Integumentary system hw ex7

Thick skin of the epidermis contains __________ layers.

5

Which of these structures is properly matched with its mode of secretion? A; holocrine A; eccrine B; apocrine C; holocrine

A; holocrine

Which layer is composed primarily of dense irregular connective tissue? -A -B -C -D

C

Which structure is a type of sweat gland? -A -B -C -D

C (Structure C is an eccrine gland, the most abundant type of sweat or sudoriferous gland)

__________ is a yellow-orange pigment found in the stratum corneum and the hypodermis. -Hemoglobin -Keratin -Carotene -Melanin

Carotene

The skin has two distinct regions. The superficial layer is the __________ and the underlying connective tissue is the __________.

Epidermis (superficial), Dermis (underlying connective tissue)

What is true about the blood supply to the skin? -Both epidermis and dermis are richly vascularized. -Epidermis is avascular and dermis is richly vascularized. -Epidermis is richly vascularized and dermis is avascular. -Both epidermis and dermis are poorly vascularized.

Epidermis is avascular and dermis is richly vascularized.

What is the most common cell type in the epidermis? -keratinocytes -dendritic cells -fibroblasts -macrophages

Keratinocytes

Name the substance that protects the DNA of rapidly dividing skin cells from the damage caused by ultraviolet rays from the sun. -melanin -keratin -carotene -hemoglobin

Melanin

What is true about both the epidermis and the dermis? -Both are made of dense irregular connective tissue -They are highly vascular. -Each consists, in part, of dead and dying cells. -Sensory receptors are present in each.

Sensory receptors are present in each.

Which of the following correctly describes a common feature of all structures labeled A through D in the figure? -Structures A, B, C, and D are composed primarily of smooth muscle. -Structures A, B, C, and D are located in the dermis. -Structures A, B, C, and D are all various types of glands. -Structures A, B, C, and D are all involved in the sensory functions of the skin.

Structures A, B, C, and D are located in the dermis.

What is true about apocrine sweat glands? -They are located predominantly in axillary and genital areas. -They are important in temperature regulation. -They produce clear perspiration consisting primarily of water and salts. -They are distributed all over the body.

They are located predominantly in axillary and genital areas.

True or False - Nails originate from the epidermis.

True

Which of these epidermal layers would be LEAST likely to develop cancer?

a

Layer B is composed primarily of __________.

areolar connective tissue

The arrector pili muscle's predominant, useful function in humans is to ________.

assisting in the release sebum from nearby sebaceous glands

The word root melan- means _________.

black or dark

The word root mamm- means ____________.

breast

Burns are devastating and debilitating because of loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body. How do physicians estimate the extent of burn damage associated with such dangerous fluid loss?

by using the "rule of nines"

Skin cancer arising in the stratum basale is called basal cell ____________.

carcinoma

The hypodermis is ________. -composed primarily of adipose tissue -part of the dermis -the third region of the skin -part of the epidermis

composed primarily of adipose tissue

What is the structure indicated by label E?

dermal papilla

Pressure receptors, called lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles, are located in this layer of the integument. -dermal papillary layer -epidermal stratum spinosum -dermal reticular layer -epidermal stratum basale

dermal reticular layer

The ________ is often referred to as the cuticle of a nail. nail fold matrix eponychium lunule

eponychium

Joe just burned himself on a hot pot. and the burn is quite painful. Joe's burn would best be described as a third-degree burn. True or False?

false

Keratin protects skin cell DNA from the damaging effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Is this statement true or false?

false

The skin is not able to receive stimuli because the cells of the epidermis are not living and therefore there are no sensory receptors in the skin. True or False?

false

Thick skin has a more extensive dermal layer than thin skin. True or False?

false

When a patient is said to have "third-degree burns," this indicates that the patient has burns that cover approximately one-third or more of the body. True or False?

false

When an individual is exposed to extremely low air temperatures, the dermal blood vessels will dilate so that blood and heat will be dissipated. True or False?

false

Skin color can indicate certain disease states. A reddened, flushed face might indicate ________. -hypertension, fever, or embarrassment -liver disease -Addison's disease -poor oxygen in the blood due to lung disease

hypertension, fever, or embarrassment

The region beneath the free edge of the nail is called the ________. -hyponychium -eponychium -nail bed -lunule

hyponychium

In addition to protection (physical and chemical barrier), the skin serves other functions. Which of the following is another vital function of the skin?

it converts modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursor important to calcium metabolism.

