Into to Nursing Final
Developing sound clinical judgment is a professional responsibility of the nurse. Which statements indicate behaviors that improve clinical judgment?
"I always assess before acting and make changes as needed." "I believe that every patient deserves my very best efforts." "I have read the professional nursing standards." "I look for research findings to support my nursing actions."
Which statement by an obese individual could be assessed as perceiving self-efficacy?
"I believe I can stay on this diet as long as necessary"
Developing sound clinical judgment is a professional responsibility of the nurse. Which statements indicate behaviors that improve clinical judgment? (Select all that apply.)
"I look for research findings to support my nursing actions." "I believe that every patient deserves my very best efforts." "I have read the professional nursing standards." "I always assess before acting and make changes as needed."
A nursing student is complaining about writing care plans. Which response by the faculty is best to help the student see the importance of this activity?
"The nursing process is a way to systematically think about and use patient data."
Which questions will aid the nurse in planning culturally congruent care? (Select all that apply.)
"Who is involved in making decisions about health care?" "What is eaten when one is sick?" "How are you usually addressed?" "What do smiles, nods, and hand gestures mean?"
Which of the following is the best description of a code of ethics?
A document that permits others to know what principles guide professional decision making
Which of the following best describes the meaning of the term "theory"?
A group of related concepts, definitions, and statements that describe a certain view of nursing phenomena from which to describe or predict outcomes
A recent trend in nursing has been an increase in the number of men and women with degrees in other fields or other careers applying to nursing programs. What is the single most important reason for this trend?
A nursing career provides both job security and meaningful employment.
A nurse has received change-of-shift report, and has several patients to care for today. If the nurse uses Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs correctly, which patient will the nurse attend first?
A patient recently transferred from the emergency room with a chest tube to treat pneumothorax
Which of the following nursing responsibilities can never be delegated?
Accountability
All levels of nursing educational programs can be accredited by which organization?
Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN)
Analysis of cases of reported negligence from 1995 to 2001 demonstrated that the majority of cases occurred in which patient care setting?
Acute care
In 2004, the AACN proposed a new doctoral degree, the doctor of nursing practice (DNP). What is the focus of the DNP degree in nursing?
Advanced clinical practice
Which of the following is not a public agency?
American Red Cross
What is meant by the term "evidence-based practice"?
Applying research findings; patient care data, preferences, and values; and nursing expertise to nursing practice
Which of the following falls under the jurisdiction of the state board of nursing?
Approving or reject applications for new nursing education programs
A nurse is assessing a patient's level of social support. How can the nurse best determine the adequacy of the patient's social support system?
Asking for the patient's perception of support
A nurse is caring for a new mother from Southeast Asia. The nurse is concerned that except for breastfeeding, the mother allows her mother-in-law to provide all other care for the baby. The plan of care and patient teaching for this mother should include?
Assessing the postpartum practices in her country of origin
Which type of basic nursing education program graduates the largest number of RNs in the United States today?
Associate degree programs
A homeless man sleeps on a park bench and eats one meal a day at a shelter. Which is the lowest level of Maslow's basic needs he does not meet?
Basic physiologic needs
How can staff nurses play an important role in controlling health care costs?
Becoming aware of cost of supplies Questioning the need for unnecessary or repetitive tests Handwashing to prevent infections
Which of the following is a primary reason for the initial slow growth of bachelors degree nursing programs in the United States?
Belief that hands-on training received in hospital-based diploma programs was superior to the theoretical-focused content in bachelors degree programs
A school nurse teaching school-aged children about water safety is an example of which ethical principle?
Beneficence
Which of the following is considered objective data obtained from the patient?
Blood pressure is 110/70 at 8 p.m.
Which of the following are activities in the ethical decision making process? (Select all that apply.)
Brainstorm with others involved to identify all possible solutions. Determine if the people who are affected by the dilemma have value conflicts. Evaluate the action taken to determine whether it accomplished its purpose.
Which of the following is the primary distinction between licensure and certification
Certification validates a high level of proficiency.
Which of the following is an example of civil law?
Child custody case
To which early nursing leader is attributed the founding of the American Red Cross?
Clara Barton
In the long run, the most significant contributor to achieving successful political influence is:
Clear communication.
Which of the following are the three most common sources of research questions?
Clinical problems, replication of prior research, testing nursing theory
Which of the following nursing roles is not considered an advanced practice role?
Community health nurse
Which of the following is an appropriate intervention for the nursing diagnosis of spiritual distress?
Consider patients' religious beliefs when planning care.
According to Kohlbergs theory of moral development, individuals who act because it is the rule of society are operating in which level of moral development?
Conventional
A nurse is caring for a patient who states she believes she has the right to have an abortion on demand. The nurse realizes this patient's beliefs are diametrically opposed to the nurse's own beliefs. In this instance, which action should the nurse take?
Convey neither approval nor disapproval
Which of the following was an unsuccessful attempt by the American Medical Association (AMA) to alleviate the nursing shortage of the time?
Creation of the registered care technician
The quality of nursing care is judged by whether nursing actions meet the standard of care. Which of the following is an example of meeting the standard of care?
Demonstrating the use of the nursing process when charting
Which of the following ethical theories is illustrated by the example of following the Golden Rule, Do unto others as you wish them to do unto you?
Deontology
The Goldmark Report focused on what aspect of nursing?
Desirability of establishing schools of nursing within academic settings
Which of the following is an important step in preventing legal action against the nurse?
Develop caring, therapeutic relationships with patients.
What is the primary function of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)?
Developing the NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN® licensing examinations
An intensive care unit (ICU) nurse notices that patients seem to have more normal vital signs when they are being visited by their family members, especially when the visitors seem to be more "caring." However, the hospital has strict visiting hours of 10 minutes every other hour. What would be the most appropriate research question to ask at this time?
Do ICU patients have vital signs in the normal range more frequently when they are being visited by family members?
