Intro to PTA Exam 2
what does TDWB stand for?
Touch Down Weight Bearing
why do nursing homes use diathermy?
hot packs hurt the patients (but diathermy is not often used because the old machines are dangerous)
what is the insertion of the infraspinatus?
humerus
what is the insertion of the subscapularis?
humerus
what is the insertion of the supraspinatus?
humerus
what is the insertion of the teres minor?
humerus
where are hot packs stored?
hydocollator
why would a patient need a platform crutch?
if they have a fracture in their forearm or arthritis
what is the origin of the gluteus medius?
ilium
what is the origin of the rectus femoris
ilium
what is Medicare Type B?
in an outpatient setting
What is false imprisonment?
in physical therapy, this could occur when a clinician does something to intentionally do something to restrict a patients movement. this could be refusing to let a patient discharge himself from a facility against medical advice, or attempting to prevent a patient from leaving the clinic until he has paid an overdue bill for services
what is Medicare Type A?
in the hospital setting
Describe a patient modality area?
may have booth with curtains or small private rooms, equipment includes plinths, step stoops, cabinets, linen bag and sinks
what is direct on-premises supervision?
means that physical presence of a licensed physical therapist in the facility, including affiliated building in immediate proximity, who is immediately available to exercise supervision, direction and control
When is an automatic suspension issued?
mental incompetency or conviction of a felony
what is general supervision?
the PT is not required to be on site for direction and supervision but must be available at least by telecommunications
what does Foreseeability mean?
the ability to predict that an event could occur; related to proximate cause
what does Plaintiff mean?
the alleged victim in a civil suit
Who maintains a list of preapproved providers for continuing education and make the list publicly available on the PA state board of PT website?
the board
what are the procedures for applying paraffin wax?
wash hands before and after, dip 10 times, wrap with wax paper or plastic warp and toweling for insulation
what does WBAT stand for?
weight bearing as tolerated
what must the waiting room be?
wheelchair accessible
what is power (power and privilege)?
when one group (or individual) has an advantage over another in terms of resources decision making and influences
what is privilege (power and privilege)?
when one group can assume that its cultural norms and expectations are accepted and supported without having to ask for that to be the case
when might a PT decide that a PTA needs more supervision than what the law requires?
when the PTA switches environment and clientele and when they are beginning the profession (experience)
when would a patient need a platform walker?
when they cant push down
what are the types of canes?
wide base quad cane (WBQC), narrow base quad cane (NBQC), single point cane (SPC)
what happens if you fail to complete the minimum required amount of continuing education?
will be subject to disciplinary actions including revocation of certification
what is common law?
these laws are established by court decisions
What does respondeat superior mean?
"let the master answer"
What does res ipsa loquitur mean?
"the thing speaks for itself" lessens the burden of proof in a civil case by assuming that something would not have occurred without negligence
what is the temperature of cold packs?
-5 degrees C (23 F)
refusal or suspension or revocation of license or certification-the board shall refuse to issue a license or certificate to an individual who has..
-attempted to or obtained licensure or certification by fraud or misrepresentation -engage in conduct that subverts or undermines the integrity of the exam -committed repeated occasions of negligence or incompetence in the practice -convicted of a felony or crime of moral turpitude and including a verdict of guilt, admission of guilt or plea of nolo contendere -addicted to drugs or alcohol -guilty of unprofessional conduct -attempting to treat ailments not related to physical therapy -has has his license or certificate to practice revoked or suspended or having other disciplinary action taken or his application for a license or certificate refused, revoked or suspended by proper authority -made misleading, deceptive untrue or fraudulent representations -failed to supervise a PTA -aiding an unlicensed individual to practice a profession contrary to this
What may be the licensure requirements for PTAs (vary from state to state)?
-graduation from accredited education program (CAPTE) - National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) -Jurisprudence examination -Age, practical, letter of recommendation
what is the licensure requirements for PTAs in Pennsylvanis?
-graduation from accredited educational program (CAPTE) -passed the National Physical Therapy Exam (NPTE) -3 hours of child abuse education -Criminal History Check - notification of information (Self Query) from the National Practitioner Data Bank -Letter of Good Standing (LOGS) -Resume/Curriculum Vitae
(Nondelegable activities accountability) PTA's can not:
-interpret referrals-make initial patient contact and evaluation or reevaluation -determination and modification of a patient plan of care-final discharge assessment/evaluation -mobilization - group of techniques comprising a continuum of skilled passive movements to the joints or related soft tissues or both, throughout the normal physiological range of motion that are applied at varying speeds and amplitudes without limitation (can do passive ROM exercises) -the performance of consultations
What are the requirements of a PTA to be eligible for a certification by the board
-must be 18 yrs old -be of good moral character -not be addicted to the alcohol or narcotics -graduate from a PTA program accredited by CAPTE -Pass the NPTE
What information must be included in a written child abuse report?