These are the most abundant epidermal cells. -melanocytes -keratinocytes -tactile cells -dendritic cells

keratinocytes

Which layer is composed primarily of dense irregular connective tissue?

layer c consists primarily of dense, interwoven fibers of collagen designed to resist tearing from any direction.

Milk-producing glands in the breast are ________________.

mammary glands.

This region of the nail is responsible for nail growth. -nail body -nail matrix -nail bed -nail root

nail matrix

What are the most important factors influencing hair growth?

nutrition and hormones

Which type of cell is NOT found in the epidermis?

pain receptors

This layer of the dermis is responsible for fingerprints. ANSWER: -deep stratum basale -reticular layer -areolar layer -papillary layer

papillary layer

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the epidermis?

reticular layer

The ducts of __________ glands usually empty into a hair follicle but may also open directly on the skin surface. -sweat -sebaceous

sebaceous

These glands are found all over the skin except in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. They produce an oily substance that lubricates skin and hair. -apocrine sweat glands -eccrine sweat glands -sebaceous glands -endocrine glands

sebaceous glands

The portion of a hair that projects from the scalp surface is known as the __________. -bulb -root -matrix -shaft

shaft

The portion of a hair that projects from the scalp surface is known as the __________. -root -shaft -bulb -matrix

shaft

All the following are functions of the skin EXCEPT __________. -insulation -site of vitamin A synthesis -protection from mechanical damage -excretion of body wastes

site of vitamin A synthesis

The word root derm- means ______.

skin

Like all epithelial membranes, the skin has an epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer. The keratinized epithelial and connective tissues are ________. -stratified cuboidal and dense regular -simple squamous and areolar -stratified columnar and reticular -stratified squamous and dense irregular

stratified squamous and dense irregular

Pigment can be found in several layers of the epidermis. In which layers would you expect to find the cells that produce melanin?

stratum basale

Which layer of the epidermis will be supplied with the highest levels of oxygen from the blood?

stratum basale

The cells in this layer of epidermis are dead, and their flat, scale-like remnants are filled with keratin. -stratum spinosum -stratum granulosum -stratum basale -stratum corneum

stratum corneum

The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the __________. -stratum corneum -stratum spinosum -stratum granulosum -stratum basale

stratum corneum

Which layer of skin is LEAST protected by melanin?

stratum corneum

Which of the following terms describes layer D?

subcutaneous

What is the function of the structure at A? -to lubricate hair and prevent infection -to detect touch -to cool the body -to provide nourishment for the cells in the hair

to lubricate hair and prevent infection

Which of these is NOT a function of the layer at D?

to supply cells to replace those lost from the epidermis

Which of these is NOT a function of the layer at D? -to supply cells to replace those lost from the epidermis -to insulate the body from heat loss -to store energy -to loosely connect the skin to underlying tissue

to supply cells to replace those lost from the epidermis (The hypodermis does not perform this function. Cells to replace those lost in the epidermis are provided by the basal cells of the epidermis itself)

Layer B is composed primarily of __________. -areolar connective tissue -dense irregular connective tissue -dense regular connective tissue -simple squamous epithelium

Areolar connective tissue (The loose connective tissue within the papillary layer of the dermis is rich in blood vessels and cells that function in the body's defenses)

__________ is a yellow-orange pigment found in the stratum corneum and the hypodermis. -Hemoglobin -Melanin -Keratin -Carotene

Carotene

Vitiligo is a disorder in which the pigmentation of the skin is uneven, resulting in white patches. Recent research suggests that vitiligo might be an autoimmune disorder. Which cells would you expect to be most affected? -Tactile cells -Keratinocytes -Dendritic cells -Melanocytes

Melanocytes

This structure located in the epidermis serves as a tactile (touch) receptor. -root hair plexus -lamellar corpuscle -Merkel cell -Langerhans cell

Merkel cell

The ________ is the structure responsible for goose bumps. -lamellar corpuscle -sebaceous gland -arrector pili -hair follicle

arrector pili

Layers B and C collectively form the __________.

dermis

Layers B and C collectively form the __________. -hypodermis -dermis -epidermis -subcutaneous layer

dermis

A surgeon opens her patient by cutting the integument parallel to the cleavage lines of the dermis (tension lines). This will result in ________.

faster healing of the skin and less scarring

A freckle is a concentrated spot of this pigment. ANSWER: -keratin -cyano -melanin -carotene

melanin

Which skin pigment is made in the skin as a natural defense against UV radiation?

melanin

The cells that produce melanin are ___________.

melanocytes

Which structure is a type of sweat gland?

structure c (is an eccrine gland, the most abundant type of sweat (sudoriferous) gland)

An injection given under the skin is a _________________ injection.

subcutaneous

Which of the following terms describes layer D? -epidermal -reticular -subcutaneous -papillary

subcutaneous

Which of the following is not a function of the skin? -preventing dehydration -helping regulate temperature -synthesizing vitamin C -protection

synthesizing vitamin C

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? -Keratinocytes produce a fibrous protein to protect the epidermis. -Tactile cells anchor the skin to the body. -Langerhans cells activate the immune system. -Melanin provides protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

tactile cells anchor the skin to the body.