An intensive care unit (ICU) nurse notices that patients seem to have more normal vital signs when they are being visited by their family members, especially when the visitors seem to be more caring. However, the hospital has strict visiting hours of 10 minutes every other hour. What would be the most appropriate research question to ask at this time?
Do ICU patients have vital signs in the normal range more frequently when they are being visited by family members?
A patient who is terminally ill is experiencing great pain. To relieve the patient's suffering, the nurse needs to administer larger doses of morphine. This relieves the pain but also inhibits respiration. Which principle justifies the risk of ha
Double effect
A patient who is terminally ill is experiencing great pain. To relieve the patients suffering, the nurse needs to administer larger doses of morphine. This relieves the pain but also inhibits respiration. Which principle justifies the risk of harm?
Double effect
Which of the following is a characteristic of the team model of nursing care delivery?
Each member of the team uses his or her abilities to the fullest in patient care.
Hospice and palliative care nursing is a rapidly developing specialty in nursing. Which facts have contributed to this growth? (Select all that apply.)
End-of-life needs are expected to increase with the aging population. Palliative care is a new focus of advanced practice nurses. End-of-life care is largely the responsibility of nurses.
Which of the following is most essential for the nurse entrepreneur to be successful?
Excellent time-management skills
Which research design has the goal of determining a cause-and-effect relationship?
Experimental design
Which research design should be used to determine whether there is a difference in the effectiveness of two preoperative preparation methods on length of stay?
Experimental design
A 5-year-old with a twin brother is admitted to the PICU after cardiac surgery. Hospital policy does not allow individuals younger than 12 years of age to visit the PICU. The nurse recognizes the needs of the patient and his brother and suggests that the mother bring her son to visit his brother briefly in the afternoon when the unit is usually quiet. This illustrates which of Brenner's stages of nursing proficiency?
Expert practitioner
What is the purpose of articulated models or systems for nursing education?
Facilitating opportunities for nurses to move up the educational ladder with ease
To whom does the nurse provide information when working in the role of educator?
Families about illnesses and treatments Community groups about injury prevention Student nurses about nursing standards and ideals Health care team members about the patient
What were some of the application requirements of nursing education programs in the 1900s?
Female, sensitive, subservient
Which early nursing leader founded the first training school for nurses that would later become a model for early nursing education?
Florence Nightingale
Which early nursing theorist recognized therapeutic milieu, assessment skills, and a unique body of knowledge in her definition of nursing?
Florence Nightingale
What is an advantage of the holistic view of health valued by nurses?
Focusing on the interrelationship of all parts of a whole person
nurses recognize which of the following about health
Health affects the entire person. Individuals' health beliefs are powerful and influence how they respond to efforts to change. Individuals may lack knowledge or motivation to change. Increased knowledge does not always change behavior. Various models can be used to assess readiness to change. Change is often incremental and very slow. The burden of action is mutually shared by patient, health care providers, and public health programs.
Which early nursing organization is credited with first recommending state registration for nurses?
ICN The ICN was formed to unite all nursing organizations. The topic of the first meeting was registration for nurses by each country and state.
A nurse is involved in an ethically challenging case. To use an ethical decision-making model, which step should the nurse perform first?
Identify the ethical dilemma in the case.
What does the process of analysis of patient data directly result in?
Identifying actual or potential problems amenable to nursing intervention
The nurse instructs the patient about incentive spirometry as preoperative teaching. Which phase of the nursing process does this illustrate?
Implementation
Benner describes five stages of nursing proficiency as students develop into expert nurses. Which of the following is not a stage of development described by Benner?
Inexpert beginner
Which of the following is a legitimate defense to a charge of assault and battery?
Informed consent
What body has been established to protect participants of research?
Institutional review board
Which of the following is an important advantage of distance learning?
It allows access to adult learners who are geographically unable to participate in a traditional classroom setting.
What was the purpose of the Hill-Burton Act?
It established funding for the construction of hospitals.
Which of the following is true about bachelor's of science in nursing (BSN) education?
It is recommended by professional organizations as preparation for entry into practice.
Despite the caring efforts of early public health nurses in the Henry Street Settlement, racial disparity left many people underserved. Which of the following African-American public health nurses was instrumental in providing excellent nursing care to underserved families despite these social challenges?
Jessie Sleet Scales Jessie Sleet Scales established the Stillman House, a part of the Henry Street Settlement that provided care to African Americans.
In 2002 which major American corporation partnered with nursing to design a media campaign to promote the image of nursing?
Johnson & Johnson
A nurse who advocates for a longer stay when a medically indigent patient is being prematurely discharged to reduce hospital cost is relying on which ethical principle?
Justice
The current emphasis on eliminating racially based health disparities is based on which of the following ethical principles?
Justice
A young girl from a Middle Eastern country is in the process of dying. Her parents ask the nurses to allow her to be prepared for death by being dressed in a specific garment and headdress every day. The parents cannot be there every day to do this and ask the nurses to apply the attire. Which actions by the nurses demonstrate culturally competent care?
Learning how to apply the garment and headdress properly
Which of the following nursing leaders, because of her work in the Henry Street Settlement, is considered the founder of public health nursing?
Lillian Wald Lillian Wald founded the Henry Street Settlement, the first formalized public health nursing project.
The first trained nurse in the United States graduated in 1873 and later became the supervisor of the Boston Training School. Who was this nurse?
Linda Richards
Which of the following nursing leaders is credited with being one of the earliest nursing educators in the world?
Mary Adelaide Nutting
Who was the first educated African-American professional nurse?
Mary Eliza Mahoney
A component that separates occupations from professions is commitment. Which of the following is the best way that nurses can show commitment to each other?
Mentoring nursing students and novice nurses
Who is credited with developing the model of associate degree nursing education?
Mildred Montag
Which recommendation made by the 1965 American Nurses Association (ANA) position paper and other position papers of national nursing organizations is still an issue today?