-name and address of the child and the parents or other person responsible for the care of the child -where the suspected abuse occurred -age and sex of the subject -nature and extent of the suspected child abuse including any evidence of prior abuse -name and relationship of the persons responsible for causing the suspected abuse -family composition -source of the report -person making the report and where they can be reached -actions taken by the reporting source, including photographs, and x-rays -other information which the department of public welfare may require
pts may not assign or delegate ptas to screen (determine the need for further examination or intervention by a PT) for the following
-primary, secondary or tertiary services -further examination or intervention -consultation by a pt -referral to another health care practitioner
What are the functions of a Physical therapist assistant?
-provide patient-care services in the patient's plan of care -modify treatment as indicated in the patient's plan of care -respond to acute changes in the patient's physiological state -perform selected tests and measurements consistent with the PTA formal education and training -PTA may not interpret referrals or tests, perform evaluations procedures... -Provide patient care under the supervision of a PT on the basis of not more than 3 PTA for a licenses PT
what are the 4 components of healthcare malpractice?
1. Was there a legal duty of care owed to the plaintiff? (legal duty also known as standard care. Would another provider give that same care) 2. Was the legal duty of care breached or violated? 3. Did the breach of duty cause injury to the plaintiff? 4. Did the plaintiff suffer recognizable damages? i.e 2. didnt test patient sensation to hot+cold 3. pt got burned. 4. yes there is a burn
if a licensees mailing address changes, the licensee shall notify the Board in writing within how many days?
10 days
what is the temperature of paraffin wax? (conduction)
118-130 degrees F (118 on elders and patients with soars, 130 on younger patients)
what is the temperature of cold immersion baths?
13-19 degrees C (55-66 degrees F)
what degree the elbow be flexed with gait training?
15-30
What temperature should hot packs be stored at? (conduction)
150- 180 degrees F (150 for elders and 180 for younger people)
what is the supervising ration in Pennsylvania?
1:3
in an emergency situation, where the PT is absent, a PTA can continue to practice for how many days per month?
2 (May only render services to patients the PT has seen and established plans of care for/ must be a patient the PTA has seen before. Must maintain a written record noting the date, emergency and submit to the board every 2 years explaining each say absent and the reason) A PT may not be absent more than 10 days per year
how many contact hours must be spent in law or ethics applicable to the practice of physical therapy?
2 contact hours
What must a PTA to be able to find a job that does not require direct on-premise supervision
2000 hours of experience provided patient related acts and services verified by a supervising PT OR employment for at least 3-5 years
How many continuing education hours must be about child abuse?
3 contact hours
If you continuing education is audited how long do you have to reply?
30 days
how many hours of continuing education must a PTA do in every 2 year period?
30 hours (need evidence of the continuing education)
how many of the 30 hours of continuing education must be spend on identifying and responding to emergency health conditions?
4 contact hours
what are the terms for State Board of Physical Therapy?
4 year terms (no member shall serve more than 2 consecutive terms) and a member may continue to serve for a period not to excess six months beyond the expiration of his term
if your PTA license is revoked, how many years must you wait until you can apply for a new one? (unless otherwise ordered by a court)
5 and take the exam again
How long should a PTA keep proof of their continuing education?
5 years
What is the length of time that a pt from another state or country who travels may practice physical therapy in pennsylvania?
60 days within a consecutive 12 month period (traveling with a sports team)
what is the childline phone number?
800-932-0313
what degree is a platform at?
90
what are the preapproved providers of continuing education?
APTA, FSBPT, CAPTE, American heart association, american red cross
after failing one exam, an individual can take a second one when?
After 60 days, within one year. an applicant may take the exam no more than 3 times within a consecutive 12 month period
what patients need elctromyographic biofeedback?
Bell's palsy, after knee surgery, tension neckache and headaches
what does BOSU stand for? (BOSU ball)
Both sides up
what is an example of continuing education spent on emergency health conditions?
CPR
who can refer patients to physical therapy?
CRNP, dentist, physician, physician assistant, podiatrist
what are we required to report any cases of in Pennsylvania?
Child abuse
What is a third-party payer?
Organization other than a patient who pays for services, such as insurance companies, Medicare, and Medicaid
what are supportive personnel?
PTA aides (techs)
What does the State Board consist of and what are the qualifications?
