Intro to Computing - Chapter 2: Hardware

Click 3 characteristics of desktop computers.

1. Desktops are often used in offices since they do not need to be mobile. 2. Desktops use a full OS. 3. Desktops allow for relatively easy upgrade and expansion.

Which three of the following are commonly associated with laptop computers?

1. Full operating system 2. Mobile 3. Integrated keyboard, monitor, and touchpad

Which three of the following are common types of servers?

1. Web Server 2. Network Server 3. File Server

Which two of the following items are commonly included when you purchase a Windows PC laptop computer with a solid-state hard drive?

1. An operating system 2. A universal serial bus (USB) port

Which two of the following responses best define the term "resolution" in output devices?

1. Quality of the image 2. Number of pixels in a display

Smartphones owe much of their popularity and computing flexibility to ___ .

Apps (applications)

Which computer component found on the motherboard (magnified in the image) is often called the brains of the computer?

CPU (brains of the computer)

Clock speed, also referred to as _____ _____, is the speed at which the processor performs the operations required to run a digital device and instructions executed by the digital device.

Clock Rate

A personal computer with a separate system unit (chassis or tower) and a relatively large footprint is called a ___ .

Desktop

It is important to be able to identify the different types of computers. For example, what do you call a computer that has a separate chassis (or tower) that connects to separate peripherals such as the monitor, keyboard, and mouse?

Desktop

Memory used to increase a hard drive's efficiency

Disk cache

Which four steps are the part of the machine cycle?

Fetch, decode, execute, and store

Intel

Founded in 1968, this is the world's largest designer of computer chips. Its i5, i7, and i9 chips dominate the personal computer market.

AMD

Founded in 1969, this company's technology is featured inside most gaming consoles including the PS5.

Nvidia

Founded in 1993, produces popular mobile device processors.

Tablet computer

Highly mobile—you can use it while standing or walking around

Laptop computer

Hinged, clamshell-type mobile computer

The largest chip designing and manufacturing company in the world is ___

Intel

A two-in-one computer combines a large tablet computer with a (usually) detachable ___

Keyboard

Memory located directly on the processor itself

L1 cache

Memory located next to the processor

L3 cache

Can evaluate complex data very quickly. Many of these computers in the United States are owned by the government or major research institutions and can cost $1 million dollars or more.

Supercomputers

A computer that is highly mobile, often has a smaller operating system (OS), and uses a touchscreen as the primary input method is called a _____.

Tablet

File Server

Used for data storage.

Web Server

Used to control access to resources on the Web.

Network Server

Used to control access to resources such as printers and applications on a network.

Devices that integrate the computer case (chassis) and system components into the monitor, but have an external keyboard and mouse are called ___ computers

all-in-one

If you want a non-mobile computer without the relatively large footprint of a desktop, consider purchasing a(n) ___ computer.

all-in-one

In addition to the RAM, modern processors temporarily keep frequently accessed data in a _____.

cache

The amount of instructions the CPU can process per second is dictated by the ___

clock

Memory, such as RAM or cache, is __ and has no moving parts.

electronic (solid state)

Small computers that are a component of other devices are called ___ computers.

embedded

The computer that can be found inside a digital watch (not an iWatch) is referred to as a(n) ___ computer. It has a real-time operating system.

embedded

Sometimes called a convertible laptop, a type of laptop that has a removable, or concealed keyboard as well as a touchscreen so that it can be used as a tablet is called a(n) ___

2-In-1

A stationary (non-mobile) computer that combines the power of a desktop with a neat, clean, look is a(n):

All-In-One

Which important process is performed by the CPU?

Machine style (fetch, decode, execute, store)

While not designed to solve complex technical formulas, a computer that is more powerful than a server computer, and used by organizations to process large numbers of transactions simultaneously is called a

Mainframe

The devices shown in the image (iPod, Chromecast, Roku, etc.) are referred to as Personal ___ Players

Media

Two or more complete processors residing on the same chip and capable of executing two or more sets of instructions at a time is called a ____-core processor.

Multi

Desktop computer

Not mobile, but allows for relatively easy upgrade and expansion.

Changing processor setting so that computer runs faster than recommended by the manufacturer is called

Overclocking

Media players allow you to listen to audio files such as music, podcasts, listen to audio books, and watch videos. Media players are often referred to as _____ Media Players due to their transportability and customization.

Personal

All computations and activities in a digital device are conducted by the ___

Procesor

When a computer is shut down, the information in the memory (the RAM, the caches, the registers) is ___.

not saved

Digital device manufactures include separate chips of storage (nonvolatile) that contain instructions not designed to be rewritten or removed. An example of these instructions includes the basic input-output system (BIOS). This type of storage is separate from the hard drive and is referred to as

read

A computer system in a network that is shared by multiple users is called a

server

For which of the following two reasons, you might purchase a tablet computer rather than a laptop?

1. You need a highly mobile computer that works well for reading e-books or Netflix 2. You need a computer that you can use while walking

All-in-one computer

Not mobile, but since most of its components are housed behind the monitor it takes relatively little space on your desk.

A processor composed of one control unit and one arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is called a:

single-core processor

A cell phone that allows you to surf the web is called a(n) ___. This is actually a powerful computer capable of accepting input, processing data into information, providing data, and storing data.

smartphone

Devices allowing the retention of data, when your computer has been shut down, for future use are called __.

storage

In an all-in-one computer, such as the one pictured in the image, the motherboard is housed behind the

monitor OR screen OR display