International Business 3
Content oriented theories examine motivation in more general terms and are more useful in creating a composite picture of employee motivation in ____.
A particular country or region
Conglomerate investments usually are rated as low risk because foreign governments see them as providing fewer benefits to a multinational company and greater benefits to the country than other investments
False
Consent oriented theories tend to focus on individual behavior in specific settings and are more sophisticated than process theories.
False
Examples of ownership-control risks include tariffs on exports and imports, as well as restrictions on exports.
False
Firms with technology that is not available to the government should the firm be taken over have higher risk than those with technology that is easily acquired.
False
In general, although the process for motivation varies across cultures, the content remains the same from one culture to another
False
In the two factor theory of motivation the factors known as motivators relate mainly to Maslows lower level needs
False
International political developments have a major impact on MNCs strategic plans, and domestic political developments have a minor impact on those plans
False
Local knowledge can be internalized primarily as a result of an MNC operating in that market
False
Macro risk has been losing importance in the recent years because a growing number of countries are able to successfully transition into a market-driven economy.
False
Macro risk issues often take such forms as industry regulations, taxes of specific types of business activity and various restrictive local laws
False
One of the characteristics of high achievers identified by researchers is their tendency to be team players.
False
The culture of a nation is the sole factor that influences the degree and type of work centrality within a country
False
The desire for absence of pain is a physiological need according to Maslows hierarchy of needs
False
The difference between a science-based industry and a non-science based industry is that a non-science based industry requires the continuous introduction of new products or services.
False
The drive to satisfy safety needs is greater than the drive to satisfy any other type of need
False
The expectancy theory focuses on how motivation is affected by peoples perception of how fairly they are treated
False
The service sector of economic activity includes agriculture, forestry, and mineral exploration and extraction
False
The value of goal setting remain intact across cultures
False
When host governments do not require alliances as a condition for entry many MNCs:
Find that having an alliance is advantageous to their entry and expansion
Which of the following statements is true about expropriation>
Firms at the greatest risk are in extractive, agricultural, or infrastructural industries such as utilities and transportation
In the context of the special nature of foreign direct investment, primary sector industries usually have the highest risk factor, service sector industries have the next highest, and industrial sector industries have the lowest
True
In the context of work motivation the factors that are controlled by an organization relate more to maslows lower level needs
True
Which of the following is a salient feature of horizontal investments
They involve the production of goods or services that are the same as those at home
A shortcoming of the equity theory is that is it appears to be culture bound
True
Alliances are an arena where both value-claiming activities and value-creating activities take place
True
Collaboration facilitates rapid market entry by allowing firms to share costs and risks, combine product and market complementaries, and reduce the time-to-market
True
Firms in countries where individualism is low often feel that merit based reward systems are too disruptive of their corporate culture and traditional values
True
Geert Hofstede found that job categories are a more effective way of examining motivation than need-satisfaction profiles
True
In the context of the special nature of foreign direct investment, patterns of ownership relate to whether businesses are wholly or partially owned
True
Micro political risk analysis is directed towards government policies and actions that influence selected sectors of the economy or specific foreign business.
True
Policy and control mechanism, along with awareness of the historical treatment of MNCs within certain nations, allows firms to evaluate the inherent risk of doing business in those countries
True
Process theories of work motivation explain how employee behavior is initiated redirected and halted
True
Recent research reports that EU workers see a strong relationship between how well they do their jobs and the ability to get what they want out of life.
True
Research shows that people throughout the world have needs that are similar to those described in Maslows need hierarchy
True
Terrorism is the use of force or violence against others to promote political or social views
True
Work centrality is the ratio of time a person spends carrying out the core duties of his job to the amount of time he spends on executing non-essential duties related to the job
True
The primary sector of economic activity includes:
agriculture, forestry, and mineral exploration and extraction
According to the two-factor theory of motivation, taking care of hygiene factors could lead to
an increase in satisfaction
As discovered by researchers, high achievement needs can be developed in people by teaching them how to:
daydream in positive terms
Which of the following hygiene factors was regarded as a source of satisfaction rather than dissatisfaction in a study that tested Herzberg theory in an Israeli kibbutz
interpersonal relations
In work motivation, factors controlled by the organizations such as hours, earnings, security, benefits, and promotions are referred to as
job-context factors
The importance of work in an individuals life relative to other areas of interest is referred to as
work centrality
Abraham maslow postulated that everyone has six basic needs
False
The achievement motivation theory holds that the need for achievement is innate
False
Benefits of proactive political strategies include all of the following except:
Providing support for national and sub-central governments in transitional economies
Some multinational corporations attempt to manage political risk through simultaneously analyzing a range of variables to derive an overall rating of the degree of political risk in a given jurisdiction. This is referred to as a:
Quantification process
According to the 2012 Transparency International Corruption Perceptions index, which of the following nations is the most corrupt
Somalia
Which of the following is not a critical business issue for successful termination of international alliances?
