International Mgmt - Chapter 12

Identify the assumptions made about motivation. (Check all that apply.)

- A single motivation theory cannot be universally applied across cultures. - The specific nature of motivation varies across cultures.

Identify the ways in which high-achievement needs can be developed in people according to researchers. (Check all that apply.)

- By following the example of people who have been successful achievers - By developing an internal desire for challenges and success - By imagining oneself as successful in the pursuit of important goals

Identify the approaches that should be avoided by international business partners to work together effectively according to Tornvall. (Check all that apply.)

- Distrusting others and refraining from taking risks - Observing things in such great depth that it leads to - "paralysis through analysis" - Perceiving work as a necessary burden and emphasizing control - Reason-centered and logical, individualistic thinking

Identify the basic elements in the process of motivation. (Check all that apply.)

- Goal attainment - Drives - Needs

Which of the following are the characteristics of high achievers recognized by researchers such as the late Harvard psychologist David McClelland? (Check all that apply.)

- High achievers exhibit a tendency to be moderate risk takers. - High achievers prefer situations where they take personal responsibility for seeking solutions to problems. - High achievers desire to win because of their own efforts.

Which of the following are the particular areas that are focused on in goal-setting theory? (Check all that apply.)

- Providing timely feedback to progress toward goals - Goal difficulty and goal specificity - The level of participation in setting goals - The importance of objective

Identify the components of job design in an organizational context. (Check all that apply.)

- The methods that are employed in a job - The content of a job - The way in which a job associates with other jobs in an organization

Which of the following are true statements about Japanese organizational policies in the context of quality of work life (QWL)?

- There is a heavy dependence on monetary rewards. - Employees have very little say in what actually goes on in an organization. - Managers discourage individual risk taking. - There is a great emphasis on performing work within cultural constraints.

Which of the following statements are true about the two-factor theory of motivation? (Check all that apply.)

- There will be dissatisfaction if hygiene factors are not taken care of or are deficient. - Only motivators lead to satisfaction. - Hygiene factors and motivators relate to employee satisfaction.

Identify the true statements about high achievers according to researchers such as the late Harvard psychologist David McClelland. (Check all that apply.)

- They are unable to form warm, close relationships. - They seek concrete feedback on their performance. - They exhibit a tendency to be loners. - They have less empathy for the problems of others.

In the context of Maslow's need hierarchy, identify the true statements about the social needs of human beings. (Check all that apply.)

- They can be fulfilled in formally as well as informally assigned work groups. - They can be satisfied through interaction within work groups in which individuals give and receive friendship.

Which of the following statements are true about content theories of motivation?

- They explain work motivation in terms of what arouses, energizes, or initiates employee behavior. - They analyze work motivation in general terms.

Identify the measures that should be taken by international business partners to work together effectively according to Tornvall. (Check all that apply.)

- They should stress flexibility and build cooperation on intuition and pragmatism. - They should perceive work as a development and challenging activity. - They should adopt a more idealistic, holistic, and group thinking approach to solve problems. - They should emphasize personal concern, cooperation, and trust for others.

In the context of quality of work life (QWL), which of the following are true statements about Japanese organizational policies? (Check all that apply.)

- Uncertainty avoidance is strong, and security is strongly emphasized. - Money is rated as an important motivator. - The masculinity index for the Japanese is high. - The power-distance index of the Japanese is high.

Identify the true statements about high-achieving societies. (Check all that apply.)

- Uncertainty avoidance is weak, and moderate-to-high masculinity is observed. - People are unafraid to live with ambiguity or to take at least moderate risks. - High importance is assigned to the acquisition of money and other physical assets. - Low value is given to the quality of work life and to caring for others.

Some of the major challenges impacting employee engagement and motivation when working remotely include which of the following?

- access to technology - social isolation - low level of communication - distraction

Arrange, in an ascending order, the basic needs of human beings according to a Chinese hierarchy of needs.

1. Belonging (social) 2. Physiological 3. Safety 4. Self-Actualization

In the context of Abraham Maslow's need hierarchy, arrange the basic needs of human beings in an ascending order. (Place the most basic need on top.)

1. Physiological 2. safety 3. social 4. esteem 5. self-actualization

theory holds that individuals can have a need to get ahead, to attain success, and to reach objectives.