This consists of 13 members, who are all residents of Pennsylvania. 7 of the members must be pts who have practiced for 5 years (3 years must be immediately proceeding the appointment to the board). 1 member must be a pta. remaining 2 members must be a member of the public. 1 member shall be the Commissioner of Professional and Occupational Affairs 1 member shall be the Physician General of the Commonwealth of his designee. 1 member shall be the Attorney General or a designee. The members of this are appointed by governor with advice and consent of the senate. This group must meet no less than 4 times per calendar year
What are the specifics to the treatment a PTA can provide who has not worked 2000 hours or less than 3-5 years?
a PTA may only provide physical therapy when PT is available and accessible in person or by phone to the PTA and is present within a 100 mile radius of facility
what must be worn in all work settings?
a badge
What is the states role in handling accusations of practice act violations?
a complaint is filed (written and notarized), after complaint is filed a probably cause hearing is held, once probable cause is established the matter becomes part of public record (remains confidential if no probable cause hearing is held), second hearing is held with sanctions issued if violation is found to have occurred
what is mobilization/manual therapy?
a group of techniques comprising a continuum of skilled passive movements to the joints and/or related soft tissues throughout the normal physiological range of motion that are applied at varying speeds and amplitudes without limitation
what are the ground for temporary suspension?
a license can be temporarily suspended if there is an immediate and clear danger to the public health or safety (notarized with proof). it is immediately suspended, without a hearing, and a preliminary hearing will be held to determine. if there is not a prima facie case the license will be immediately restored. a temporary suspension cannot last any longer than 180 days
what is health-care disparities?
a person has a greater likelihood of developing a certain disease as a result of belonging to a certain ethnic group
what is a predator?
a person who has committed child abuse and is a parent of the child, a person responsible for the welfare of a child, an individual residing in the same home as a child or a paramours of a child's parents
what is a person responsible for the child's welfare?
a person who provides permanent or temporary care, supervision, mental health diagnosis or treatment, training or control of a child in lieu of parental care, supervision and control
what is the difference between a low mat table and a plinth?
a plinth is higher
what is a physical therapy independent private practice outpatient facility?
a practice owned and operated by a licensee under this act, or by a licensee under this act and a health care practitioner
what are serious mental injury?
a psychological condition as diagnosed by a physician or licensed psychologist including the refusal or appropriate treatment that renders a child chronically and severely anxious, depressed or reasonable fear that the child's life or safety is threatened or seriously interferes with the child's ability to accomplish age appropriate developmental and social tasks
Can a PTA take photographs of the subject of child abuse?
a pta make take or cause to be taken photographs of the child who is subject to a report and, if clinically indicated, cause to be performed a radiological examination and other medical tests on the child.
How many continuing education hours do you get if you teach a course?
a pta teaching a course or conducting a program can receive the same credit as someone attending, plus for the time spent preparing
what is child abuse?
a recent act or failure to act by a perpetrator which causes nonaccidental serious physical injury to a child under 18 -an act or failure to act by a perpetrator which causes nonaccidental serious mental injury to or sexual abuse or sexual exploitation of a child under 18 -serious physical neglect by a perpetrator constituting prolonged or repeated lack of supervision or the failure to provide the essential of life, including adequate medical care, which endangers a childs life or development or impairs the child functioning
PTA who are eligible to register with the board can apply for what?
a temporary certification to practice PTA (must pass test within 6 months or give temporary certification back)
what is an individual residing in the same home as the child?
an individual who is 14 years of age or older and two resides in the same home as the child
what are serious physical injuries?
an injury that caused a child severe pain or significantly impairs a child's physical functioning either temporarily or permanently
what are recent acts or ommisions?
acts or omissions committed within 2 years of the dtae of the report to the department of public welfare or county agency
what is battery?
actual impermissible application of that physical contact or force
What practice setting is direct on-premise care needed?
acute care hospital, acute inpatient rehab center, long term acute care hospital facility setting or as otherwise required by Federal or State law or regulation- under direct on premises supervision of PT
what patients need cold packs?
acute inflammatory condition, plantar fasciitis, tennis elbow, total knee replacement, knee meniscectomies
what does the practice act say about physical therapist students?
after a PT performs the initial evaluation a PT student who is enrolled in a board-approved school of physical therapy may perform acts of physical therapy incidental to the students course of study
when is continuing education contact hours given when publishing or reviewing a book?
after the book or article has been published
what must be present for a claim of healthcare malpractice to be substained?
all four components of health care malpractice
what does Proximate Cause mean?