Minimum preparation for professional nursing practice should be the BSN degree.
Which of the following was recognized earliest as a true profession?
Ministry
Which of the following could eventually change the historical status of nursing as a female-dominated profession?
More male graduates of basic nursing programs entering the workplace
What is the current name of the agency that serves as an important source of funding for nursing research?
National Institute of Nursing Research
A nursing student got a thank-you card from a patients family and had another student take a photo of the student with the family. The student asks the nursing instructor if it would be alright to post the photo on Facebook. Which response by the instructor is best?
No, posting pictures of patients and families on social media sites is not acceptable.
Which research design would be used to determine the relationship between self-concept, physical fitness, and health habits in school-aged children?
Nonexperimental design
Which of the following puts the nurse at increased risk for legal action?
Not assessing a patient who is complaining of pain
The nurse giving medications to a pediatric patient notes that an order for a medication is considerably larger than the usual dose. She looks up the medication in a pharmacology book and finds she is correct about the dosage. Which action should the nurse take?
Notifying the physician of her findings before giving the medication
A mother asks the nurse if her 5-year-old can visit his twin brother in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) after cardiac surgery. The nurse denies the request because hospital policy states that children younger than 12 years of age are not allowed to visit the PICU. This illustrates which of Benner's stages of nursing proficiency
Novice
Which of the following best describes trends in nursing education?
Numbers of RNs with bachelor's and higher degrees are increasing.
When surveyed, which profession was chosen by the general public as highest in honesty and ethics?
Nurse
Which of the following is an example of informal socialization into a profession?
Nurses discussing a patient care issue in the presence of other nurses
Which one of the following events occurring during the first decade of the twentieth century brought sweeping changes to nursing?
Nurses had to pass a licensing examination to use the title RN Licensure laws were passed that required all people using the title of RN to be licensed.
Which of the following recommendations resulting from the 1934 study Nursing Schools Today and Tomorrow still has relevance today?
Nurses should be highly educated.
What was the most important influence of war on nursing?
Nurses were able to perform medical procedures during war.
Leininger's theory uses the sunrise model. What is the major premise of Leininger's theory?
Nursing care should be culturally congruent.
Which of the following describes the primary difference between nursing diagnoses and medical diagnoses?
Nursing diagnoses identify problems that can be treated with independent nursing actions.
Who, among the following nursing groups, currently are in the shortest supply?
Nursing faculty
Nursing theory provides a foundation for theory-based practice and curriculum development. Which is a primary reason for incorporating theory into education?
Nursing theory is taught as a guide to nursing practice and to teach students care within the unique perspective of nursing.
A shift in population growth is expected to place stress on nursing resources. Which age-group is expected to experience the greatest population growth in the next decade?
Older than 85 years of age
What has been found about the outcomes of patients cared for in hospitals with a higher percentage of BSN-prepared nurses as compared to patients in hospitals with a lower percentage of BSN-prepared nurses?
Outcomes were better in hospitals with more BSN-prepared nurses.
The clinical nurse leader (CNL) is a recently proposed role. The responsibilities of the person in this role include which of the following?
Oversee and manage care delivery in specific settings.
Which of the following must be included in the informed consent in research?
Participants must be informed of risks associated with participation.
Which of the following represents an interdependent nursing action?
Participating in a "code" (cardiac arrest response)
Which of the following strategies may help to overcome reality shock in the novice nurse?
Participating in a preceptorship
According to Kohlbergs theory, which of the following is true of moral development?
Participating in decision making promotes moral reasoning.
Which of the following chart entries represents a pitfall in documentation?
Patient demanding and difficult to please
In which of the following situations should the legality of an informed consent be questioned?
Patient who received a preoperative dose of Demerol before giving consent
Which patient rights are guaranteed by HIPAA?
Patients are protected against medical records being indiscriminately shared.
A nursing student asks a faculty member how to improve critical thinking. Which response by the faculty is best?
Pay close attention to how you solve problems; assess your own style of thinking."
Which of the following is not recognized as part of the role of the nurse as a member of the health care team?
Performance of physician functions under direct supervision of a physician
Which of the following factors can impact a patient's capacity to learn to cope better with stress due to illness? (Select all that apply.)
Physiology Culture Motivation Environment
Which of the following actions by the nurse constitutes professional malpractice?
Placing the head of the bed flat when a patient is receiving a tube feeding, causing the patient to aspirate the mixture
Flight 93, hijacked on September 11, 2001, crashed into the Pennsylvania countryside because some of the passengers decided to try to take control of the plane and prevent it from being used as a weapon of mass destruction against structures in Washington, D.C. They decided to act despite grave danger to themselves. This is an example of which level of Kohlbergs theory of moral development?
Postconventional
Under the Affordable Care Act:
Practice opportunities for nurses have increased.
According to Kohlbergs theory of moral development, adolescents who shoplift are operating in which level of moral development?
Preconventional
What service is covered by Medicare, part D?
Prescription drug costs
Which of the following statements is correct about community health nursing (CHN)?
Prevention and community education are the cornerstones of CHN.
The granting agencies for nursing certification (both for RNs and for APRNs are):
Professional Associations
Which of the following trends in health care delivery that began in the second half of the twentieth century continues today?
Provision of care to the poor, elderly, and disabled through Medicare and Medicaid Two amendments to the Social Security Act in 1965 designed to ensure access to health care for elderly, poor, and disabled Americans were the establishment of Medicare and Medicaid.
The nurse forgets to give the patient a dose of antibiotic. Later in the shift, the patient goes into cardiac arrest and dies. What element is lacking to support malpractice?
Proximate cause
In which practice area was the first clinical nurse specialist (CNS) role developed?
Psychiatric nursing
What specialty of nursing was considered well suited for men at a time when other areas were excluding men from practicing?