Rights over sales territories and obligations to customers
Which of the following needs is correctly matched with its description 2
Safety needs the desires for security, stability, and the absence of pain
In the two factor motivation theory, job context variable such as salary interpersonal relations, technical supervision work confiscation and company policies and administration are referred to as hygiene factors
True
Vertical investments run the risk of being taken over by government because they are export-oriented and governments like a business that helps it to generate foreign capital.
True
Tensions continue to rise as U.S. politicians have become frustrated by China's unwillingness to revalue the yuan, and concerns have grown over the safety of goods imported from China.
Tue
In China _____ is an important need and _____ is a goal
group affiliation, harmony
The ratings factors that are quantified for multinational companies to manage political risk reflect all of the following except _____.
social conditions
Which of the following is a content theory of work motivation
the hierarchy of needs theory
A true statement about horizontal investments is that:
they are unlikely to be takeover targets because these investments typically are made with an eye toward satisfying the host countrys market demands
Political risks can be broken down into three basic categories, these are:
transfer risks, operational risks, and ownership-control risks
The factors Welsh, Luthans, and Sommer observed among the Russian workforce that seemed to increase worker performance are
value of extrinsic reward and participative techniques
_____ designs are job designs that blend personnel and technology.
sociotechnical
A workers quality of work life is directly related to his or her countrys
culture
Comprehensive political strategies are most important in stable policy environments.
False
According to survey results, which of the following is the least important goal for professional technical personnel from various countries?
A successful company
_____ theory holds that individuals can have a need to get ahead to attain success and to reach objectives
Achievement motivation
Multinational companies can minimize their chances of expropriation by _____.
Acquiring an affiliate that depends on the parent company for key areas of operation
_______ tends to occur once and often has poorly defined objectives, and therefore members are not as committed.
Amateur terrorism
Which of the following statements is true of the impact of domestic and international political developments on multinational companies.
As government policies change, it is imperative that multinational companies be willing and able to adjust their strategies and practices to accommodate new perspectives.
All of the following actions raise the political risk of doing business in China except ________.
Concerns on safety and reliability of product quality
Which of the following factors would be classified as a motivator as per Herzbergs two-factor theory of motivation?
Career advancement
Which of the following is not an example of risk factors for a multinational company?
Complying with contractual terms of agreements
Which of the following is an example of an integrative technique for responding to political risk?
Creating joint ventures and hiring local people to manage and run operations
Which of the following is an example of a protective and defensive technique for responding to a political risk
Doing as little local manufacturing as possible and conducting all research and development outside the country
Examples of proactive political strategies include all of the following except _____:
Downsizing and transferring business elsewhere
Which of the following criteria involves maximum political risk
Effectiveness of public administration
Expectancy theory postulates all of the following except that
Employees are controlled by their external environment
Which of the following theories states that the belief held by people that they are not being treated fairly has a negative effect on their job performance
Equity theory
Which of the following is an external economic relations factor that multinational companies may use to evaluate political risk
Freedom to setup or engage in partnerships
Which researcher concluded that "the Herzberg model appears to have validity across occupational levels"?
George Hines
Which of the following is a quality of high achievers identified by researchers
High achievers want concrete feedback on their performance
"Balance in synergy" would require a moving away from all of the following except:
Holistic and idealistic thinking
Which of the following is a true statement of the to the quality of work life in Japan
In Japan, there is strong uncertainty avoidance
A salient feature of vertical investments is that they:
Include the production of raw materials or intermediate goods that are to be processed into final products
_______ techniques are designed to help the overseas operation become part of the host countrys infrastructure
Integrative
Identify a true statement about classic terrorism
It entails a specific, well-defined objective pursued by well-trained, professional, underground members.
Which of the following is true of a conglomerate investment
It is a type of high risk investment in which goods or services produced are different from those produced at home
Which of the following statements is true of the impact of terrorism within a country on multinational companies in the macro sense?
It is extremely difficult to guarantee that companies can fully avoid harm from terrorism, but political risk analysis and preparation may forestall it
_____ consists of a job's content, the methods that are used on the job and the way in which the job relates to others in the organization.
Job design
In work motivation, factors internally controlled, such as responsibility, achievement, and the work itself are referred to as _____.
Job-content factors
A basic assumption of Maslows theory is that:
Lower level needs must be satisfied before higher level needs become motivators
Which of the following needs is correctly matched with its description 1
Physiological needs consist of the needs for food, clothing, shelter, and other basic, physical needs.
China's decision regarding restrictions on foreign exchange transactions is a _____ political risk because it affects all MNCs.