also known as legal cause; an event that unforeseeably causes another to occur- without the first event, the second would not have happened, may or may not be the cause of harm and may limit a defendants liability
what does Actual Cause mean?
also known as sine qua non, the "but-for" cause: but for this cause, another event could not have occurred
what is the childline?
an organizational unit of the department of public welfare which operates a 24-hour a day statewide toll free telephone system for receiving reports of suspected child abuse
what health-care malpractice?
any action by a health care provider that results in an adverse outcome and liability on the part of the provider
what is sexual misconduct?
any sexual contact, sexual assault or sexual battery between a patient and a health care provider
what patients need fluidotherapy?
arthritis or work related injuries (same as paraffin)
what patients need an ultrasound (US)?
arthritis, sprains, strains, pain, open wounds
when patient care services are provided by the pta, the pt must document reevaluations and adjustments to the POC at least how often?
at least every 30 days or when there is a signifigant change in patient status warranting an earlier patient evaluation
How many continuing education hours get you receive from writing, editing, or reviewing a book?
authoring or editing a book -not to exceed 15 hours authoring or editing a chapter of a book - not to exceed 10 hours authoring or reviewing a published peer-reviewed article - not to exceed 10 hours authoring a non-peer-reviewed article published in a physical therapy publication - not to exceed 5 hours
what are cultural appropriate services?
awareness of individual needs, golden rule vs platinum rule, need to ask questions, takes practice/ willingness to take risks of making mistakes
what are the types of crutches?
axillary (standard), loftstrand (canadian or forearm), platform
what is the teres minor innervation by?
axillary nerve
why would a patient need a loftstrand crutch?
balance and coordination problems (polio)
what does wound care consist of?
bandage carts, sharps container, storage for dressings and medication, lots of waste cans
What is culture?
beliefs, values and norms that people use to identify who they are and how they interact with others. an individualized lens though which people view themselves each other and society and the way we do things
what are the hamstring muscles?
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
where does skin burn easier?
bony prominences
what is criminal law?
branch of the law that deals with offenses against society. when a law is violated, punishment such as jail time or a fine usually results. in this type of law the defendant must be found guilty "beyond a reasonable doubt" (about 90% certain)
what is hot quartz (near UV) (HQUV)?
bright light including infrared used on acne and psoriasis
what is a contrast bath?
buckets or basins of hot and cold water (switch between water)
what are cold immersion baths?
buckets or basins of ice cold water
How shall reports of child abuse be made?
by telephone and by written report
what does Slander mean?
defamatory comments about someone delivered via the spoken or signed word
what does Libel mean?
defamatory untrue comments about someone delivered via the written or electronically communicated word
what is sexual harassment?
defined as unwelcome verbal or physical conduct of sexual nature that implies that submitting to it must occur as a condition of employment, causes unreasonable interference with ones work performance or creates an intimidating hostile or offensive work environment
what can a supportive personnel (physical therapy aide) do and not do?
can assist the PT and PTA in duties that require no education to perform
What can happen if the standard crutch is too high?
can damage the brachial plexus if leaning on it (can cause paralysis/ 2-3 fingers should fit between crutch and axillary)
What instances is a waiver or extended time of continuing education given?
cases involving physical disability, or undue hardship, in this case a written request must be submitted and documentation of the disability or illness must be submitted by a licensed physician (everything must be submitted 90 days preceding the biennial renewal
what is the PTA regulation used in pennsylvania?
certification
What are the types of spinal tractions?
cervical (neck, done sitting or supine) and lumbar (pelvis, done supine or prone)
When should a hot pack for applied?
cervical pain (neck), low back spasms and strains, arthritis, bursitis
what is tort law?
common laws having to do with healthcare malpractice and personal injury
what are the requirements to renew your certification?
complete and submit the renewal application, including payment of the biennial renewal fee, disclose pending criminal charges or any finding or verdict of guilt, admission of guilt, plea of nolo contendere or other criminal conviction-verify that you have completed continuing education requirements-verify that you have maintained professional liability insurance
what factors influence health-care disparities?
components of culture (diet, level of activity) or socioeconomic factors such as education level and neighborhood of residence
who shall you report to if you suspect a child has died as result of abuse?
coroner of the country where death occured
what happens if the continuing education course or program extends beyong a single biennial renewal period?
credit will be awarded in the period in which the course or program is finally completed
what are is the spectrum of cultural sensitivity?
cultural pre-competence, cultural competence, cultural proficiency
what is cultural competence?
development of a skill set regarding diversity and differences (learn about other cultures)
what does a laser do?
diodes emit infrared lights or laser beams to heal tissue and pain reduction (you and patient must wear goggles)
what are the treatment methods for ultrasounds (US)?
