Intro to Leadership Ch. 11, 12
C) Cultural differences provide potential for conflicts
Employees belonging to a certain religion at a meatpacking plant in the country of Atria protested against not being allowed extra break times to pray during their holy month. Employees not belonging to that religion felt that allowing extra breaks would amount to "preferential treatment." In the context of the given scenario, which of the following statements is true?
A) one's culture and subculture are inherently superior to other cultures.
Ethnocentrism is the belief that:
True
It is imperative that leaders in international organizations learn to understand local cultures and deal with them effectively.
A) It can build stronger connections with various customers.
Which of the following statements is true of a diverse workforce?
True
A benefit of employee affinity groups is that people often obtain sponsors through their affiliation with the groups.
B) creates an atmosphere of change.
A charismatic leader:
D) globalization
A factor contributing to increased acceptance of diversity is:
C) Establish diversity training programs.
How can a company reduce the difficulties faced by women and minorities in its workforce?
True
In interactive leadership, the leader favors a consensual and collaborative process.
D) separation.
In many European languages, the meaning of "diversity" is different from the U.S. term because the closest word implies:
B) legal requirements are met, but diversity is viewed as a problem
In stage 1 of personal diversity awareness, _____.
B) opt-out trend.
In the United States, some women leaders feel that the cost of climbing the corporate ladder is too high and they leave before ever encountering the glass ceiling. This phenomenon has been referred to as the:
A) resistance
In the context of follower responses to the use of power, the act of disobeying orders or deliberately avoiding carrying out instructions is known as _____.
D) Advocates
In the context of stakeholder buy-in, who among the following are strong supporters and will help lead a change effort?
B) rational persuasion
In the context of the principles for leader influence, _____ means using facts, data, and logical arguments to convince others that a proposed idea or request is the best way to complete a task or accomplish a desired goal.
C) They are more individually considerate than male leaders.
In the context of the survey of followers, which of the following statements is true of female leaders?
False
In the political frame of leader reference, leaders perceive an organization as a system of shared meaning and values.
True
Intellectual stimulation, a leadership quality, means questioning current methods and challenging employees to think in new ways.
False
Leaders use the symbolic frame of reference to involve followers and give them opportunities for personal and professional development.
D) greater power
Leaders who use a wider variety of influence tactics are typically perceived as having:
D) exploitative
Personalized leaders are characterized as _____.
False
Personalized leaders exercise power in the service of higher goals that will benefit others and the organization as a whole.
B) structural frame
The _____, a leader frame of reference, views an organization as a rational system and strives for clarity of direction and control of results.
A) political frame
The _____, a leader frame of reference, views organizations as arenas of ongoing conflict or tension over the allocation of scarce resources.
D) They use unconventional means to transcend the existing order.
Which of the following statements is true of charismatic leaders?
B) It is the negative side of legitimate and reward power.
Which of the following statements is true of coercive power of leaders?
B) It helps develop employee potential
Which of the following statements is true of diversity?
C) They favor a consensual process.
Which of the following statements is true of interactive leaders?
C) Prevailing attitudes are invisible obstacles to women's advancement.
Which of the following statements is true of the glass ceiling?
B) Discrimination
Which of the following terms identifies an action that is illegal in the United States?
A) Machiavellian-style leaders
Which of the following types of leaders typically focus on gaining and using individual power?
A) Charismatic Leader
Which of the following types of leaders uses unconventional means to transcend the status quo and create change?
D) Machiavellian-style leaders
Who among the following use rewards and punishments to shape behavior and do not mind exploiting the fears and desires of people to get them to follow rules?
False
Women leaders tend to be competitive and prefer vertical hierarchies.
C) Transactional leaders
_____ are good at traditional management functions such as planning and budgeting and generally focus on the impersonal aspects of job performance.
C) Socialized leaders
_____ exercise power in the service of higher goals that will benefit others and the organization as a whole.
D) Cultural intelligence
_____ refers to a person's ability to use reasoning and observation skills to interpret unfamiliar gestures and situations and devise appropriate behavioral responses.
A) Prejudice
_____ refers to an adverse feeling or opinion formed without regard for the facts.
D) Sponsorship
_____ refers to strong support from a powerfully positioned executive who is willing to put his or her reputation on the line to promote an individual's advancement to higher organizational levels.
B) Influence
_____ refers to the effect a person's actions have on the attitudes, values, beliefs, or actions of others.
C) Soft power
_____ that includes expert power and referent power is based on personal characteristics and interpersonal relationships.