The word root -oma means _________.

tumor

The word root sub- means ________.

under, below, or beneath

Which of the following pigments is not involved in determining skin color? -melanin produced by skin cells -red pigments in blood -carotene from carrots and yellow vegetables -white pigments in skin cells

white pigments in skin cells

Cell division would be most common among cells in which of the labeled layers? -A -B -C -D

D (Cells migrate upwards through the epidermis after being generated by mitosis in the stratum basale.)

Keratinase is an enzyme produced by dermatophytes. Which organ and/or structure in the body would these pathogenic fungi tend to proliferate in? -Hair -Skin -Nails -Skin, hair, and nails

Skin, hair, and nails

What is the structure indicated by label E? -a dermal papilla -the hypodermis -the stratum corneum -a hair root

a dermal papilla (Dermal papillae are projections of the dermis that form indentations in the overlying epidermis)

A Caucasian patient with pale skin is treated for low blood pressure with medication that elevates the blood pressure; however, the skin's pallor does not change. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the pallor in this patient?

anemia

The deep layer of skin is called the __________.

dermis

What is the function of structure B? -detection of pressure stimulus -storage of fat -production of defensive chemicals -secretion of sweat

detection of pressure stimulus (Structure B is a lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscle that responds to cutaneous contacts involving deep pressure.)

This accessory organ of the skin is composed primarily of dead, keratinized cells. -sebaceous gland -eccrine gland -hair -apocrine gland

hair

Which stratum of the epidermis contains the stem cells responsible for regenerating the more superficial layers?`

stratum basale

This layer of the epidermis contains translucent cells filled with keratin fibrils. It is found only in thick skin. -stratum spinosum -stratum basale -stratum lucidum -stratum granulosum -stratum corneum

stratum lucidum

William has a cut that is superficial, painful but not bleeding. Based on this information you would predict that the cut has penetrated to ________.

the stratum basale but not the dermal layers

What feature of the prickle cells in layer C causes them to have pointy projections after tissue preparation? -glycolipids that make the layer waterproof -the rigidity of the cell membrane -their desmosome attachments -pulling by shrunken keratin fibers between the cells

their desmosome attachments

A physician is often able to detect homeostatic imbalances in the body by observing changes in the skin color. True or False?

true

Hair growth and density are influenced by hormones, nutrition, and, in some cases, lifestyle. True or False?

true

__________ glands are found primarily in the genital and axillary areas. - Eccrine - Apocrine

Apocrine

What is not true about cutaneous glands, hair, and nails? (key word: NOT, it wasn't bolded/capitalized in the question so be careful) -They are accessory structures of the skin. -They are derived from epithelial tissue. -They are made up entirely of dead cells. -They reside in the dermis.

They are made up entirely of dead cells.

Which of the statements below is true for both eccrine and apocrine glands? -They are involved in temperature regulation. -They produce sweat. -Their sweat contains water, salts, proteins, and fats. -They may have a pheromone-producing function.

They produce sweat.

Which of the following correctly describes a common feature of all structures labeled A through D in the figure?

each of the labeled structures is located within the dermal layer of the skin.

Skin color is determined by the degree of oxygenation of the blood and the relative amounts of these two pigments. -carotene and hemoglobin -hemoglobin and melanin -keratin and melanin -melanin and carotene

melanin and carotene

Which skin-color-associated, pigment-producing cell is located in the labeled layer D? -Merkel cell -fibroblast -melanocyte -keratinocyte

melanocyte

These cells produce a brown-to-black pigment that colors the skin and protects DNA from ultraviolet radiation damage. The cells are __________. -melanocytes -dendritic cells -tactile cells -keratinocytes

melanocytes

From deep to superficial, the layers of the epidermis of thin skin are ________. (DEEP to Superficial, be careful with how they word it) -stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale -stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum corneum, stratum basale -stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum -stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum corneum, stratum granulosum

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum

The apocrine sweat glands are fairly unimportant in thermoregulation. True or False?

true