international relations quiz 2 study guide
The mercantilist approach to trade is similar to __________.
realism
Shi'ite Muslims live predominantly in __________.
Iran, southern Iraq, southern Lebanon, and Bahrain
A current example of a naval blockade is the __________.
Israeli blockade of Hamas-ruled Gaza ports
After the Soviet Union collapsed, leaders of the Soviet Union's former republics asked the U.S. secretary of state, __________.
"How do I get CNN?"
What is the approximate amount of the United States' national debt today?
$20 trillion
How many individual members does the European Union have?
28
Which area of the globe, barring the global South and the global North, has the largest number of HIV infections?
Africa
How does a first strike compare with a second strike?
A first strike is an attack intended to destroy a state's nuclear weapons before they can be used, whereas a second strike means that a state can retaliate even after sustaining a nuclear attack.
With respect to poverty in the global South, which statement is true?
About 1 billion people live in abject poverty.
As of 2018, which region of the world has hosted the most UN peacekeeping missions?
Africa
Examples of small countries with large oil exports in the Middle East that have done well economically, but whose experience is not one that states in the global South without oil can follow, are __________.
Bahrain, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates
The system established after World War II to manage the world economy was the __________.
Bretton Woods system
What state currently dominates the world in the production of solar panels?
China
How does the European Commission compare with the Council of the European Union?
Commission membership is based on one member per member state, whereas Council of the European Union membership varies from one meeting to the next depending on the topic being discussed.
Agricultural subsidies in one member state are to be extended to the other member states as allowed for by the __________.
Common Agricultural Policy
An example of a U.S.-based MNC bending to pressure from the U.S. government regarding foreign direct investment is __________.
Conoco in Iran
The inter-state conflict over oil resources in the Caspian Sea was resolved in 2018 by __________ rather than through conflict.
reciprocity
Anti-Western protests in 2006 after a __________ newspaper published offensive cartoons depicting the prophet Muhammad are an example of nationalist Islamist movement.
Danish
Which statement is accurate regarding democracy and economic development?
Democracy has not accompanied economic development in a systematic or general way.
The round of multinational trade negotiations that began in 2001 and was suspended in 2015 is the __________ Round.
Doha
Which is an accurate statement about drones?
Drones have dramatically decreased the cost of military operations around the world.
How does economic liberalism compare with mercantilism?
Economic liberalism is not concerned with whether one state gains more or less than another, just whether the state's wealth is increasing in absolute terms, whereas mercantilism emphasizes that each state must protect its own interests at the expense of others.
The international system as we know it developed in __________.
Europe
The largest, and most comprehensive, regional free-trade area is in __________.
Europe
The Treaty of Rome created which institution?
European Economic Community
Which of the following is a possible explanation for the dramatic increase in global remittance flows?
Globalization is making it easier for people to live and work in different countries.
Which of the following is an unlikely economic situation during wartime?
Governments choose to lower taxes.
The country that is scheduled to leave the EU in 2019 is __________.
Great Britain
NGOs include organizations such as __________.
Greenpeace and the International Olympic Committee
Which of the following newly industrializing countries are more city-states than nation-states?
Hong Kong and Singapore
Which Asian country committed itself to economic reforms such as selling state-owned industries after it was thrown into a severe economic crisis by the collapse of the Soviet Union?
India
How is South Korea one of the "four tigers"?
It creates enough capital accumulation to raise income levels across the population broadly.
Which of the following is true of ideology?
It has a weaker hold on core values and absolute truth than religions do.
Why is the United States a favorite jurisdiction within which to bring cases?
It tends to award the largest settlements.
Which of the following is characteristic of terrorism?
Its purpose is to accomplish political goals by demoralizing a civilian population.
The flow of what river through Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan has added to the conflict between those countries?
Jordan
Which of the following is correct about military spending?
Most arms sales worldwide go to the global South.
One truly universal intergovernmental organization in Europe is the __________.
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
What group of refugees, displaced in the 1948 and 1967 Arab-Israeli wars, remains one of the most politicized groups in the world?
Palestinians
In 2017, the Trump administration announced that the United States would no longer remain a member of the __________.
Paris Climate Agreement
The __________ provides U.S. volunteers for technical development assistance in states in the global South.
Peace Corps
Which country pioneered the first voyages of exploration beyond Europe?
Portugal
Which of the following has decreased American favorability ratings in the Middle East?
President Trump's decision to relocate the American embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem in 2018
Which statement explains the relationship between population growth and per capita income?
