intermolecular forces
London dispersion forces
-attraction between 2 instantaneous dipoles -asymmetrical electron distribution -all atoms & molecules relative strength : weak -increases in strength as molar mass increases
dipole-dipole forces
-attraction between 2 permanent dipoles -polar molecules relative strength : medium -stronger when molecules are closer together
hydrogen bonding
-attraction between molecules with N-H, O-H, & F-H bonds -extremely polar bonds --> very strong dipole-dipole force relative strength : strong -NOT CHEMICAL BONDING
intermolecular forces
forces of attraction between molecules
bonds
no ______________ are broken when a molecular substance changes state
ions, ionic, forces
the forces holding _____ together in _________ solids are ionic electrostatic forces. opposite charges attract each other. these are the strongest intraparticle __________
higher
the more polar the molecule, the _______________ its boiling point
stronger
the more polar the molecule, the __________________ its intermolecular forces
London Dispersion Forces
the strongest intermolecular forces in a sample of oxygen gas are the __________________
intermolecular forces are forces that exist between molecules. intramolecular forces are forces that hold atoms together within a molecule.
what is the difference between intermolecular forces and intramolecular forces?
the greater the element weighs, the higher the boiling point is. the intermolecular forces are stronger in these compounds
what is the relationship between molecular weight and boiling point?
unchanged
when a molecular substance changes state, the atoms within the molecules are ________________
nonpolar
C2H6
nonpolar
CH4
polar
H2O
polar
HCl
polar
HF
unequal, charges
__________ sharing of electrons in a molecule results in the formation of partial _______________ on the molecule
dipole
a ___________ occurs because one part of a molecule has a partial positive charge while another part of a molecule has a partial negative charge
increases
as the molar mass of a compound increases, the strength of its intermolecular forces ________________
F, O, N
compounds containing a hydrogen atom bonded to the elements __, ___, ___, form very strong intermolecular forces. These forces are called hydrogen bonds.
hydrogen bonding in H2O occurs between a hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the unshared pair of electrons an oxygen atom of the other water molecule. it is a particularly strong type of intermolecular force. hydrogen bonding causes the boiling point of the water to increase and so is the molar mass
describe hydrogen bonding as it occurs in water in terms of the location of the bond, the particles involved, the strength of the bond, and the effects this type of bonding has on physical and chemical properties.