direct (with gel or US lotion) indirect (underwater)
until a pta has an indirect license, this type of supervision should be used in ALL practice settings
direct on-premise
what type of supervision must a supportive personnel have?
direct on-premise
what type of vision does the APTA recommend for PTA students?
direct supervision (pt can be in the building not necessarily in the same room)
How should a hot pack be applied?
dont put over clothes, wrap hot pack 6-9 layers of towels (more on bony prominences), check skin of pt often
When is spirituality often seen?
during times of illness, especially those that are more challenging or life threatening
What are the powers and duties of the Board?
duty of the board to pass upon the qualifications of applicants, to conduct examinations, issue and renew, refuse, revoke and suspend licenses and certifications of authorization, can authorize and appoint and empowered to appoint hearing examiners to investigate charges of discipline
what is iontophoresis?
electrically charged medication over the painful and swelling area pushing the medication into the tissue
What are the acts and services not performed by the PTA?
evaluation, testing, interpretation, planning, or modifying of patients programs
what is the action of the gluteus maximus?
extends, external rotation of the hip, adduction of hip and assist with trunk extension
what does Negligence mean?
failure to perform at a minimally acceptable level established to protect the public
what is the rectus femoris innervated by?
femoral nerve
what is the vastus intermedius innervated by?
femoral nerve
what is the vastus lateralis innervated by?
femoral nerve
what is the vastus medialis innervated by?
femoral nerve
what is the insertion of the gluteus maximus?
femur
what is the origin of the vastus intermedius? (located under other quad muscles)
femur
what is the origin of the vastus lateralis?
femur
what is the origin of the vastus medialis?
femur
what is the insertion of the biceps femoris?
fibula
what is the purpose of BOSU balls?
for ankle and lower extremity exercise and balance
What is cold quarts (far UV)(CQUV)?
for local (small body parts) exposure (dim light) to treat wounds by killing bacteria so the wound can heal
what is diathermy (electromagnetic waves)?
form of conversion using short wave (SWD) or microwave (MWD rarely used) can provide deep heat by conversion within the tissue
What does FWB stand for?
full weight bearing
What are the types of physical supervision?
general supervision direct supervision direct personal supervision
what is registration?
generally thought of as least restrictive, this is used when the risk to the public is generally low. usually there is no requirement for specific training or education. it might only consist of providing the state with ones name and address
what shapes culture?
genetics but more so by upbringing and experience
what is a tilt table and when is it used?
get people to an upright position (pt with orthostatic hypotension)
what is the insertion of the gluteus medius?
greater trochanter of femur
what part of a standard crutch should support the patient?
hand piece
what patients is paraffin wax used to treat?
hands and feet for arthritis or work related injuries
what patients get a spinal traction?
herniated discs, pinched nerves, sprains, strains, whiplash, muscle tension
what are covert biases and stereotypes?
hidden and possibly unknown (not liking people who smoke)
what is cultural proficiency?
highest level of the spectrum, an ongoing process of learning, reflection and change attitude
what is the action of the gluteus medius?
hip abduction, anterior fibers- flex the hip, internal rotation, posterior fibers- extension, external rotation, Main function is to stabilize the pelvis when you walk
what is the action of the biceps femoris?
hip extensio, knee flexion, tibial external rotation
what is the action of the semimembranosus?
hip extension, knee flexion, tibial internal rotation
what is the action of the semitendinosus?
hip extension, knee flexion, tibial internal rotation
what is the action of the rectus femoris?
hip flexion, knee extension
what temperature are contrast baths?
hot 100-110, cold 50-55
What kind of supervision is needed for home health care facility?
in this type of facility a PT shall make an onsite visit and actively participate in treatment at least every 7 patient visits or every 14 days, whatever occurs first
What kind of supervision is needed for independent private practice outpatient?
in this type of setting, a PT provides direct on premises supervision for at least 50% of hours worked by PTA during a week unless otherwise required by federal law (Medicare), a PT must be immediately available by telecommunication if not providing direct on premises supervision (need quick communication)
What type of supervision is needed for preschool, primary school, secondary school or other similar education setting
in this type of setting, a PT shall make an onsite visit and examine the patient at least every 4 visits or every 30 days
what is the gluteus maximus innervated by?
inferior gluteal nerve
what is the origin of the semimembranosus?
ischial tuberosity
what is the origin of the semitendinosus?
ischial tuberosity
why should a patient not lay on a hot pack?
it adds pressure and can burn patients (burns are the most common lawsuit)
what is the training and license requirements?
