International Developments in the Post-War World - World History

Given that Japan was left with minimal defenses after the war, how has it protected itself?

(NOT) Allied forces coordinate protection.

If the imperial dynasty had continued to rule China, it is most likely that

(NOT) Communism would not have received support among the poor.

Read the line from a speech by Winston Churchill in 1946. An iron curtain has descended across the continent. Which best summarizes the meaning of Churchill's statement?

(NOT) The Berlin Wall separates East Germany from West Germany.

Which description best characterized the divisions within Guatemalan society during much of the civil war?

(NOT) a struggle between corporate and public interests

In 1966, Mao Zedong launched the Cultural Revolution in China in response to new

(NOT) democratic policies that threatened social equality.

Which term best describes the intended effects of Deng's educational reforms?

(NOT) restructured

China implemented the one-child policy in 1979 because the population was expected to exceed ______________________ people by the early 1980s.

1 billion

In the era immediately following the coup that overthrew Jacobo Árbenz in 1954, how did the United States maintain its influence in Guatemala?

A CIA appointee headed the new dictatorship.

Which best describes how economic growth has changed Japanese society since the US occupation?

A sizeable middle class has developed.

In what way did the political situation in Vietnam resemble that of Korea in the 1950s?

Both Vietnam and Korea were divided into a Communist North and a non-Communist South.

During World War II, what happened between the Communists and Nationalists in China?

Both sides agreed to stop fighting each other until World War II ended.

What contributed to the downfall of China's republic?

China's presidents did not have enough power.

President Kennedy gave his "Ich bin ein Berliner" speech at a time when

Cold War tensions over Berlin were at their height.

Which best describes why Stalin believed that having satellite states would help prevent future wars?

Communism would make inequality a less likely source of conflict.

The Korean War began in 1950 when the

Communist North attacked the non-Communist South

Which body drafts legislation in China?

Communist Party

How did the Japanese economy benefit from the Korean War? Check all that apply.

Factories reopened. Jobs were created. Infrastructure was rebuilt.

_______________ was divided into two countries, one democratic and one communist, after World War II.

Germany

As Chinese leader, what did Mao Zedong accomplish?

He redistributed land in the countryside to farmers.

The first Five-Year Plan was considered a success in what way?

Industrial output rose as China's economy transformed into a communist system.

How did the Soviet Union try to ensure that satellite states would follow its policies?

It controlled local communist governments.

How did land reform affect the power structure of Japanese society?

It increased the power of the poor.

How did allowing private ownership of businesses change trade and industry in China?

It took some control away from the state.

Why did Secretary of State George Marshall think it was important for postwar Europe to be stable and prosperous?

It would be more likely to reject communism.

Which of these is a demographic shift that has resulted from China's one-child policy?

increasing average age

What was Ronald Reagan's strategy for helping the United States win the Cold War?

increasing military spending

Based on his leadership style in the Soviet Union, which would Leonid Brezhnev most likely have favored? Select four answers.

increasing military strength expanding space programs government control of the economy stopping uprisings in Eastern Europe

The Cold War was a period of __________________ between the United States and the Soviet Union.

indirect conflict

Today, most of the government reforms made during the US occupation of Japan have been

maintained

In a command economy, people are not free to

make production or monetary choices.

Which type of organization has been important to China's economic development?

multinational corporations

One reform Khrushchev instituted was to

open the country to foreign visitors.

The Red Guards carried out the Cultural Revolution by

persecuting intellectuals and government officials.

The Soviet Union established satellite states in Eastern Europe because it wanted

protection against another invasion.

The mujahideen were fighters in Afghanistan who

rebelled against the communists.

The two superpowers that opposed each other during the Cold War were the United States and

the Soviet Union

Which country launched the first satellite into outer space?

the Soviet Union

Who supported the Nationalist Party in the Chinese Civil War?

the United States

What happened in 1976 that ended the Cultural Revolution?

the death of Mao Zedong

The Chinese government exerts control over daily life in China. For example, it strictly controls access to________________________, leading some to call these restrictions "The Great Firewall of China."

the internet

Which best describes why the United States tried to strengthen democracy on a global scale during the Cold War?

to achieve cooperation and security

What was Khrushchev's immediate goal in the space race?

to be able to spy on other countries

Immediately after the war, what was the United States' first priority in Japan?

to distribute food

What was the main reason Khrushchev called for increased agricultural output?

to improve the standard of living

Which best describes why the Soviet Union established buffer states around its borders?

to protect itself from direct invasion

Why were fallout shelters built during the Cold War?

to provide safety in case of a nuclear attack

Where were some of China's brightest people sent during the Cultural Revolution?

to reeducation camps

What was the main purpose of the SALT treaties?

to slow down the arms race

During the Cold War, what was the Soviet Union's main objective in engaging in proxy wars against the United States?

to spread communism

During the Berlin crisis, both the United States and the Soviet Union feared that the other side would

try to take control of the entire city of Berlin.

Sun Yat-sen promoted nationalism in China because he

wanted the Chinese people to feel pride in their country.

Tensions rose as the two opposing superpowers competed for

weapons

Which best describes why new Chinese education policies focused on developing skilled workers?

Skilled workers were needed to bolster industry and the economy.

Which of the following did the Revolution of 1911 achieve in China? Check all that apply.

The Revolution of 1911 established a republic. The Revolution of 1911 ended imperialist rule.

The graph shows the growth of national income in the Soviet Union between 1960 and 1985. What is the best conclusion that can be drawn from this graph?

