Intro Psych Revel Ch 11
Which of the following questions would be most immediately addressed by conducting what Richard Lazarus refers to as a primary appraisal?
"How big of a deal is this problem?"
Cattell's research and use of factor analysis essentially scaled down many, many different ways of describing aspects of personality into __________ source traits.
16
Several studies have found nearly a _________ percent rate of heritability across several cultures with respect to the five-factor model of personality.
50
Which of the following statements concerning the self-concept is false?
It is formed based solely on what a person believes about himself or herself.
You have walked in late to class, and your psychology professor is explaining how one personality theorist sees personality as a relatively stable set of potential responses to various situations. You know immediately that your professor is talking about the theories of
Julian Rotter
Which neo-Freudian believed personality was mostly a product of dealing with anxieties during childhood?
Karen Horney
Which of the following personality assessments might be best suited for objectively identifying abnormal patterns of behavior or thinking?
MMPI-2-RF
The _________ is based on the five-factor model, while the ____________ is based on the work of Raymond Cattell.
NEO-PI-3; 16PF
Which of the following is an example of a halo effect?
Shawn unknowingly tends to rate his new client's behavior slightly higher during testing after noticing the client is wearing a class ring from his own alma mater.
What is a primary advantage of the social-cognitive view of personality over the psychodynamic view?
The social cognitive view has concepts that can be tested scientifically.
As examples of what might be required as parts of specific projective tests, the _______________ asks clients to look at a picture and tell a story while the ____________ asks clients to report everything they see in an ambiguous figure.
Thematic Apperception Test; Rorschach
Personality neuroscience is an emerging field offering evidence of a possible relationship between various aspects of personality with
brain structure and function.
According to Rogers, a mismatch between the real and ideal self
can result in anxiety and neurotic behavior.
Trait theories are less concerned with ________________________ and more concerned with ______________________.
changing personality; predicting personality
According to Adler, the defense mechanism of ________ is important in our personality development, as we attempt to overcome feelings of inferiority.
compensation
Mia's parents told her that they expected her to become a doctor, like her father and grandfather before her. They told her that if she chose any other career, they would no longer support her or respect her choice. According to Rogers, Mia's parents were giving her
conditional positive regard.
Dr. Hill is constantly late for meetings. She often arrives to her classes 5 to 10 minutes late and leaves students waiting at her door during office hours for up to 30 minutes. Using the five-factor model, which dimension would show a very low score for Dr. Hill?
conscientiousness
Letty works hard at her job because she believes it will increase her chances for a promotion. According to Julian Rotter's theory, her effort is an example of what he calls
e
Ginger believes that fate will help her find the right man with whom to live her life. According to Rotter, she has a(n)
external locus of control
In the Big Five theory of personality, "E" stands for
extraversion
Which perspective of psychology focuses on the role of each person's conscious life experiences and choices in personality development?
humanistic
According to Freud, which part of the personality is totally buried within each individual?
id
Soleil has been very upset with her boss for the past few days, because she was reprimanded for something that was not her fault. Soleil's boyfriend keeps encouraging her to talk to her boss about the problem, but Soleil always has difficulty expressing negative emotions, and thus keeps them stuffed inside. Soleil appears to have a ________ personality.
Type C
Your professor explains how all females have an inner masculine side that adds to their personality. This concept is known as a(n)
animus
Karen Horney's study of one's personality focused on
anxiety during childhood
According to Freud, the ___________________ works off of the pleasure principle, while the ___________________ is often perceived as the executive director of your personality.
id;ego
Four-year-old Brandon has watched his father as he has mowed the lawn. This year, Brandon has asked for a lawn mower of his own for his birthday. Freud would say that Brandon is beginning the process of _________ as a way of resolving his Oedipal conflict.
identification
Bebarly appreciates compliments about her new photography business but really values constructive criticism, as she can then address particular issues. According to Julian Rotter, Bebarly has a(n)
internal locus of control.
According to behavioral theory, personality primarily consists of
learned responses.
Frequency counts and rating scales are especially helpful in assessing
observable behaviors
You are shocked to hear that two of your coworkers, who seemingly hated one another, are now getting married. According to Freud, what defense mechanism best explains their prior behavior?
reaction formation
According to Richard Lazarus, when someone asks themselves, "How can I deal with this potentially harmful stressor?" the individual is focused on a __________ appraisal.
secondary
In Rogers's viewpoint, what is the striving to fulfill innate capacities and needs called?
self-actualizing tendency
An old motto of the U.S. Army was, "Be all you can be." This concept fits well with Carl Rogers's theory of
self-actualizing tendency.
Albert Bandura considers ____________________ as a person's expectancy of how effective his or her efforts to accomplish a goal will be in any particular circumstance
self-efficacy
Many of Johnathon's friends like to dress up on Halloween as devils, vampires, and zombies. According to Carl Jung's theory, what archetype is being expressed?
shadow
What did Carl Rogers mean by the term "fully functioning person"?
someone who is experiencing a match between his or her real and ideal self and who is also trusting of their innermost intuitions and urges
Studies of the heritability of personality traits have found
strong evidence to support that some personality traits can be passed on by genetics.
A colleague at work is asked to describe you to the new manager. Most likely, the traits they will use in their description are examples of
surface traits.
If you are describing characteristics of your child such as irritability or adaptability, psychologists would say you are not describing their personality but rather their
temperament
Which of the following traits or characteristics were NOT found to be more similar in identical twins when compared to fraternal twins in the Minnesota twin study?
tendency to divorce
What is a major shortcoming in the field of behavioral genetics in terms of their studies on human personality traits?
Behavioral geneticists are unable to conduct controlled research studies on human subjects.
What, if anything, have adoption studies taught us regarding the relationship between heredity and personality?
Adoption studies have confirmed that personality can be strongly influenced by genetics.
Jolene rarely takes any work home, preferring to leave her work worries at the office. She is a bit carefree and not as ambitious as some of the other women in her office. Instead, Jolene likes to have a lot of leisure time whenever possible. She is also easygoing and doesn't lose her temper often, preferring to avoid conflict. Which of the following statements about Jolene is most likely TRUE?
She has a Type B personality
If you are asked to describe your best friends by explaining how they act, typically feel, and what they think about, you would be describing their
personality
Which type of assessment would be the most reliable?
personality inventory
The awakening of sexual curiosity and interest in the genitals is the beginning of what Freud termed the
phallic stage.
What is the function of a validity scale?
to determine if a person is giving an accurate response
Greg rushes to an appointment, arriving 20 minutes early, whereas Aaron arrives with only minutes to spare. Slightly annoyed when Greg points this out, Aaron replies very casually, "Hey, I'm here." We might assume Greg has more of a __________ personality, whereas Aaron is more __________.
type A; Type B
According to Freud, the ___________________ mind was the most important determining factor in human behavior and personality.
unconscious
