International Business Chapter 4: Differences in Culture

When the new neighbors moved in, Naghma told her family it would be appropriate for them to make a batch of cookies and take them over to the neighbors and introduce themselves. This social convention is an example of a(n) _____.

folkway

What are three of the dimensions Hofstede identified and studied? (Check all that apply.)

individualism vs collectivism, power distance, and masculinity vs femininity

According to Hofstede, if the ties between people are loose, it is most likely a sign of a(n) ______ society.

individualistic

The expectation that students shouldn't cheat on exams is an example of a cultural

norm

______ supply the standards and models for acceptable behavior in a society.

norms

In the ______ dimension by Hofstede, it is recognized that people are not equal in physical and intellectual capabilities.

power distance

______ is the Hofstede dimension that describes the extent to which individuals do not have the same levels of physical and intellectual capability.

power distance

In historic British society, who was included in the middle class?

those who worked in professional occupations

True or False: While religion can influence the values and norms of society, the values and norms of society can also impact religion.

true

True or false: A sociologist would disagree with the idea that the British class system has dissolved.

true

Within a society, honesty would be considered a general ______.

value

What a group of people believe to be good, right, and desirable is the definition of

values

What are the four principles of social stratification?

1) social stratification is generally universal 2) social stratification carries over to the next generation 3) social stratification involves beliefs as well as inequality 4) social stratification is a trait of society

What is considered an acceptable distance between people in the U.S.?

5-8 feet

A system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living is called

culture

Hofstede studied how ______ relates to values in the workplace.

culture

In parts of Canada, you will find both English-speaking communities and French-speaking communities. This illustrates that language helps shape the way people perceive the world, and it also helps define ______.

culture

What are three of the determinants of culture?

economic philosophy, political philosophy and social structure

According to Hofstede, societies with strict codes of behavior, rules, and laws score ______ on the uncertainty avoidance index.

high

The _____ degree of social mobility in the U.S. limits the impact of class background on business operations.

high

In most Western societies the ______ is emphasized, whereas in Japan the _____ is more important.

individual; group

A caste system is a type of social structure that divides people on the basis of _____.

inherited social status

In Japan, most people perceive themselves to be middle class; therefore, class background has ______ impact on business operations.

less

According to Hofstede, in a _____ culture, sex roles are sharply differentiated.

masculine

The Hofstede dimension that looks at the relationship between gender and work roles is

masculinity versus femininity

In a given society, the extent to which people can move up and down the class system is known as social

mobility

Unspoken language is another way to describe ______ communication.

nonverbal

In the United States, a person accused of a crime is considered innocent until proven guilty. This guideline is an example of a _____.

norm

What is part of the "hidden curriculum" of schools? (Check all that apply.)

obedience to authority, being on time, respect for others

The movement of the members of a particular society in terms of their social status from one group to another is an example of

social mobility

A class system is characterized by the fact that a person can move from one ______ to another.

social strata

All societies are divided on a hierarchical basis into social categories called _____.

social strata

The _____ of a society refers to how it is organized in terms of its values, norms, and societal relationships.

social structure

The basic social organization of a society is known as social _____.

structure

True or false: Education provides a competitive economic advantage through the creation of a pool of skilled and educated workers.

true

True or false: Historically, the British class system prevented people from moving up in society.

true

True or false: Spoken language not only allows people to communicate with each other, but structures the way people perceive the world.

true

What is the Hofstede dimension that measures a society's tolerance for ambiguity?

uncertainty avoidance

In a caste system, change in position is _____ during one's lifetime.

usually not possible

When the voters were asked their opinion on the death penalty, the majority of the people responded that it wasn't right and should be eliminated. Their opinion is a reflection of their _____.

values

True or false: Folkways are atypical morally significant actions in everyday life.

false

How would sociologists describe the class system in British society today?

the class system still exists and "money still begets money"

______ are norms that are more widely observed and are often so important they are enacted in law.

mores

In business, mores have _____ significance than folkways.

much greater

The Hofstede dimension that is focused on the degree to which people in a society are integrated into groups is

individualism versus collectivism

There is a need for every business in the international marketplace to understand the prevailing culture in the countries that they are doing business in. This is known as

cross-cultural literacy

Culture that is defined as a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living stems from the work of which expert?

Hofstede

In Japanese society today, it is common for a person's social status to be associated with his or her

business

Understanding how cultural differences across and within nations affect the way business is practiced is known as ______ literacy.

cross-cultural

Mallory grew up in a rural community and she knows that even though she has a master's degree in finance, she will always be considered a "country bumpkin" in her society. Her thoughts reflect the idea of _____.

class consciousness

The ______ system is a less rigid form of social stratification than the _____ system.

class; caste

Class ______ is an awareness of one's social or economic rank in society.

consciousness