Into to Psychology Chapter 8

Episodic memory is exemplified by one's memory for: A: hot to ride a bike B: the formula for the area of a triangle C: the name of Montana's state capitol D: one's first kiss

D: one's first kiss

Rhonda cannot remember anything about the first several minutes immediately following a car crash in which she was injured. Rhonda is experiencing _____ amnesia.

anterograde

Cori studied French in high school but has not heard or spoken French in years. Her friend introduces her to someone from France. He begins speaking French and Cori cannot understand a word. A week later after study, she understands and can respond correctly. Cori was able to improve so rapidly due to:

relearning

Janel was sexually abused by her uncle when she was 5 years old. This experience was so devastating and traumatic that she removed the memory from her conscious awareness. This is an example of a defense mechanism called _____.

repression

Almost everybody has had the feeling of knowing the answer to a question, but not being quite able to say it. This is called the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon, and is a failure of:

retrieval

In _____ interference, information learned recently disrupts the recall of information learned earlier.

retroactive

Bruce watches a new television program with enthusiasm. He then watches a second, similar program. Bruce later finds it difficult to remember the details of the first program; he finds that details about the second program keep intruding. What has probably occurred?

retroactive interference

Although _____ memory is rich and detailed, people lose the information in it very quickly unless they use certain strategies that transfer it into other memory systems.

sensory

The primacy and recency effects are both components of the _____ effect.

serial position

Ricardo distributes his study time rather than cramming because he wants to retain the information for the long term. He is taking advantage of the _____ effect.

spacing

Based on the _____ effect, _____ practice leads to better learning than _____ practice does.

spacing; distributed; massed

Walking past a classroom's open door, Michael overhears an instructor say, "In the next unit, we will explore how information is acquired, stored, and retrieved for later use." Michael realizes that the next unit must be about:

memory

Joe is happy to hear that the test is all multiple choice questions as he feels he has a good chance to pass by using:

recognition

Having read a story once, certain amnesia victims will read it faster the second time, even though they cannot recall having seen the story before. They have MOST likely suffered damage to the:

hippocampus

Lara is trying to remember events from her life as an 18-month-old. However, as hard as she might try, she has no conscious memory for anything that occurred before her third birthday. This is MOST likely due to the fact that her _____, which is involved in storing explicit memories, was NOT fully developed at that age.

hippocampus

Nine-year-old Jade has just discovered something very interesting. She can look at a picture in a book and, when she closes her eyes, she can still see the picture very clearly for a few tenths of a second. Jade is experiencing _____ memory.

iconic

Memories of emotionally significant events are called:

Flashbulb memories

If students study for a test by reviewing multiple-choice items, but the test is given in an essay format, they are not likely to do as well as they might have if the test were also multiple choice. This is explained by the:

encoding specificity principle

Due to studies on ____________, it is thought that most mammalian species can distinguish species by the look of them

facial recognition

A recall test is to a recognition test as _____ is to _____.

fill in the blank; multiple choice

Luca has been studying all week for his final exam in biology. He studies until he is ready to go to bed because he knows that information presented within _____ before sleep will be remembered well.

1 hour

If the functioning of one's cerebellum is impaired, one would have trouble: A: recalling one's capitol B: tying a knot C: reciting a poem D: learning a new language

B: tying a knot

One way that researchers have explored short-term memory is by eliminating _____, as in the study conducted by Lloyd Peterson and Margaret Peterson.

Rehearsal

People's ability to recall an item from a list depends on where in the list the item occurs. This is known as the _____ effect.

serial position