Integument conditions in kids
The parents of a patient with molluscum contagiosum refuse treatment and insist the child will return to daycare tomorrow. What information should the nurse provide to the parents to prevent further spread of this viral infection?
-Naptime mats, clothing, and other materials should not be shared. -Transmission of molluscum contagiosum can occur from skin-to-skin, fomite-to-skin, and by sexual contact. -Instruct the child not to touch the bumps and keep the bumps covered. If the bumps are visible it is contagious -Children with eczema or those who are immunocompromised are at an increased risk for generalized spread of the lesions.
An adolescent patient with acne vulgaris recently changed their skin cleansing regimen to include a topical antibacterial agent. Which finding does the nurse note determines that the expected outcome has been met?
Improvement of acne and prevention of secondary infection
A parent brings her kindergarten-aged child in for a check-up because the child has been complaining of pruritus, especially at night, and appears to have a rash on his wrist. After taking scrapings of the lesion and providing topical application of permethrin 5% as ordered, the nurse sends the child home with instructions for re-treatment in one week. At the two-week follow-up appointment, the child continues to complain of pruritus. Which statement best explains this finding?
After two rounds of proper treatment, the pruritus is likely not re-infestation but rather a normal response.
The parent of a patient describes a family history of sensitive skin and allergies. The patient presents with allergic rhinitis, pruritus, and multiple painful plaques. Which is the best description for the pathophysiology of this patient's skin?
An inflammatory response is generated by T-cell induced recruitment of mast cells and eosinophils to the skin. Histamine released from mast cells causes pruritus.
The nurse is providing medication information to a patient with pruritus that is using a topical emollient for relief. What is the most important teaching that the nurse should give to the patient regarding its intended use?
Applied immediately after bathing to keep the skin flexible and prevent cracking.
A school nurse presents information to children about arachnid bites and stings. In addition to describing the appearance of the arachnids, the nurse includes information about avoiding arachnids. What instructions would be useful for the children to decrease the probability of interaction with arachnids?
Avoid any spider with an egg sac, Always check playhouses and sandboxes for arachnids, Use a light to check any dark areas before reaching into with a hand.
Which statement best describes how menses is related to an increase in acne?
Changes in the sex hormones that occur during the menstrual cycle can increase sebum production and worsen acne.
Two siblings were playing in a wooded area near the school. Both have several ticks that need to be removed. After removal, the nurse provides information to the parents regarding signs of infection. Which items should be included in the discussion with the parents?
Check skin for rashes and swollen lymph nodes. Keep the bite area clean and inspect for expanding redness. General fatigue, headache, and stiffness should be monitored.
Salmon patch
Commonly called "stork bites" or "angel kisses," these lesions are benign and usually fade during the first year of life.
4TH DEGREE FROST BITE
Complete necrosis with gangrene, possible loss of body part.
3RD DEGREE FROSTBITE
Cyanosis and mottling, followed by redness and swelling. Necrosis of epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. Sensation is absent. Pain during rewarming.
The nurse is caring for a pediatric patient with head lice. Which approach should a nurse use to ensure the family understands the proper treatment for the patient?
Explain proper treatment and follow-up check-up/ treatments at 7-9 days to prevent recurrence. Advise to wash, dry-clean, or seal items in plastic bags for 2-3 weeks.
Hemangioma
Hemangiomas result from a proliferation of dilated capillaries and endothelial cells. They appear during the first few weeks of life and grow during the first year. Lesions may fade after 1 year of age and are gone by age 5-6 years.
Nursing interventions to prevent insect bites and stings in pediatric subjects provide positive outcomes, such as decreased exposure to the insect. Which information should be provided to children and parents after receiving a diagnosis of a hymenoptera allergy?
Keep medication available at all times, The child should wear medical identification regarding the allergy.
1ST DEGREE FROSTBITE
Redness and discomfort with return to normal in a few hours.
2ND DEGREE FROSTBITE
Redness; blisters and bullae 24-48 hours after rewarming. Pain during rewarming.
The nurse provides discharge teaching to the parents of an infant and includes that good scalp and skin hygiene should be maintained to prevent which disorder?
Seborrheic dermatitis
Café-au-lait spots
Six or more of these lesions, if larger than 5 mm in diameter, suggest an underlying disorder, such as neurofibromatosis, Noonan syndrome, or McCune-Albright syndrome.
A child comes to the clinic with multiple insect bites. The parent states that the child was playing soccer at dusk and was bitten by mosquitoes. What preventative measures would lead to a decrease in mosquito bites?
Stay away from areas of standing water where mosquitoes breed. Use an insect repellant; one that contains DEET can be used for older children. Limit outdoor activity during dawn and dusk when mosquitoes are most active
Which statement best demonstrates how tetanus treatment promotes prevention of a secondary infection?
Tetanus is caused by soil-dwelling bacteria. Tetanus prophylaxis prevents the secondary infection and toxin release by the bacteria, C. tetani.
Which statements support a diagnosis of contact dermatitis?
six-year old patient received a new watch; lesions appeared under the watch, After helping prepare dinner, an eight-year old develops lesions on her hands. She helped by cutting limes and squeezing the juice from the fruit, A two-year old takes her mother's make-up on a daily basis to play dress up. After three days of play, her mother notices erythema around the child's lips after applying lipstick, A ten-month old has erythema in the perianal region; the mother states they just returned from a long car trip. The infant slept for most of the trip in the car seat and only had one diaper change.
presenting with severe blistering in the mouth and on the face. A non-confluent rash is noticeable and covers most of the body. The patient has recently started taking an anticonvulsant medication for bipolar disorder. The nurse identifies which as a potential problem with the prescribed medication?
The anticonvulsant medication, though prescribed for bipolar disorder, can have a systemic response and is likely the cause of the reaction. (STEPHEN JOHNSONS SYNDROME)
A patient with visible skin lesions presents with disturbed body image. After discussing ways to enhance appearance, the nurse should expect which desired patient outcome?
The patient should apply the techniques discussed which will help generate a positive self-image over time.
A patient comes to the clinic because of a worsening case of atopic dermatitis. Topical corticosteroids are prescribed. The nurse anticipates which goal of corticosteroid use?
The patient will have a decrease in the local inflammation response which will suppress the itch-scratch-itch cycle.
The nurse is creating a teaching care plan for a patient with pruritus. The nurse would include which expected outcome for the patient?
The patient will understand the allergens or aggravating factors that augment the dermatitis and will avoid them. The patient will apply treatment as prescribed and decrease the risk of secondary infection.
An adolescent is ashamed of her atopic dermatitis and refuses to join any outdoor family functions. What is the expected outcome, following nursing care involving discussion of skin care and hydration, for this patient?
This patient should see an improvement in the lesions as proper skin care and hydration are beneficial in atopic dermatitis.
When diagnosing a child with suspected pediculosis capitis, the father mentions that their older son was at summer camp last week. Which is the best statement associated with obtaining social history information for this patient?
To determine a possible origin for the infestation
The nurse provides a class about salmon patches (nevus simplex) to new mothers. When teaching the mothers, the nurse should include which statement?
Treatment for salmon patches is not indicated as the birthmark fades over time.
port wine stain
What is this skin condition?
Another name for eczema
atopic dermatitis
Early signs of frostbite include
blanching of skin; stinging sensation followed by numbness and white, mottled appearance.
The presence of which type of birthmark is related to skin pigmentation?
mongolion spots
Mongolian spots
what skin condition?