Integumentary System

Evaporation

the process by which water changes from liquid form to an atmospheric gas

Convection

the transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by molecular motion

The structural difference between thick and thin skin is in the

thickness of the dermis

Accessory Structures of the integument

Hair, nails, glands

Conduction

Heat moves from the body directly into the molecules of cooler objects i contact with its surface.

Describe the role of the skin in promoting the loss of excess body heat

When body temperature rises nerve impulses stimulate structures in the skin to release heat, the heat is lost by conduction. The nerve system also stimulates eccrine sweat glands onto the surface of the skin. As the fluid evaporates it carries heat away from the surface.

Function of melanocytes?

Produce a dark pigment melanin, provides skin color and absorbs ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. They lie in stratum basale

Function of the skin include ?

Retarding water loss Body temperature regulation Sensory Reception Excretion

Functions of the skin include?

Retarding water loss, body temp, excretion

Two types of exocrine glands in the skin are

Sebaceous and swear

Importance of body temperature

Slight shifts can disrupt the rates of metabolic reactions.

Describe three physiological factors that affect skin color

State of blood vessels dilated vs not dilated, and temperature of room.

why is the ski capable of repair, even after serious damage?

Stem cells persist in both the epithelial and connective tissue

The epidermis is composed of a

Stratified squamous epithelium

Which is a function of the skeletal system

Support of the body, formation of blood cells, storage of minerals, provisions of levers for muscle action

Specialized skin sensory receptors include all of the following except

...

Functions of the subcutaneous layer?

Contains adipose tissue that acts as an insulator, contains major blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen to the skin.

Explain what happens to epidermal cells as they undergo keratinization?

Keratinocytes thicken and develop many desmosomes and begin to harden. As a result, many layers of tough, tightly packed dead cells accumulate in the epidermis forming stratum corneum.

Radiation

Main source of body heat loss, infrared heat rays escape from warmer surfaces to cooler surroundings.

Cells that produce pigment are called

Melanocytes

Describe the body's responses to decreasing body temperature.

Our boold pressure is lowerd to extremeties and all our heat goes to our core.

Function of sebaceous glands

They are holocrine glands that produce fatty material that accumulate. Helps keep hair and skin soft, pliable, and waterproof.

Explain how environmental factors affect skin color

They rapidly darken existing melanin and they stimulate melanocytes to produce more pigment and transfer it to nearby epidermal cells within a few days.

Sensory Nerves in the skin are responsible for monitoring

Touch, temperature, pain, pressure and more sensations...

Distinguish between a hair and a hair follicle

a hair folicle is the root of the hair which is located in the lower part of the dermis. It is also connected to the arrector pili muscle.