The Soviet economy was stagnating under Brezhnev's leadership.

Why did President Jimmy Carter believe that the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan posed a significant threat?

The Soviet invasion was likely to expand into neighboring countries.

What was the primary reason Nagy was removed as prime minister of Hungary?

The Soviets wanted to reverse democratic reforms.

How did the U.S. role in the Nicaraguan civil war change in 1982?

The U.S. government stopped official funding for the Contras.

The aim of the ________________________ was to limit the Soviet Union's power and influence and to stop the spread of communism.

US containment policy

The line graph shows US defense spending from 1946 to 1968. Which of the following statements best explains this graph?

US defense spending declined after World War II but increased as the Cold War heated up.

Which Cold War event happened last?

Vietnam war ends

Which of these were results of the arms race? Check all that apply.

World tensions increased. More-destructive weapons were created. Nuclear energy was developed as a power source. ICBMs were developed.

What is a warlord?

a military leader who rules a small area by force

When Leonid Brezhnev took control of the Soviet Union in 1964, the Cold War with the United States was

at its height.

How did the Soviet Union respond to the Allies' occupation of part of Berlin in 1948?

by blockading West Berlin

Which term best describes the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War?

competitive

The goal of both the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan was to

contain the spread of communism.

A reason that the United States and its allies formed NATO was to

defend member nations against Communist attacks.

A period of relaxed tension between two opposing sides that still disagree is known as

detente

Which statement accurately describes China after the Civil War?

The island of Taiwan became known as the Republic of China.

Which best describes how a proxy war differs from a traditional war?

The opposing powers in a proxy war use others to fight on their behalf.

Which most likely explains why families in rural areas may have two children under the one-child policy?

Their families require extra help on the family farm.

What is similar about the US and Japanese government structures?

They both have a bicameral legislature.

Which of these most likely explains why people in the Eastern Bloc had little contact with the West?

They could not travel freely.

Under Khrushchev, how did the USSR proceed in the arms race with the US?

They developed new and powerful weapons.

What was the primary reason the Soviets reacted so aggressively to reform attempts?

They feared losing control over large parts of Eastern Europe.

How were Brezhnev and Stalin similar?

They increased censorship of arts and literature.

How were Dubček and Nagy similar?

They made serious efforts to improve their countries.

What is the primary reason satellite states adopted Khrushchev's reforms?

They wanted to go back to a more-democratic government.

The image shows people holding pictures of Mao Zedong during the Cultural Revolution. What does the image most likely reveal about the people's attitude toward their leader?

They were captivated by Chairman Mao's cult of personality.

Which of these were true of the Sandinistas? Select three options.

They were led by Daniel Ortega. They received aid from the USSR. They supported revolutions in El Salvador.

Today, Japan is considered a

highly developed country

The closest the world came to war during the Cold War was when the Soviet Union placed missiles on the Caribbean island of

Cuba

What caused relations between the United States and the Soviet Union to begin to change in the early 1980s? Select two answers.

Leonid Brezhnev died. Ronald Reagan became president.

The first Five-Year Plan, based on ______________________ principles, reshaped China's economy.

Marxist

This political cartoon was published in 1980. The main message of the cartoon is that

Muslim rebels are resisting the invading Soviet forces.

The student militias that carried out the Cultural Revolution were known as the

Red Guards.

Which best explains why the Cultural Revolution was a setback to China's modernization?

The government forced thousands of officials from office and abandoned economic planning to focus on communism.

Read the passage from a speech on Vietnam given by President Nixon in 1969. "For the future of peace, precipitate withdrawal would thus be a disaster of immense magnitude.—A nation cannot remain great if it betrays its allied and lets down its friends.—Our defeat and humiliation in South Vietnam without question would promote recklessness in the councils of those great powers who have not yet abandoned their goals of world conquest.—This would spark violence wherever our commitments help maintain the peace—in the Middle East, in Berlin, eventually even in the Western Hemisphere . . .For these reasons, I rejected the recommendation that I should end the war by immediately withdrawing all of our forces." —President Richard Nixon Address to the nation Nov. 3, 1969 What foreign policy direction does the President say the United States should follow?

The US should not withdraw from Vietnam, because that would cause problems elsewhere.

Which most likely explains why the Japanese royal family was not prosecuted for war crimes?

The United States wanted to build an ongoing alliance with Japan.

Read this passage about the partition of Korea. "The partition of Korea into two zones dominates the political and economic life of the peninsular. The division of Korea at the 38th parallel has turned into a hard and fast boundary which cuts off all intercourse between the northern and southern halves of the country, except for the exchange of mail and the transfer of surplus electric power from North to South Korea." -The Situation in Korea, 1947 Report The passage says that the partition of Korea

divided the country, both in its political and economic life.

Deng Xiaoping's reforms aimed to bring more _________________ freedom to China.

economic

In his speech "On the Cult of Personality," Khrushchev spoke against Stalin's policy of

eliminating opposing opinions.

As a result of the Long March, China's Communist Party

grew stronger and more determined.

China's first Five-Year Plan called for the government to

seize private land and businesses.

Under Leonid Brezhnev's leadership, Soviet citizens

suffered shortages of basic goods.

During the 1980s, profit from the sale of weapons to Iran was used to

support the Contras in Nicaragua.

The photo shows a street scene in Berlin after World War II. The scene is best described as

tense and aggressive.

Which event changed how the United States approached the Japanese economy?

the Korean War

Which organization was created in the 1940s to help nations resist communist influence?

the Organization of American States