Achievement Motivation Theory

In the context of Abraham Maslow's need hierarchy, which of the following can lead to the fulfillment of an individual's esteem needs?

Awards, promotions, and feedback from one's boss

According to a McKinsey & Co. survey, which of the following was reported by employees who perceived positive effects of remote working?

Employees had a stronger sense of well-being. Employees were more engaged.

Which of the following process theories focuses on how individuals' perception of how fairly they are being treated affects motivation?

Equity Theory

Which of the following process theories places importance on how people set objectives and respond to them and this process's overall impact on motivation?

Goal-setting theory

Which of the following statements is true according to the two-factor theory of motivation?

Human resources can be motivated by being provided with advancement, interesting work, recognition, and a chance to achieve and grow.

Identify the true statements about expectancy theory. (Check all that apply.)

It is based on employees having substantial control over their environment. It exhibits the impression of being bound by culture.

Identify a true statement about the system of using financial incentives to motivate employees.

It is common when companies try to associate compensation with performance.

Identify true statements about the system of using financial incentives to motivate employees. (Check all that apply.)

It is especially common in countries that have high individualism. It is designed to stress equity.

In the context of international management, match the types of job-related factors (in the left column) with their examples (in the right column).

Job context factors - Earnings, security, benefits, promotions, conditions, and hours Job content factors - Achievement, responsibility, and the work itself

Identify a term that means "job burnout" or "overwork" in Japanese.

Karoshi

According to the two-factor theory of motivation, match the factors that exert an influence on job satisfaction (in the left column) with their descriptions (in the right column).

Motivators: They include job-content factors such as responsibility, advancement, achievement, recognition, and the work itself. Hygiene factors: They include job-context variables such as company policies and administration, salary, interpersonal relations, working conditions, and technical supervision.

In the context of Abraham Maslow's need hierarchy, which of the following is the basic physical requirements for shelter, food, clothing, and water?

Physiological needs

identify the most basic needs of human beings.

Physiological needs

In an organizational context, in which of the following ways can self-actualization needs be satisfied?

Setting and achieving personal goals and mastering one's environment

Identify the most basic need of human beings according to a Chinese hierarchy of needs.

Social or belonging

Which of the following theories of motivation establishes that there are two sets of factors that exert influence on job satisfaction?

The two-factor theory of motivation

Identify a true statement about physiological needs of human beings in the context of work motivation.

They often are fulfilled through the salaries and wages provided by an organization.

True or false: Job design is usually a function of the job to be done and the way in which management desires it to be done.

True

Which of the following cultural dimensions identified by Hofstede best describe high-achieving societies? (Check all that apply.)

Uncertainty avoidance Masculinity

Unlike job-content factors, job-context factors

are controlled by an organization

In the context of the two-factor motivation theory, unlike motivators, hygiene factors

are environmental in nature

In the context of the two-factor motivation theory, unlike hygiene factors, motivators

associate with Maslow's upper-level needs

______ theories explain work motivation in terms of what initiates, arouses, or energizes employee behavior.

content

In an organizational context, quality of work life (QWL) is directly associated with

culture

According to Abraham Maslow's need hierarchy, needs for status and power are known as

esteem needs

a process theory that postulates that motivation is influenced by an individual's belief that effort will lead to performance, performance will lead to specific outcomes, and the outcomes will be of value to the individual.

expectancy theory

The biggest drawback of equity theory is that

it gives the impression of being culture-bound

An assumption about motivation is that

it is universal in nature

Unlike job-context factors, job-content factors are

mediated internally

According to researchers, high-achievement needs can be developed in people if they

obtain performance feedback and implement them

According to Abraham Maslow's need hierarchy, desires for stability, security, and the absence of pain are known as

safety needs

According to Abraham Maslow's need hierarchy, desires to become everything a person is capable of becoming as a human being and to reach his or her full potential are known as

self-actualization needs

According to Abraham Maslow's need hierarchy, desires to affiliate and interact with others and to feel wanted by others are called

social needs

Job designs that blend personnel and technology are known as

sociotechnical designs

what is the overall goal of sociotechnical designs

to increase productivity by integrating new technology into the workplace.

In the context of work motivation, safety needs are satisfied through

unemployment and retirement plans, medical insurance, and similar benefits