Psychiatric nursing
The RN asked a nursing assistant to monitor several postoperative patients. Which of the following instructions to the nursing assistant demonstrate appropriate delegation?
Record the urine output, and report to me if they have not voided within 4 hours.
Which of the following is an example of a research question based on a clinical problem?
Relationship between hours of bright light and irritability of preterm infants
Which of the following actions is acceptable as an exception to a nurse's obligation regarding confidentiality?
Reporting certain diseases to public health authority
Which of the following actions is acceptable as an exception to a nurses obligation regarding confidentiality?
Reporting certain diseases to public health authority
A nurse observes a new graduate nurse being harassed by co-workers when asking questions or requesting help. What action by the nurse is best?
Respectfully confront the staff and explain that this behavior is not part of nursing.
Which of the following is not a necessary step in the research process?
Review of best practice guidelines
Margaret Sanger, as a nurse and activist, worked on the Lower East Side of New York City in the early 1900s with immigrant women. What was the focus of her work?
Safe contraception and family planning for women
The 1948 Brown Report recommended which of the following?
Schools of nursing should be located in institutions of higher learning
An agency that treats temporary health dysfunction requiring intervention to prevent complications is providing which level of health care?
Secondary care
Which of the following is a nursing responsibility regarding informed consent?
Serving as a witness, ensuring that the patient does not feel coerced into a decision
What was the most significant impact on the profession of nursing made by Mary Breckenridge in her role as a frontier nurse?
She demonstrated that nurses could provide primary care in rural settings.
Faith community nursing (FCN) was founded on which of the following premises?
Spiritual health is central to a person's well-being
A nursing student says to the clinical faculty, "I know I will be able to care for this patient given your directions." In which stage of Cohen's model of professional socialization is this student?
Stage I: Unilateral dependence
A nursing student asks, "Why do I have to go to clinical in obstetrics when I know I'll never work with women and children?" In which stage of Cohen's model of professional socialization is this student?
Stage II: Negativity/independence
Which of the following is an example of formal socialization into the profession of nursing?
Starting an intravenous (IV) line in the simulation laboratory under faculty guidance
Men in nursing commonly experience role strain. which of the following is the best description of role strain as it applies to men in nursing?
Stress incurred while working in a profession dominated by members of the opposite sex.
Black illustrates concepts of preventing burnout by using the example of a flight attendant instructing persons to "put your own oxygen mask on first." What does this statement mean?
Taking care of yourself will enable you to be a better nurse.
The RN delegates changing a sterile dressing over a central line to a licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN). The LPN/LVN contaminated the site during the dressing change, and an infection developed in the patient. Which of the following statements is true?
The RN is ultimately responsible for acts he or she delegates.
The term emotional intelligence refers to
The ability to use technology without losing the caring aspect of nursing
Florence Nightingale established a school of nursing based on which of the following innovative principles? (Select all that apply.)
The curriculum should include theory and practical experience Professional nurses should be paid for their instruction in the school. The nursing school should be affiliated with a teaching hospital but independent of it.
During the Great Depression, staffing of hospitals changed with an impact lasting to the current day. What was this change?
The employment of graduate nurses in hospitals
One of the characteristics of a profession identified by Kelly was "there is an organization (association) that encourages and supports high standards of practice." Which of the following illustrates a concern for nursing meeting this characteristic?
The membership of the ANA is less than 10% of all nurses.
A nurse has applied for a job and during the interview was told that the health care facility is a "closed shop." What does that phrase mean to the nurse?
The nurse must join a union to be employed there.
Which of the following is a part of the history of doctoral education in nursing?
The nurse scientist program was discontinued after more universities began offering doctoral programs in nursing.
Which of the following statements best describes how the Chicago World's Fair of 1893 became a pivotal point in the history of nursing education in the United States?
The organization today known as the NLN was formed to address issues in nursing education
Which of the following is a correct statement about the registered nurse (RN) population?
The rate of aging of RNs has slowed for the first time in the past 30 years.
An overriding principle of Nightingale's writings on nursing dealt with which aspect of nursing?
The relationship between patients, health, and environment
Which of the following statements explains why the school nurse of today is truly a community health nurse?
The school nurse may be called on to care for a student's family members in underserved areas.
Peplau's theory focuses on the therapeutic relationship as the key to successful nursing intervention. Which of the following is correct about Peplau's theory?
The theory describes six key nursing roles that are flexibly used, depending on the practice setting
For data collection to be valid, what must occur?
The tool must measure what it is supposed to measure.
Which of the following is true of open systems?
The whole is greater than the sum of all of its parts.
The nurse practice act of a state defines the scope and responsibilities of nursing practice in that state. Which of the following is true regarding nurse practice acts
They determine the educational requirements for licensure.
Which of the following is characteristics of public agencies?
They provide health care services at the national, state, and local levels
Which of the following is characteristic of public agencies?
They provide health care services at the national, state, and local levels.
Which of the following best describes a middle-range theory?
They usually blend nursing practice with nursing research.
When surveyed, what is the primary reason given by men for entering nursing?
To make a difference
Affordable care act includes a lifetime limit of catastrophic care insurance
True
Translational research/science will do which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Use clinical research findings to ask new questions for research in the laboratory Take laboratory findings for development for use with patients at the bedside
An English-speaking nurse gave a non-English-speaking Asian patient instructions about preparing an abdominal surgical site. The nurse showed the patient how the bottle of povidone-iodine was to be used in cleansing the area. The patient smiled and nodded throughout the instructions. The patient did not respond when asked if he had any questions. When the nurse left the room, the patient promptly drank the bottle of povidone-iodine. Which action would be most effective in preventing this error?
Using a medical interpreter to give the preoperative instructions
Which of the following ethical theories is illustrated by the example of triage in disaster nursing?
Utilitarianism
The nursing profession has experienced barriers to professionalism. Which of the following is the primary current barrier to nursing's professionalism?