Macro
In recent years, _______ risk analysis has become of increasing concern to multinational companies because of the growing number of countries that are finding their economies in trouble as in Southeast Asia or, even worse, unable to make the transition to a market-driven economy
Macro
The economies of China, Russia, India and Vietnam present _____ political risk for MNCs.
Macro
________ reviews major political decisions that are likely to affect all businesses conducted in a particular country
Macro political risk analysis
The industrial sector of economic activity includes
Manufacturing operations
Chinas government policies regarding investment in the telecommunications industry fall into the ______ political risk category.
Micro
_________ risk issues often take forms such as industry regulation, taxes on specific types of business activity, and various restrictive local laws
Micro
__________ is a psychological process through which unsatisfied wants or needs lead to drives that are aimed at goals or incentives
Motivation
According to the 2012 Transparency International Corruption Perceptions index, which of the following nations is the least corrupt
New Zealand
Price controls, financing restrictions, export commitments, taxes, and local-sourcing requirements are examples of ____.
Operational risks
Identify a true statement about protective strategies for responding to political risks.
Organizations with an emphasis on innovative technology prefer a protective technique as a way to safeguard actions such as counterfeiting
_____ risks are brought about by government policies or actions that inhibit ownership or control of local operations.
Ownership-control
Foreign ownership limitations, pressure for local participation, confiscation, expropriation, and abrogation of property rights are examples of _____.
Ownership-control risks
Which of the following is not a critical legal issue for successful termination of international alliances?
People-related issues
The following are listed as techniques for responding to political risks except:
Realistic bargaining power analysis
Maslow postulated that everyone has five basic needs, which constitute a need hierarchy. In ascending order, beginning with the most basic, they are:
Physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization needs
Not all MNCs are confident about international investment in countries with:
Political unrest
In their attempts to forestall harm in risky venues, multinational companies must thoroughly evaluate the political environment, install modern security systems, compile a crisis handbook, and ______.
Prepare employees for situations that may arise.
Broadly, ______ strategies may include leveraging bilateral, regional, and international trade and investment agreements, drawing on bilateral and multilateral financial support, and using project finance structures to separate project exposure from overall firm risk.
Proactive political
The theory behind _____ is quite simple. The MNC works to maintain a stronger bargaining power position than that of the host country.
Relative bargaining power
According to Herzbergs two-factor theory, which of the following conditions is necessary for employee satisfaction?
The presence of motivators
The needs to interact and affiliate with others are included in
social needs
Which of the following cultural differences tends to be more disruptive for international joint ventures than others?
Uncertainty avoidance
One of the generally agreed on starting assumptions about work motivation in the international arena is that the motivation process is
Universal
Which of the following statements is true regarding the goal setting theory
Unlike many theories of motivation, it has been continually refined and developed.
According to a study on work motivation conducted in Zambia, which of the following is a factor that adds to work motivation?
Work nature
In the Haire groups study on Maslows need hierarchy, esteem needs were divided into two groups; esteem and _____.
autonomy
Nevis suggested that a Chinese hierarchy of needs would have four levels, which from lowest to highest would be:
belonging, physiological, safety, and self actualization in the service of society
A criticism of Herzbergs theory is that it
classifies money as a hygiene factor
Researchers have suggested that maslows theory needs a collectivist perspective
collectivist perspective
Work motivation theories can be broken down into two general categories, which are:
content and process
Work motivation in terms of what arouses, energizes, or initiates employee behavior are explained by
content theories
Most research in international human resource management has been _____, because these theories examine motivation in more general terms and are more useful in creating a composite picture of employee motivation in a particular country or region.
content-oriented
MNCs would be wise to apply motivation-hygiene theory on _______ basis.
country-by-country or a regional
Hofstedes research shows that ___ needs rank highest for professionals and managers
esteem and self-actualization
The needs for power and status are included in
esteem needs
The seizure of businesses by a host country with little, if any, compensation to the owners is referred to as _____.
expropriation
Use of _____ to motivate employees is very common in countries with high individualism.
financial incentives
Which of the following is a reason why workers in America and Japan work long hours
high cost of living
The two-factor theory of motivation holds that two sets of factors influence job satisfaction. These are ______.
hygiene factors and motivators
Laws that require that nations hold a majority interest in the operation are known as ______.
indigenization laws
According to the two-factor theory, efforts to motivate human resources must provide recognition, a chance to achieve and grow, advancement, and _____.
interesting work
The three basic elements in the process of motivation are
needs, drives, and goal attainment
Researchers like Hofstede recommend that MNCs should focus on giving ___ to their lower level personnel in different countries
physical rewards
A number of research efforts have been undertaken to replicate the two-factor theory, and in the main, they_____.
support Herzbergs findings
Based on survey results, the top-ranking goal for professional technical personnel from various countries is ____.
training