Raising per capita income slows population growth.
Which of the following is a consequence of an enclave economy?
Raw materials are sold on foreign markets with little impact on the country's economy.
The area of the globe with the second-largest total net energy exports is __________.
Russia/CIS
Which country has used its large supply of oil to ensure the functioning of OPEC?
Saudi Arabia
__________ is characterized by the principle that people who identify as a nation should have the right to create a state and pursue sovereignty over their affairs.
Self-determination
The world's predominantly Islamic countries have the largest populations in which regions?
South and Southeast Asia
When many colonies in Africa and Asia gained independence in the 1950s and 1960s and joined the United Nations, what was the impact on voting?
The large numbers of new members meant that the United States found itself in the minority on many issues in the General Assembly.
What is a key feature of natural resources that shapes their role in international conflict?
They tend to be unevenly distributed.
Antigovernment protests in China by students, workers, and some government officials took place in __________.
Tiananmen Square in 1989
How is the idea of universal human rights distinguished from relativism?
Universal human rights are the same for all people regardless of nationality or ethnicity, whereas relativism emphasizes due respect for local traditions and histories.
Which factor contributes to determining whether or not economic conflict leads to violence?
Violent conflict would diminish the profit of economic transactions by more than could be gained by such conflict.
One purpose of the UN Secretariat is to __________.
administer UN policy and programs
Only states can be parties to cases before the __________.
World Court
The __________ oversees the world's most important multilateral agreement on intellectual property.
World Trade Organization
During the Cold War, the classic third world revolutionary movement was __________.
a communist insurgency
Among the costs of integration for states is __________.
a potential cultural backlash against homogenizing effects
With respect to changes in the structure of the UN Security Council, __________.
any expansion of permanent seats might include India, with 20 percent of the world's population, and Indonesia, a predominantly Islamic country
The UN's peacekeeping forces are __________.
assembled by the Secretary General each time a mission is deemed necessary
Fission weapons are also known as __________, and fusion weapons are also known as __________.
atomic bombs; hydrogen bombs
In attempting to join the world capitalist economy in 1991, Russia and Eastern European countries faced which challenge?
attracting foreign investment
The potential opening of new shipping lanes as a result of melting polar ice north of Canada and Russia is an example of climate change creating __________ for some regions.
benefits
Toxic substances that can create diseases and epidemics when launched against enemy troops or populations are __________ weapons.
biological
In recent years, the debt situation __________.
both in the global North and in the global South has improved
One risk typically faced by poor states in their efforts to build up an educated elite with knowledge and skills to run the national economy is __________.
brain drain
How does the IMF assist countries in balancing their economies?
by allowing states to borrow against their deposits of financial reserves and repay the loans in subsequent years
In 1996, world leaders adopted a goal to cut hunger in half by 2015, and the world __________.
came close to achieving this goal but did not quite make it
In China, Mao Zedong implemented an economic policy in which the state controlled all economic activity. This type of economic policy is an example of __________.
central planning
The Single European Act is an example of an attempt at the creation of a __________ through comprehensive changes.
common market
In an effort to provide longer-term support to countries after peacekeeping missions end, the United Nations has __________.
created a Peacebuilding Commission to coordinate reconstruction, institution-building, and economic recovery
Created during the Nuremberg trials after World War II, __________ were conceived as inhumane acts and persecutions against civilians on a vast scale in the pursuit of unjust ends.
crimes against humanity
In most of the territories they colonized, European empires __________ the indigenous populations of those territories, especially in Africa and Asia.
decimated
The interest rate the government charges when it loans money to private banks is known as the __________ rate.
discount
Which of the following is a reason states go into debt?
due to a trade deficit
The National Security Agency __________.
encodes U.S. communications and decodes foreign communications
The sources of backlash against free trade agreements are unlikely to include __________.
exporting firms
Government leaders may decide against acquiring nuclear weapons because of the __________.
fear of retaliation
International monetary relations immediately after World War II were based on __________.
fixed exchange rates
The principle determinant of the long-term value of a state's currency is __________.
the supply and demand of the currency
With respect to pronatalist population policies, __________.
governments adopted these policies because population was seen as an element of power
Technology, especially information technology, is shifting power from __________ to __________.
governments; individuals
Warfare without front lines that involves irregular forces is called __________.
guerrilla war
When it comes to nonproliferation treaties, the United States __________.
has a mixed record
Remittances sent from nations such as the United States provide opportunities for family members back home, improving their quality of life, and __________.