Variability of educational backgrounds of nurses
The nurse teaches the patient how to administer insulin. Before this the nurse and patient had developed a trusting relationship over several days, which included sharing feelings about having to take daily medication. The patient expressed confidence in the care provided by the nurse. The nurse could be basing care on the philosophy of
Watson.
Gilligans theory on moral development differed from Kohlbergs theory because Gilligan considered which population not addressed by Kohlberg?
Women
Which American university opened the first nursing school as a separate department within the university?
Yale
Which of the following situations is an example of moral distress?
You hear nurses in the lounge making off-color jokes about a patient. You are afraid to speak up for fear of retaliation.
A nursing manager wants the unit staff to become more involved in research. The staff nurses say they are not qualified to conduct research. Which response by the manager is best?
You need a basic understanding of the research process because you should be good consumers of research.
Which of the following is a characteristic of the patient-centered care model of nursing care delivery?
a multidisciplinary team emphasizes continuum of care and focuses on the patient's right to individualized care
The best definition of ethnocentrism is
a tendency to view your own culture as superior to others.
The nurse receives reports on the following patients at the beginning of the shift. Which of the following care activities could be delegated to a nursing assistant? (Select all that apply.)
a. Ambulating a patient who had an emergency appendectomy 8 hours ago, has stable vital signs, and needs to ambulate for the second time b. Assisting a patient who was in an automobile accident and whose right arm and leg are in traction with bathing c. Feeding a patient recovering from a stroke resulting in difficulty holding a spoon d. Taking vital signs, including blood pressure, for a patient with newly diagnosed diabetes and a history of hypertension
The central question in any charge of malpractice is whether the prevailing standard of care was met. Which of the following are considered part of the standard of nursing care? (Select all that apply.)
a. Basic prudent nursing care is a standard. d. Standards are based on the ethical principle of nonmaleficence. e. National standards of nursing practice are standards for all nurses.
The American Nurses Association (ANA) published a guide for state nurses associations seeking to revise their nurse practice acts. According the ANA, which of the following should be included in these revisions? (Select all that apply.)
a. Differentiation between advanced and generalist nursing practice b. Authority for boards of nursing to oversee UAP d. Authority for boards of nursing to regulate prescription writing by advanced practice nurses e. Nurses responsibility for delegating to LPN/LVNs
Why is accreditation of nursing education programs is important? (Select all that apply.)
a. It assures students that their educational program is offering quality education. b. Acceptance into graduate programs in nursing depends on graduation from an accredited program. c. It serves as stimulus for programs to initiate periodic self-examination and self-improvement.
Dissemination of findings may involve which of the following activities?
a. Manuscript reviewed by peers b. Oral presentation of findings at annual conference of the Society of Pediatric Nurses c. Poster presentation at regional conference of Sigma Theta Tau International d. Publication of findings in Western Journal of Nursing Research
Over the last two decades a number of organizations issued reports identifying changes needed in nursing education to prepare nurses for practice in the twenty-first century. Which of the following suggestions were included in these reports? (Select all that apply.)
a. Recruitment of students and faculty to reflect the multicultural nature of society c. Increased informatics training to improve access to information e. Curricula emphasizing interdisciplinary teamwork and collaboration
For a nursing malpractice action, essential characteristics of negligence must be present. Which of the following constitute these essential characteristics? (Select all that apply.)
a. The nurse assumed the responsibility for the patients care. b. The nurse is found to have failed to meet the standard of care. c. The harm to the patient must be shown to have been caused by the failure to meet the standard of care. d. Harm to an individual has occurred.
Evidence-based nursing practice involves which of the following?
a. The use of the best evidence available supporting the interventions c. The expertise of the professional nurse e. The preferences of the individual patients and their families
CNSs may (Select all that apply.)
a. manage an inpatient nursing unit. b. develop educational programs for nursing staff. c. conduct practice outcomes research.
A patient states, "I have knowledge about my diet and how to do my insulin injection, so I can get on with my life." In which stage of illness is the patient?
acceptance and participation
Despite the variety of work settings available to the RN, data indicate that the primary work site for RNs is
acute care hospitals.
A patient who had a broken neck in an automobile accident and was paralyzed, but eventually went back to college, obtained a law degree, and became a practicing lawyer could be said to be demonstrating
adapation
Within a nursing shared governance model, the role of the clinical nursing staff is to?
adhere to standards and quality benchmarks to ensure professional practice
The Patient Self-Determination Act of 1991, as implemented today, is known as providing
advance directives.
One important advantage of clinical ladder programs for hospital-based RNs is that they
allow career advancement for nurses who choose to remain at the bedside.
A Caucasian nurse is caring for a Native American after a stroke. The nurse finds the patient sleeping while holding several small feathers bound by a beaded leather thong. The nurse should consider the possibility that this is
an important item used in native healing practices.
The nurse is interviewing the mother of a school-aged child. The mother states that their family consists of herself, her son, a female friend, and two foster children. One grandparent lives in another city, and one lives within two blocks of them. As the nurse works with this family, what implication is important to include?
as an extended family, all the children will receive attention from several adults
A patient states, "I do not understand why I keep getting these headaches. I have seen a nurse practitioner and two specialist. I have taken several medications, but the headaches keep coming." In which stage of illness is the patient?
attempting to gain control
Respecting an elderly woman's decision to stay in her own home is based on a belief in the ethical principle of
autonomy.
Respecting the right of a patient with terminal cancer to refuse chemotherapy is based on a belief in the ethical principle of
autonomy.
A variety of benefits result from membership in professional organizations, including (Select all that apply.
availability of practice guidelines to influence policy development continuing education opportunities opportunities to develop personal leadership skills
Which factors contribute to threatening the current and future supply of nurses? (Select all that apply.)
b. Seventy-five percent of current faculty may retire over the next decade. d. Faculty vacancies are having an impact on large numbers of schools.