it shall be unlawful for an individual to practice PT unless the individual had met the educational requirements and is licensed in accordance with the provisions of this act and it is a violation of this act for individuals or business entity to provide or bill for physical therapy unless done by a licensed physical therapist (on PT and PTA can provide physical therapy)
what are the common brand names of intermittent compression?
jobst, presson lympharpress(expensive)
What can be done in Maryland that cant be done by a PTA in Pennsylvania?
joint mobilization
what is the action of the vastus intermedius?
knee extension
what is the action of the vastus lateralis?
knee extension
what is the action of the vastus medialis?
knee extension (last 15-30 degrees of knee extension)
what is civil law?
laws that relate to private offenses, one individual against another, and the punishment for violation of a civil law is usually in the form of monetary damages used to compensate the injured party for being "less than whole"
who writes the state practice act?
legislature
What is the licensing board's role role in handling accusations of practice act violations?
licensing board's role is to protect the public's safety , clinicians must prove safety to receive/renew license, state must prove lack of safety when complaint is filed, and it can be more difficult to remove a license once it is received
what does laser stand for?
light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
what is the origin of the biceps femoris?
long head- ischial tuberosity short head- femur head
what is the biceps femoris innervated by?
long head- sciatic short head- common peroneal
what is infrared radiation?
luminous or non-luminous (electromagnetic waves) a form of superficial radiant, dry heat hardly ever used but could be used on the same patients as hot packs
what is sexual impropriety?
making sexually demeaning or sexually suggestive comments about about or to a patient, including comments about a patients body or undergarments -unnecessarily exposing a patients body or watching a patient dress or undress, unless for therapeutic purposes or the patient specifically requests assistance -examining or touching genitals without the use of gloves when performing an otherwise appropriate examination -discussing or commenting on a patients sexual performance or requesting details of a patients sexual history -soliciting a date -volunteering information to a patient about ones sexual problems
what is negligence referred to as in healthcare?
malpractice
what are the quadricep muscles?
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius,
What is ultrasound (US)?
method of conversion using very high frequency sound waves that you can't hear, can be superficial or deep depending on the frequency (3mHz is superficial) and have thermal or non thermal (used for wounds) affects
what is cultural pre-competence?
middle of spectrum, first positive level, recognition of need for change and understanding
what are antagonists?
muscle that causes opposite movement to an agonist
what is an agonist?
muscles that work together
what is purpose of hydrotherapy?
musculoskeletal pains (if not cleaned properly cross contamination is a large risk)
what must be included in the proof of completion of a course or program of continuing education?
must have certificate of completion or other documentation by the course or program provider, date of course or program, name and any board issued number of the course or program, name and any board issued number of the course or program, number of contact hours of continuing education or academic credit
what is the criteria for the badge that must be worn in all work settings?
must have photo, name, title and place of work, should be work above waist at eye level
what is the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy (FSBPT)?
national organization formed to help state boards work together to promote the highest level of public safety (people approved by the governor not apart of the PPTA)
Before an Ultraviolet (electromagnetic waves) treatment is done what needs to take place?
needs to perform minimal erythroderma thermal dose (MED) tests before treatment and UV goggles must be worn by you and the patient
Can a PTA discharge a patient?
no
Does the state PT chapter have the ability to discipline for legal violations?
no but it can discipline for ethical violations
what are covert norms?
norms that are expected to be followed even though they have never been expressed
what are overt norms?
norms that are expressed
what is an activities of daily living area?
often shared with an OT, seen as rehab and subacute settings includes a kitchen, living room, bathroom and bedroom
what does static mean?
on for entire treatment
what does intermittent mean?
on/off cycles
what are overt biases and stereotypes?
open, stated
what can be on the third National exam?
oral, or practical examination (you only get 3 chances to pass)
what are the two types of biases and sterotypes?
overt and covert
what must you be careful with when using diathermy?
pacemakers, metals and hearing aids
what patients need electrical modalities?
pain, muscle weakness, post-ops,open wounds, edema, peripheral nerve injuries (PNI)
Rank the gait training devices from most stable to least stable
parallel bars, standard walker, rolling walker, platform walker, hemi walker, wide base quad cane, narrow base quad cane, sing point cane, axillary crutch, platform crutch
what does PWB stand for?
partial weight bearing
what is the insertion of the rectus femoris?
patellar tendon/tibia
what is the insertion of the vastus intermedius?
patellar tendon/tibia
what is the insertion of the vastus lateralis?
patellar tendon/tibia
what is the insertion of the vastus medialis?
patellar tendon/tibia
In all practice setting what must be done the first time the patient is seen?