help stabilize home countries economically
Nonterritorial waters are called __________.
high seas
The "tragedy of the commons" metaphor suggests that __________.
if individuals act out of short-term self-interest, all may suffer in the long run
If a national currency is convertible, it means that __________.
it can be exchanged for another currency
Which of the following is a feature of economic development?
increasing skills in the population
The world economy is __________ integrated on a global scale, generating wealth at a(n) __________ pace.
increasingly; accelerating
The form of government adopted in the U.S. Constitution is an example of which principle?
integration
Outer space is considered __________.
international territory
As it pursued the complicated transition from communism to capitalism, Russia's position declined drastically, and it __________.
is still not fully integrated into the world economy
The Asian newly industrializing countries have proven that __________.
it is possible to rise out of poverty
Which groups oppose free trade because of its negative impacts?
labor and environmental groups
Information technology __________.
makes it harder for governments to hide information from each other
"The creation of wealth underlies state power. Economics should serve politics" is a statement in line with __________.
mercantilism
MNCs and the countries in which they invest often come into conflict over __________.
monetary policy and trade policy
Recent trends appear to be progressing in the direction of a more __________.
multilateral world culture
Which factor contributed to the industrialization of the United States?
new technical innovations, such as electricity and airplanes
In the __________, the death rate declined from nearly 30 deaths per thousand people in 1950 to fewer than 8 per thousand since 2014.
poorest countries
Unlike __________, __________ involve(s) tangible goods.
portfolio investments; foreign direct investments
Theories of the causes of war at the systemic level of analysis __________.
predict that war occurs when power is relatively equally distributed and a rising power is threatening to overtake a declining one
In recent years, China has maintained a low currency value, relative to other states, in order to __________.
promote exports and boost export-related industries
Foreign aid is usually used to __________.
promote the export of products from the donor state
The IGOs that have been more successful are ones that are __________ in scope with a __________ purpose.
regional; specific
Religious conflicts are difficult to resolve because __________.
religions deal with core values that are held as absolute truth
Terrorism __________.
seeks to create a psychological effect on the target
According to world-system theory, the newly industrializing countries are categorized as __________ states.
semiperiphery
International organizations that are supranational subsume __________ within a larger whole.
several states
Ethnic groups __________.
share ancestral, language, cultural, or religious ties
The rights of soldiers under the laws of war exclude the right to __________.
share intelligence with third parties
International integration is the gradual shifting upward of sovereignty from the __________ to regional or global structures.
state
A current example of a lingering dispute is __________.
the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, fueled by the building of Jewish settlements in the West Bank
Most states voluntarily observe international law most of the time because __________.
states' interests are served by the maintenance of an orderly and predictable international environment
Peace operations of the United Nations include __________.
supervision of elections
Retaliation for cases of dumping usually comes in the form of __________.
tariffs to raise the price back to market levels
One of the most important components of stable, long-term economic growth for a developing state is the transfer of __________.
technology
Violence as a means of leverage __________.
tends to be a last resort
Irredentism is the regaining of __________ lost to another state.
territory
According to dependency theory, __________.
the accumulation of capital cannot sustain itself within dependent countries
Mercantilist practices were seen as essential to state power because __________.
the accumulation of precious metals could be converted into military assets when needed
When states specialize in producing the goods that they produce best and trading for goods that other states are better at producing, they are operating according to __________.
the comparative advantage
Urbanization is caused by people moving from __________.
the countryside to the city
Military forces are used by states to fight or threaten wars, for surveillance of drug trafficking, for human assistance, and for __________.
the repression of domestic political dissent
With respect to the concept of the world-system, __________.
the semiperiphery acts as a buffer between the core and periphery
Poor peasants in Latin America who benefit substantially, in terms of income, from the drug trade pose a challenge to the United States in its attempts to restrict __________.
the trafficking of cocaine
What makes electronic currencies unique is that __________.
they are not issued by states
In 2000, the UN adopted the Millennium Development Goals. What did the UN hope to achieve with this project?
to cut the proportion of the world's population living in extreme poverty by half
Economies that are changing to a market-based economy, usually from a centrally planned economy, are referred to as __________ economies.
transitional
A lack of technical and administrative skills was one challenge faced by former colonies __________.
upon winning their independence
"Sustainable" economic development means development that __________.
uses resources in a way that gives them a chance to replenish
Iraq's objection to Syria's diversion of the Euphrates is an example of the concept of __________.
water disputes
Tactical nuclear weapons __________.
were phased out by the United States and Russia when the Cold War ended
