talking about emotional issues need to be seen by secular counselors. Ellis is now embracing which position of Entwistle's models of integration?

Neutral Party model

Psychology and Theology both use what methodology in their disciplines?

Rational Inquiry

According to Entwistle, what does the Enemies model of integration (Secular Combatants subtype) assert?

Scientific thinking is incompatible with religious belief

According to Entwistle, an integration problem for both scientists and theologians is what?

Scientists have only marginal knowledge of theology and Theologians have minimal knowledge of science so there is a need for integration enthusiasts to develop a dual-disciplinary expertise

According to Entwistle, there are two versions of the Enemies model. The _____ combatants are antagonistic toward religious belief whereas the _____ combatants see psychology as the enemy.

Secular Christian

Freud, Ellis, and Maslow were antagonistic toward religion. As such, they are examples of which subset of Entwistle's Enemies model?

Secular Combatants

McMinn believes there is a "healing motif" written throughout the narrative of human history that reflects a common pattern to healing and health. What is one of those he wrote about?

Self-sufficiency leads to brokenness which draws into community with God and one another

McMinn believes there is a healing motif written throughout the narrative of human history that reflects a common pattern to healing and health. Know this healing motif:

Self-sufficiency leads to brokenness which draws into community with God and one another.

According to McMinn, in order for integration to move beyond the limitations of current scholarly conceptual models to more applied models that can be used in the counseling room, the Christian counselor must better understand what?

Spirituality and the process of spiritual formation

According to Entwistle, what is the most significant principle that allows for dialogue and interaction between psychology and theology?

The Unity of Truth

1. Millard Erikson, according to Entwistle, observed that there are three general views of the character of imago Dei. What is one of his views?

The three general views: Substantive: image reflects a particular divine quality Relational: human relatedness reflects divine relatedness within the Trinity Functional: human beings are God's representatives to rule over Creation, not by usurping His rule, but cultivating the physical and social world with creativity and justice

In relation to Christian counselors and spiritual techniques, McMinn argues what?

The value of counseling interventions is found less in one's technical training and theoretical orientation than in one's character Balancing Christian theology, psychology and spiritual formation