INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE

Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences

8 types of frames of mind linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, visual-spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal

Allison is at a workshop where a presenter is attempting to persuade people to make a rather risky but potentially profitable financial investment. The arguments for investing appeal to logic and reason. After slowly and carefully considering the presenter's arguments, Alison finds that this person's idea sounds compelling and decides to invest. This example best demonstrates the

Central route persuasion

Social expectations that cause an individual to act in such a way that the expectations are realized.

Self-fulfilling prophecy.

which of the following characterizes pubertal change in adolescents?

The peak of pubertal change occurs at an average age of 11½ for girls and 13½ for boys.

analytical

ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast

practical

ability to use, apply, implement, and put ideas into practice

According to Piaget, accommodation refers to

adjusting current schemas in order to make sense of new experiences

Sternberg's Triarchic Theory 3 forms

analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, practical intelligence

male sex hormone

androgens (testosterone)

According to Jung, the collective unconscious contains

archetypes

are people's opinions and beliefs about other people, objects, and ideas, and how they feel about the world.

attitudes

which of the following infant reflexes disappears in the months following birth as infants develop voluntary control over many behaviors?

automatically hand grasping disappears

which of the following is one of the criteria that distinguish abnormal behavior from normal behavior?

behavior that is deviant

Mindfulness is:

being alert and mentally present

Recognizing problems involves _____.

being aware of and open to experiences

According to the cognitive dissonance theory, when attitudes and behavior conflict, individuals are most likely to reduce cognitive dissonance by:

changing their attitudes to fit the behavior.

which of the following is the correct course of prenatal development?

conception, zygote, embryo, fetus

Mental categories used to group objects, events, and characteristics

concepts

Class of female sex hormones

estrogens and progesterone

Karen has been suffering from a disorder that is characterized by exaggerated and irrational worry that tends to interfere with her daily functioning. She can't sleep properly and often complains of stomach aches. In spite of being constantly nervous and restless she cannot seem to find the specific cause of her worry. These symptoms have lasted for almost six months now. Which of the following disorders is Karen most likely to be diagnosed with?

generalized anxiety disorder

Which of the following is true of algorithms and heuristics used for solving real-life problems?

heuristics and short cut strategies

According to drive reduction theory, the goal of drive reduction is

homeostasis

Nelly's friends attempt to convince Nelly to try cocaine at a party. Even though Nelly is tempted, she resists because she knows that the consequences of her actions would be disastrous for her body. In the context of Freud's structures of personality, Nelly's temptation to take cocaine is most likely dictated by her _____. Her decision not to take the cocaine is most likely dictated by her _____.

id; ego

which of the following chemical substances plays a state of feeling full?

leptin

Whenever Olivia watches a television commercial featuring food, she is ridden by a desire to eat. These feelings of hunger stimulate Olivia to go to the kitchen to search for food. Olivia's behavior can be studied by conducting research in the area of motivation

motivation

the term used to refer to a person's biological inheritance, especially his or her genes

nature

--- is a physical or biological deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation

need

a pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world

personality

According to Freud, penis envy and the Oedipus complex is experienced during which of the following psychosexual stages of development?

phallic

Dissociative disorders often occur in individuals who also show signs of _____.

post-traumatic stress disorder

severe psychological disorder characterized by highly disordered thought processes

schizophrenia

what was published in 1952 by the American psychiatric association for the major classification of psychlogical disorders in the US

the DSM- (diagnostic statistical manual of mental disorders)

creative

the ability to create, design, invent, originate and imagine

The tendency of an individual who observes an emergency to help less when other people are present than when the observer is alone

the bystander effect

The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of internal traits when they seek explanations of another person's behavior is called

the fundamental attribution error

Cognitive Psychology is the study of

the mind and mental processes

what theoretical approach emphasizes the contributions of experiences, thoughts, emotions and personality characteristics in explaining psychological disorders?

the psychological approach

what did freud consider to be the most important motivator of all human activity?

the sexual drive