Nursing practices during the Civil War advanced the cause of professional nursing. The move toward formal education and training was supported by (Select all that apply.)
b. a proposal by Dr. Samuel Gross in 1869 that large hospitals develop training schools for nurses. c. reports of inadequate conditions in hospitals reported by social reformers after the Civil War. d. lobbying by the United States Sanitary Commission for the creation of nursing schools. e. the appointment of Dorothea Dix as Superintendent of Women Nurses of the (Union) Army.
Historically, one solution that attempted to correct the shortage of RNs was to increase the supply of nurses. Means of increasing the supply of nurses included
b. use of "traveling nurses." c. development of associate degree programs. d. importation of nurses from English-speaking countries.
A nurse has been introduced to theory as a guide to research and practice. This nurse is prepared at which level of nursing education?
bachelor's degree
To build the body of knowledge of nursing, a problem amenable to study should be
based on published research findings and fit logically with what is already known.
Which of the following is an effective method for the practicing nurse to achieve leadership skills?
becoming active in professional organizations
The most critical aspect of nurses becoming personally "political" is
being informed of social and political issues
Bandar's theory of self-efficacy described people's responses to health-related behaviors. Which of the following was a major premise of this theory?
belief in self as having the ability to improve health is important in changing health behaviors
Which of the following are characteristics of compassion fatigue?
burnout prone to accidents poor judgement
Quantitative research methods may be somewhat less useful in nursing because of which of the following?
c. Many phenomena of interest to nurses are not amenable to study in tightlyto statements that can be tested. d. The complexity of human beings makes it difficult to break problems in controlled circumstances. e. Patient perceptions of experiences may have significant effects on their health behaviors.
NPs are advanced practice nurses who
can diagnose and treat common and chronic conditions.
Which care delivery model uses critical pathways and continuous quality improvement to guide care practices?
case management
A nurse places high priority on working with patients and families, including them in planning care and in establishing goals. Which nursing role has this nurse assumed?
collaborated
A competent resident in a long-term care facility refuses an ordered antidepressant medication. The nurse believes the patient needs the medication because he is clearly showing signs of depression and dissolves the medication in juice without telling the patient. This illustrates negligence by failure to
communicate with a patient.
Which of the following is an example of diagnosis and treatment?
computerized tomography scan to rule out gallbladder inflammation
A specific organizational structure that makes clear connections between concepts is a
conceptual model
What is the relevance of the concepts of supply and demand, free market, and price sensitivity with regard to health care costs?
consumer insensitivity to costs has increased demand for health care services
A nursing case manager requests a meeting with the nursing staff after discovering variances from critical pathways related to timely discharge of patients having hip replacement. Patients are not being discharged on time because they are refusing their physical therapy as a result of poor pain control. Meeting with the staff to discuss potential improvements in pain management is an example of?
continuous quality improvement
Which of the following is an example of illness prevention?
counseling people recently experiencing death of a spouse about signs and symptoms of depression
In the nursing process, the evaluation phase is used to determine the
degree of outcome achievement.
A patient with diabetes who refuses to change eating patterns may be in which stage of adjustment?
denial and disbelief
A patient tells the nurse, "I'll let you do whatever you think is best for me." The patient does very little independently without calling for assistance. The nurses conclude that the patient is demonstrating which personality characteristic
dependence
A patient states,"There is no hope. They're going to keep here until I die. Cant you give me my medication more often? Im going to die anyway." In which stage of illness is this patient?
depression and grief
The single most important reason for the decline in the number of hospital-based diploma programs was
diploma educations position outside the mainstream of higher education.
The earliest type of formal nursing education program was the
diploma program.
The parents of a 4-year-old diabetic have become increasingly argumentative especially about whether the father helps enough with child care and housekeeping. He works two jobs which leaves little time to help his stay-at-home wife. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for this family?
discussing with the parents the stresses they perceive in the situation
A nurse conducts theory testing and theory development research to develop nursing science. This nurse is prepared at which level of nursing education?
doctoral degree
Which of the following is a characteristic of the team model of nursing care delivery
each member of the team uses his or her abilities to the fullest in patient care
Which of the following patients is likely to benefit most from referral for case management?
elderly patient with total hip replacement
The purpose of mandatory continuing education for license renewal is to
ensure that nurses remain up to date in knowledge
A patient's spouse and son were recently killed in an automobile accident, and the patient's position in a large company has been eliminated due to corporate reorganization. The patient states, "I do not think I can handle this." The nurse could safely make the assumption that
environmental factors may have a negative impact on this person's health.
An adult has difficulty initiating a conversation, and in working with others always agrees with them because "My opinion is not important." Which of Maslow's basic needs is not being met by this person?
esteem needs
The diversity of the population entering the health care system is a challenge for nurses because
ethnic minority nurses do not yet meet the same proportions in the profession as in the general population.
A barrier to professionalism attributed to nursing's roots in altruism is illustrated when a nurse
feels guilty for expecting to be paid well for work.
When nurses receive a patient assignment and accept reports on these patients, they are committed to providing care to those assigned to them. This is based on the ethical principle of
fidelity
Taking a pediatric patient to the playroom on a promised time and day is based on the belief in the ethical principle of
fidelity.
Governmental agencies differ from voluntary agencies in which way?
funding source
A data collection protocol calls for a questionnaire to be administered to patients having knee replacement surgery after the third physical therapy appointment. Errors can be introduced into the study by
giving the questionnaire to all participants when they arrive for their appointment.
A patient diagnosed with breast cancer responded by gathering information about treatment options and becoming involved in a self-help group. The nurse assesses that the patient is demonstrating which personality characteristic?
hardiness
The nursing profession is responsible for improving its own image. The most effective avenue for changing the image of nursing is to
have nurses appear and behave professionally and explain what nurses do in each patient interaction.
Differences between treatment outcomes for different populations are known as
health care disparities.