A) Compliance
_____, a follower response to the use of power, means that people follow the directions of the person with power, whether or not they agree with those directions.
A) Compliance
_____, a follower response to the use of power, means that people will obey orders and carry out instructions even though they may not like it.
D) Intellectual stimulation
_____, a leadership quality, means questioning current methods and challenging employees to think in new ways.
A) The action should respect the rights of individuals and groups affected by it.
Which of the following is a criterion that can guide ethical action?
C) Pay level
Which of the following is a dimension of the traditional model of diversity?
D) Relying on the rule of reciprocity
Which of the following is a principle for asserting leader influence?
D) Using rational persuasion
Which of the following is one of the political tactics for asserting leader influence?
A) people accept inequality in power among institutions, organizations, and individuals.
According to Hofstede's social value system, high power distance means that:
False
According to Hofstede's social value system, high uncertainty avoidance reflects a value for a loosely knit social framework in which individuals are expected to take care of themselves.
A) Higher collective intelligence
According to a recent study, what is the effect of having more women on a team?
C) unconscious bias
According to a report from the National Bureau of Economic Research, white-sounding names got 50 percent more call-backs than African American-sounding names, even when skills and experience were equal. This is an example of _____ in the workplace.
B) femininity
According to the Hofstede studies, _____ reflects the values of relationships, cooperation, group decision making, and quality of life.
True
All leaders need to be aware of the impact that culture may have and consider cultural values in their dealings with employees.
A) diversity of thought
All organizations need _____ to achieve high performance.
False
At stage 2 of personal diversity awareness, people are capable of integrating differences and adapting both cognitively and behaviorally.
B) Does the action meet the standards of fairness and equity?
Which of the following questions can guide you to make ethical decisions?
True
Charismatic leadership typically instills both awe and submission in followers, whereas transformational leadership seeks to increase follower engagement and empowerment.
D) observe and understand patterns of interaction and influence in an organization.
Coalitional leaders:
False
Female leaders are typically rated lower by subordinates on interpersonal skills as well as on factors such as task behavior, communication, and goal accomplishment.
B) commitment
Follower _____, a response to the use of power, helps to overcome the fear associated with change efforts.
False
Glass walls offer experience in areas such as line supervision that would enable women to advance to senior-level positions.
A) gender discrimination.
Grace and Richard work for QWERTY Corp. They have similar experience and both have been promoted to senior managers for a new project. However, Grace is paid less than Richard for the same work. This is an example of:
False
Machiavellian-style leaders focus on reaching out and working with others.
False
Network building does not impact followers' perceptions of a leader's abilities.
D) breaking down barriers and promoting cross-silo cooperation.
One of the steps for effective coalitional leadership includes:
A) promote the hiring of diverse employees.
Organizations establish workforce diversity programs to:
A) gender discrimination
Paying a woman less than a man for the same work is known as _____.
False
Power is used to force, not influence, people to take a particular action.
B) Relying on the rule of reciprocity
Research indicates that most people feel a sense of obligation to give something back in return for favors others do for them. In the context of the principles for asserting leader influence, which of the following principles should a leader employ to exploit the given research finding?
True
Sexual harassment is an example of the unethical use of power.
A) Prejudice
Stereotyping is an aspect of _____.
D) all of an individual's characteristics.
The inclusive model of diversity includes differences in:
A) Behavior is perceived differently from culture to culture
The manager of a company situated in the country of Aria lost a business deal with a company situated in the country of Iota. The Arian manager complained to the Iotan higher-level executives when he couldn't obtain information from his counterparts in Iota. The higher-level Iotan executives were offended by his behavior. The Arian manager was surprised since hierarchy was never a matter of concern in his country. In the context of the given scenario, which of the following statements is true?
True
The responses to the use of power include compliance, resistance, and commitment.
B) ethnocentrism
When Melanie moved to Japan, she refused to learn anything about the Japanese culture. Instead, she fiercely clung to all of the culture and customs from her homeland. Melanie is practicing _____.
B) discrimination
When a leader and company act out prejudicial attitudes toward people who are the targets of their prejudice, _____ occurs.
D) referent power
When workers admire a supervisor because of the way he or she deals with them, the influence is based on:
True
Transformational leaders have the ability to lead changes in an organization's vision, strategy, and culture as well as promote innovation in products and technologies.
B) inspires followers to go beyond their own self-interests for the good of the group.
Transformational leadership:
A) Changing demographics
Which of the following factors has led to an expanding attitude toward diversity?