physical therapist makes the first contact with the patient and performs an evaluation and makes a plan of care (PTA can not do screenings or reevaluations)
what is the supportive personnel in Physical therapist?
physical therapy aide
what is electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback?
portable device that tells patient when a muscle is contracted or relaxed via lights and sounds used for muscle recruitment or for relaxation
what are stairs?
portable set of stairs for patient to practice on
what is electrical muscle stimulation (EMS)?
provides electricity to the nerve for movement (weakened muscle)
what is a quiet or private room?
provides privacy for initial evaluation (IE), less distractions for children and patients with TBI, can be used for loud and overly nervous patients, and sometimes padded for aggressive patients
what are the types of regulations?
registration, certification, licensure
what does Vicarious liability mean?
responsibility for the actions of someone under one's supervision, such as an employee or volunteer
what is a pediatric room?
room foro children includes toys, mats, bolters, balls, wedges, and mirros
what is the origin of the gluteus maximus?
sacrum, coccyx, ilium
What patients use diathermy?
same as Ultrasound
what is the origin of the infraspinatus?
scapula
what is the origin of the subscapularis?
scapula
what is the origin of the supraspinatus?
scapula
what is the origin of the teres minor?
scapula
what is the semimembranosus innervated by?
sciatic nerve
what is the semitendinosus innervated by?
sciatic nerve
How do you become more culturally competent?
self refection (identification/awareness of biases), increase familiarity with other cultural groups (direct interaction, learning activities), balancing knowledge of '"trends" within cultural groups with the uniqueness of each individual
what is sexual violation?
sexual intercourse or touching
what are healing arts?
shall means the science and skills of diagnosis and treatment in any manner whatsoever of disease or an applied at varying speeds and amplitudes without limitation
what is a KCI VAC? (wound care)
shoots out water into the patients wound and vacuums it out
what is the action of the supraspinatus?
shoulder abduction
what is the action of the infraspinatus?
shoulder external rotation
what is the action teres minor?
shoulder external rotation
what is the action of the subscapularis?
shoulder internal rotation (IR)
what is abuse?
some type of "misuse" that has occurred such as using an inappropriate billing code for a service provided or billing for services that are determined to be not medically necessary
what are the penalties, injunctive relief?
someone who violates any provision of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be punished by a fine not less than $500 nor more than $1000 or by imprisonment for not less than 30 days nor more than 90 days and on each additional offense shall be subject to a fine of not less than $1000 and imprisonment of not less than 6 months nor more than 1 year at the discretion of the court
what patients are cold immersion baths used to treat?
sprained ankles
what patients are contrast bath used for?
sprained ankles and for vascular exercise
what are the types of walkers?
standard, rollering, platform, hemiwalker, stair, seated, pediatric
who writes and passes statutes?
state legislation
what is criminal law established by?
state or federal legislation
what part of the cane should be closest to the patient?
straighter part
what is the subscapularis innervated by?
subscapular nerve
what is the punishment for failing to report child abuse?
summary offense for the first violation and a misdemeanor of the third degree for a second or subsequent violation
what is the gluteus medius innervation by?
superior gluteal nerve
what is the infraspinatus innervated by?
suprascapular nerve
what is the supraspinatus innervated by?
suprascapular nerve
what are the rotator cuff muscles?
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
what does Primary Liability mean?
taking responsibility for ones own actions
what happens if you are a impaired professional?
the board shall appoint and fix the compensation of a professional consult who is a licensee of the board, with education and experience in the identification, treatment and rehabilitation of individuals with physical or mental impairments. such consultant shall be accountable to the board and shall act as a liason between the board and treatment programs
What is the Right-to-Know Law?
the board shall maintain a register listing the name of every living physical therapist licensed to practice in this state and every PTA duty certified and any wrongs they did
what is risk management?
the broad goals of a risk management program are maximizing the quality of care provided so that no injuries occur while at the same time minimizing financial loss (it is everyone's responsibility)
what is sexual abuse or exploitation?
the employment, use, persuasion, inducement, enticement or coercion of a child to engage in or assist another person to engage in sexually explicit conduct or a simulation of sexually explicit conduct for the purpose of producing a visual depiction including photographing, videotaping, computer depicting or filming of sexually explicit conduct or the rape, sexual assault, involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, aggravated indecent assault, molestations incest indecent exposure, prostitution, statutory sexual assault or other form of sexual exploitation of children
What is assault?
the fear or anticipation of being harmed through the application of force or unwanted physical contact
what is licensure?