Nurses can best help patients deal with stress by?
helping patients evaluate their lifestyles for areas of potential stress.
The nurse assists the patient with a bath in the morning because the patient has a cast on one hand and an intravenous line in the other. The nurse could be basing care on the philosophy of
henderson
Which contemporary nursing theorist is best known for her definition of nursing that describes the nurse's role as a substitute for the patient and as a helper and partner to the patient?
henderson
Florence Nightingale is often credited as being the first nurse researcher. This designation is based on
her use of data on the morbidity and mortality of soldiers in hospitals in Scutari.
Dynamic balance between systems and their parts is called
homeostasis
Family structures have experienced change in the second half of the 20th century. What is the most dramatic difference seen in families today?
increased incidence of single-parent families
Which of the following areas experience serious disparities in health care access and outcomes for minorities?
infant mortality cardiovascular disease immunizations
One important advantage of the evolution of nursing informatics is that
informatics nurses are best able to design systems with the needs and skills of nurses who use them in mind.
Which of the following is believed about the concept of locus of control?
internally controlled people see themselves as responsible for their health and amendable to change
A patient states, "I am so upset that i need a knee replacement, I should have done those exercises that the physical therapist told me to do years ago." In which state of illness is the patient?
irritability and anger
A nurse practitioner caring for a diabetic patient thinks the patient could gain better control of the diabetes if the patient lost weight. After assessing the patient's perception of weight loss, role, stresses, and support systems, the nurse and patient establish the goal of losing 5 pounds in a month. The nurse could be basing care on the conceptual model of
king
Which nursing theorist is best known for her emphasis on interacting systems, including nurse and patient in goal setting and goal attainment?
king
The nurse is caring for a young Hispanic patient after surgery. The patient hesitates when the nurse asks about meal selections from the menu. When the parents return, the nurse asks the patient what foods are eaten when one is ill. The nurse could be basing care on the theory of
leininger
Which of the following is not included as an overarching goal of Healthy People 2020?
lengthening the average lifespan by a decade
A school-aged child with spina bifida uses a wheelchair, attends school, and is actively involved in Scouting and science club. This child is meeting which of Maslow's basic needs
love and belonging needs
A patient has been diagnosed with angina. As he talks with the nurse, he asks several good questions about angina and seems able to concentrate on the explanations. He seems eager to learn how to manage his condition. What assessment can be made by the nurse?
mild anxiety is present
The purpose of continuous quality improvement (CQI) is to?
monitor processes involved in the provision of safe, effective care for patients
The nurse adjusts the patient's room to allow the patient to see the sunlight out the window and checks the patient's diet tray to ensure a balanced diet. The nurse could be basing care on the philosophy of
nightingale
A nurse is turning a bedfast patient to prevent pressure ulcers. The patient complains that the process is painful. The nurse explains the reason for the turning schedule and completes the task. This is an example of the ethical principle of
nonmaleficence.
A health care agency that uses its profits to better institution rather than paying stockholders would be classified as a?
not-for-profit agency
A health care agency that uses its profits to better the institution rather than paying stockholders would be classified as a
not-for-profit agency.
A nurse has held a media event to publicize the need for funding for immunizations and lobbied decision makers by providing pertinent statistical information about the risks and benefits of immunizations. The nurse is known as a
nurse activist
A nurse has registered to vote, voted in primary and regular elections, and participated in public forums related to budget reductions that could result in the reduction of the numbers of school nurses. The nurse is known as a
nurse citizen
A nurse was appointed to a governing board of a governmental agency and then ran for an elective office. The nurse is known as a
nurse politician
Health promotion differs from illness prevention in that health promotion:
occurs before the identification of disease risk factors
The nurse is caring for a postoperative patient who is unable to feed himself and complete basic activities of daily living. The nurse does catheter care and changes the surgical dressing, as well as assisting with feeding and hygiene. The nurse could be basing care on the conceptual model of
orem
Which nursing model is based on the assumption that people want to be in control of their lives?
orem
The nurse observes a patient pacing around the room. The patient expresses concern that being hospitalized will cause lost wages and create economic problems. The nurse infers that the patient is anxious, which the patient confirms. The nurse could be basing care on the theory of
orlando
Which nursing theorist is best known for her emphasis on inferences based on observation of patient behavior, confirmation by the patient, and results in effective care based on identified patient needs?
orlando
Which of the following is a responsibility of many health care agencies' chief executive officers (CEOs)?
overall operation of the agency on a daily basis
When planning for patient teaching, the nurse is aware that which of the following factors create(s) a barrier to learning?
pain and fatigue
Which of the following is a responsibility of many nurse executives (chief nursing officers)?
participating as a member of the board of directors
A patient is in the intensive care unit after a myocardial infarction and refuses to stay in bed, saying, "I have to be up and walking around. When I stayed in bed after having my babies 40 years ago, I got so weak I could hardly move." This patient's illness behavior is being influenced by?
past experiences
A nurse caring for a preoperative patient is told by the patient, "The doctor just had me sign a paper. I wish I knew what it was all about." The nurse goes to report this to the physician. The nursing role adopted by the nurse is?
patient advocate
The nurse who recognizes that the strict visiting hours policy that has existed on the pediatric unit is outmoded and begins to gather data to support a new policy liberalizing visiting hours based on evidence of better patient care is taking on the role of
patient advocates
A contemporary view of the sick roles includes?
patient as partner with the health care provider
A patient recently lost a job as a salesperson. Which behaviors would indicate that the patient is experiencing stress?
patient describes desire to sleep a great deal due to fatigue patient states a decrease in participating in usual church activities
Which of the following is true of Maslow's basic need of self-actualization?
people use their abilities to the fullest extent possible and are true to their nature.
the nurse has established a relationship with a patient in whom asthma was recently diagnosed. Through their interactions, the nurse helps the patient understand the mechanism of asthma and develop the skills to use a spacer with the inhaler. The nurse could be basing care on the theory of
peplau
A broad, general view of nursing that clarifies values and answers broad disciplinary questions for nursing is known as a
philosophy.