the highest level of oversight is used when the risk to the public is thought to be greatest. in addition to the above, those who are licensed generally are subject to discipline by a state board if they fail to meet regulatory standards
what is a supervisory ratio?
the number of PTAs that can be supervised by one Pt at any given time
what happens is the cold immersion baths are very cold?
the patient will feel cold, burning, aching and numbness
what does Defendant mean?
the person being prosecutes
upon notification of suspected child abuse, who is responsible for reporting it?
the person in charge (if they do not report it then it is your duty to report it
what is direct supervision?
the physical therapist is physically present and immediately available for direction and supervision. the PT will have direct contact with the patient/client during each visit that is defined in the "guide to pt practice" as all encounters with a patient client in a 24 hour period. telecommunications does not meet the requirement of this
what is personal direct supervision?
the pt of where allowable by law the pta is physically present and immediately available to direct and supervise tasks that are related to patient client management. the direction and supervision is continuous throughout the time these tasks are performed. telecommunication does not meet the requirement of direct personal supervision
what side does a cane go on?
the strong side (so the patient can lean on it)
Explain cultural groups and generalizations?
there are many subgroups under one culture classification, one may identify with all or only some of the subgroups at varying levels different people within the same culture may identify strongly with difference groups therefor making judgements based on cultural classification is often inaccurate and potentially offensive (all cops are bad)
what are rules?
these are administrative clarification of statues, usually written by the state governing body that oversees the actions of that profession
what are sanctions?
these can include receiving a written reprimand, being assigned remedial course work to demonstrate competency, receiving a fine, being suspended, or having a license permanently revoked
what are statutes?
these delineate the parameters under which physical therapy services can be delivered
what can a supportive personnel do and not do?
these individuals may not provide physical therapy services, they can prepare patients for treatment, apply superficial heat or cold, transport patients, assist patients with nontreatment aspects of activities and personal needs (hot/cold packs, set up, clean up, help dress patients, set up crutches, get electrodes ready, can throw ball to pt)
when does your certificate end?
this expires December 31st of each even numbered year
What is spirituality?
this is less concrete and more of an internal process used to develop a sense of wellness and to help find meaning and purpose in life
What is religion?
this is more often related to a belief in a specific higher power and includes structured rules or external rituals that people practice as a part of their faith beliefs
what is documentation?
this is one of the best ways to minimize risk (if it isn't documented it didn't happen)
what is fraud?
this is when someone is suspected of having knowingly misrepresented the truth or concealed facts to the detriment of another. examples include intentionally billing for services not provided, billing for services provided by unqualified providers, or making a patient referral for services provided by unqualified providers
What type of vision does Medicare require for PTA students?
this requires ptas providing services must have graduated from an accredited program and have passed a licensure examination, even if this is not a requirement of the state in which the pta works. It also required a higher level of supervision for ptas in the private practice setting than in other practice settings.
what is an incident report?
this should be completed by the person observing or discovering an event. this is a separate document describing something out of the ordinary. it may vary in format from facility to facility, but it is usually written in an objective narrative format and is kept with departmental records not in the patients chart
what is administrative law?
this type of law deals with rules and regulations that apply to government agencies, including those that oversee professions and other fields that provide services to the public. in physical therapy, these laws relate to the states practice act (Medicare legislation, health department regulations)
what is the insertion of the semitendinosus?
tiba
what is the insertion of the semimembranosus?
tibia
what is fluidotherapy?
type of superficial convection heat whose air swirls cob kernels like a dry whirlpool (CELLEX)
what is intermittent compression?
used for ankle sprains, mastectomies, edematous extremities (fluid buildup), and can be combined with cold, cryocuff (after surgery), game ready, athletics injuries, decrease pain and swelling
what is certification?
used for higher level of regulation, this usually requires some type of specific education and passing an examination as a way of demonstrating a minimum level of competence
what is interferential current (IFC)?
used for pain and swelling it consists of 4 electrodes in an "X" shape formation, current goes deep
what is the PTA supervision Algorithms?
used to assist in determining the amount of supervision required
what is the PTA Direction Algorithm?
used to assist in determining what tasks to assign o PTA
What is the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE)?
used to ensure a minimum level of competence among those who pass it
what is a pulsavac or moorsehead (wound care)?
uses pressure to heal the wound inside
what is the largest quadriceps muscle?
vastus lateralis
what is the smallest quadriceps msucle?
vastus medialis
what are the two types of culture?
visible and nonvisible (fixed (primary) and changeable (secondary))
What determines if a patient should have a crutch or walker?
walkers are usually given to older people, other factors depend on support needed and coodination
What is a jurisprudence examination?
written and/or oral examination that asks questions about the states practice act