Which of the following is the World Health Organization's definition of health
physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity
The principles and values that govern actions directed at influencing and determining decisions, actions, and other matters are known as
policy
A nurse who lobbies state legislators to support a change in the scope of practice in nursing is engaging in
politics
The area of philosophy that deals with the regulation and control of people living in society to preserve prosperity, defend rights, and augment resources is known as
politics
The most common reason that nurses are disciplined by the state board of nursing is
practicing while impaired.
The care delivery model in which a registered nurse provides direct care and also has 24-hour responsibility for updating the patient's plan of care is known as?
primary care
The school health clinic treats common health problems, as well as conducting health promotion and illness prevention activities. The clinic provides which level of health care?
primary care
The care delivery model in which a registered nurse provides direct care and also has 24-hour responsibility for updating the patient's plan of care is known as
primary nursing.
The American Nurses Association (ANA) serves as the
professional organization for all nurses regardless of practice setting or level of practice.
Which component of nursing theory describes a testable outcome?
proposition
A contributing factor to health care disparities may be?
provider bias
A nurse reviewing a patient's care plan notes a goal of "Patient will ambulate 50 feet, three times in the hallway today." According to Bloom, what taxonomic category is this goal?
psychomotor domain
Provisions of the Affordable Care Act include (Select all that apply.)
recommended preventative services without out-of-pocket cost to consumers. children up to age 26 being allowed to stay on parents' insurance. disallowing denial of coverage for children and teens' preexisting conditions. the right to appeal coverage decisions.
A child is tested for genetic abnormalities. After the test results are delivered from the laboratory, a representative of the parents medical insurance company calls the nurses station and asks for the results of the tests. The nurses best response to this request is to
refuse to give the information.
A patient was diagnosed with ovarian cancer 5 years ago. She underwent chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but cancer returned 2 years ago with metastases to the bone and possibly the lung. She says the cancer is "no longer curable, but treatable." During this time the patient's daughter was critically injured in a car accident and now lives with a traumatic brain injury, needing round-the-clock care. Her husband had an affair. She continues to work and volunteers with various community groups. Which phenomenon is the patient demonstrating?
resilience
A patient had a significant blood loss in surgery and now has a low hemoglobin level. The patient complains of fatigue. The nurse intervenes to facilitate adaptation by establishing periods of rest and scheduling activities throughout the day. The nurse could be basing care on the conceptual model of
roy
Which nursing theorist based her model on the belief that adaptation to changes in the environment is the basis of health?
roy
An 18-month-old child has been in three foster homes within the past 9 months. When the child is seen for a well-child visit, the nurse notices the child vigilantly watches everyone. This child may not have which of Maslow's basic needs met?
safety needs
The nurse finds a patient sitting in bed, rocking back and forth, wringing her hands and repeating rapidly, "I can't breathe. My heart is pounding. I think I'm going to die." Her physician is called to the bedside and tells the nurse, "She is having an anxiety attack." What assessment can be made by the nurse?
severe anxiety is present in this patient
Which of the following human needs was not included in Henderson's 14 basic needs of patients?
sexuality
Why is a basic understanding of ethnopharmacology part of being a culturally competent nurse?
significant differences among ethnic groups have been found is relation to the effects of medications
A nurse is contemplating a political leadership position and wonders if she/he has the desired characteristics to make a good leader. Which of the following traits is inconsistent with a good leader?
solves problems methodically using a strict model
A patient in whom cancer has just been diagnosed tells the nurse, "Just get out of here and leave me alone! Let me suffer alone. God is punishing me." The nurse determines that the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for this patient is
spiritual distress.
A patient in whom metastatic cancer is diagnosed tells the nurse, "God has never let me down before. I'll pray for strength." This patient's illness behavior is being influenced by
spirituality.
In 1900, the primary reason for hospital-based nursing education programs was to
staff the hospitals that operated the education programs.
The legal definition of nursing for any particular state can be found in the
state's nurse practice act.
An agency that provides inpatient care related to less complex conditions and does not require high-technology monitoring or complex diagnostic procedures is providing which level of care?
subacute care
Which of the following is an example of health promotion and maintenance?
talking to a women's church group about having an annual mammogram
Which of the following is an example of rehab and disease management?
teaching patients with newly diagnosed diabetes the signs of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia
Hospices that provide care to terminally ill patients and their families in hospitals, in the home, or in special hospice facilities provide which level of health care?
tertiary care
An impact of health care cost-containment measures on nursing has been?
the concern about the assurance of quality care
The major benefit of serving as a military nurse is
the financial support to seek advanced degrees.
The racial and ethnic composition of the nursing profession will change to more accurately reflect the population as a whole when
the increased numbers of racial and ethnic minorities enrolled in educational programs graduate and begin to practice.
A group of concepts and propositions that describe linkages between the concepts is a
theory
Biomedical technology involves the use of complex machines or devices in patient care situations. Because of the highly technological environment in which nurses work, it is important that nurses
use human touch and words of reassurance frequently to convey caring.
A father of four is admitted after an automobile accident in which two of the children were killed. Recognizing that he is in very serious condition, the nurse believes that it would be appropriate to avoid telling him about the death of his children unless he asks directly. This could be considered a violation of the ethical principle of
veracity.
Answering a terminally ill child's questions about his or her condition honestly is based on a belief in the ethical principle of
veracity.
Answering a terminally ill childs questions about his or her condition honestly is based on a belief in the ethical principle of
veracity.
Who is credited with developing the theory on systems?
von Bertalanffy
The discovery of oxygen would be called pure science because this information
was obtained for the sake of obtaining new knowledge of the world.
Which contemporary theorist is best known for her emphasis on the caring aspect of nursing?
watson