Intro to Sociology Midterm
How has advertising revenue significantly changed in the past few years?
"Cable and online revenue have remained greatly unchanged, while newspaper and magazine advertising revenue have fallen greatly."
In an effort to control a total institution, and to create a community of sameness, inmates are forced to strip down, be searched by police officers, and given identical uniforms before entering prison. This is an example of _______.
A degradation ceremony
Which would a quantitative sociologists use to gather data?
A large survey
The term language can be defined as:
A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted.
Studying sociology helps people analyze data because they learn:
All of the above (Interview techniques, to apply statistics, and to generate theories)
Which of the following is NOT an example of new media?
Barnes and Noble
Miguel is doing a research paper on New York City's Stonewall riots of 1969. He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the event, and watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a(n) ______.
Case study
Kurt and Mitch visit an Amish village on a class trip. "Let's see if we can round up some old radios and appliances and drop them off for them later this week. I think they'll appreciate it. They just don't understand what they're missing." Mitch rolls his eyes. Kurt's perspective is an example of _______.
Cultural imperialism
The term ___________ and ________ are often used interchangeably, but have nuances that differentiate them.
Culture and society
Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears short-shorts and tank tops while visiting a series of temples during her first week, she is met with hostility from the locals. She feels she no longer knows how to behave or interact with those outside her family. Angelica is experiencing _____.
Culture shock
Alona is examining the impact of the 2011 Penn State scandal on student morale and school spirit by distributing number-scaled surveys in her Introduction to Sociology class. Alona is employing a _____ research method. Question options: a. Qualitative b. Pathos c. Logos d. Quantitative
D. Quantitive
Why is choosing a random sample an effective way to select participants?
Everyone has the same chance of being part of the study
What theoretical perspective views society as having a system of interdependent inherently connected parts?
Functionalism
Some jobs today advertise in multinational markets and permit telecommuting in lieu of working from a primary location. This broadening of the job market and the way that jobs are performed can be attributed t
Globalization
What is a negative risk of media globalization
Governments censoring information for their benefit.
Please define C. Wright mills sociological imagination.
How individuals understand their own and others pasts in relation to history and social structure.
Which statement illustrates value neutrality?
In 2003, states like Arkansas adopted laws requiring elementary schools to remove soft drink vending machines from schools
Qualitative sociology can be defined as:
In depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data
According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, when do humans begin to think about the feelings of other people and begin to see the world through other people's eyes?
In their teenage years
A sociologist defines society as a group of people who reside in a defined area, share a culture, and who:
Interact
What is the importance of interpretive framework?
It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world.
Education is important to society because
It teaches children facts about the world in which they live, It teaches children how to interact with their peers and helps them to gain social graces, and It teaches children how to react to authority and how to behave in group and one-on-one situations
Political science teacher Mr. jones asked his students how social media can influence public opinion by following famous activists, academics, and politicians on twitter. While reading and exchanging eachother's tweets, some classmates became close friends. The first is an example of the project's _______ function, the second is an example of the project's ______ function
Manifest; latent
Today, the majority of mass-media outlets are owned by six corporations. This is a product of _________
Media consolidation
The biggest difference between mores and folks is that?
Mores are primarily linked to morality, whereas folkways are primarily linked to being commonplace within a culture
MTV's widely-watched TV series The Jersey Shore is an example of _____, while the obscure works of playwright Sam Shepard are an example of ______.
Popular culture; high culture
George Herbert Mead's specific path of development for individuals is as follows:
Preparatory stage, play stage, game stage, generalized other stage
Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method?
Receive corroboration from the field
Kevin conducted a study on whether the length of the line at a local Starbucks affected how well the customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it. Malcolm conducted the study at his local Starbucks, and found the same results. Kevin's study had a high level of _____.
Reliability
The notion that people cannot feel or experience something that they do not have a word for can be explained by:
Sapir-Whorf
Alexis wants to research the 1960's feminist movement. She reads articles from the time period, watches documentaries, and reads scholarly journals on the topic. What kind of research method is Alexis using?
Secondary data analysis
Janet is visiting her childhood friend in the Hamptons. Janet wears ripped jeans and Chuck Taylors to an infamous "White" party. The majority of party-goers refuse to socialize with her. Janet is experiencing a form of ____.
Social control
During her first day of kindergarten, Marie does not understand how the lunch line in the cafeteria works. She hesitates and watches as the older kids pick up their trays and silverware and then get in line. She follows their lead and successfully buys herself lunch. Marie's experience in the lunchroom is an example of _____.
Socialization
A class of third graders is told that the assistant principal will be visiting their class to confirm their teacher's reports of bad behavior. When the principal visits, the students behave perfectly. This is an example of ________.
The Hawthorne effect
Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction?
The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club.
Which of the following best describes sociology as a subject?
The study of society and social interaction
In a study, a group of 10-year-old boys are fed doughnuts every morning for a week and then weighed to see how much weight they gained. Which factor is the dependent variable?
The weight gained
Peer groups are important to adolescents because
They help to develop a sense of identity separate from adolescents' parents
Mark, whose parents are wealthy, has been socialized to believe that he can be whoever he wants to be. His best friend Matt, whose parents are blue-collar workers, has been socialized to believe that hard work and following instructions is all he needs to support himself. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? a. Structural Functionalism b. Conflict c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Feminist Theory
conflict
Socialization, as a sociological term, describes:
how people learn societal norms, beliefs, and values
The Harlows' study on rhesus monkeys showed that:
social comfort is more important than food
Modern-day hipsters are an example of:
subculture
A nation's flag is: a. A symbol b. A value c. A culture d. A folkway
symbol
Which of these theories is most likely to look at the social world on a micro level?
symbolic interactionism
A cultural universal is:
A pattern or trait common to all societies.
The term value neutrality is defined by the text as A. A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results B. The study of evolving ethics and morals in relation to sociological research C. A systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand D. A study's participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population
A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results
Max Weber, Georg Simmel, and Karl Marx were all advocates of: Question options: a. Conflict theory b. Structural functionalism c. Capitalism d. Symbolic interactionism
A. Conflict theory
Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor's analysis is _____, while Felix's analysis is _____. Question options: a. Micro-level; macro-level b. Macro-level; micro-level c. They are both macro-level. d. They are both micro-level.
B. Macro-level; micro level
Which statement provides the best operational definition of "childhood obesity"
Body weight at least 20% higher than the healthy weight for a child of that height
What materials are considered secondary data?
Books and articles written by other authors about their studies
Berger describes sociologists as concerned with:
Both a and b (monumental moments in people's lives and common everyday life events)
_____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society. Question options: a. Symbolic Interactionists b. Conflict Theorists c. Structural Functionalists d. Social Individualists
C. Structural functionalists
What occurs in Lawrence Kohlberg's conventional level?
Children begin to consider what society considers moral and immoral.
A sociologists conducts research into the ways that Hispanic American students are historically underprivileged in the American education system. What theoretical approach is the sociological using?
Conflict theory
What approach is often used to understand what's defined as deviant within a society?
Constructivism
The McDonald's is found in almost every country around the world is an example of:
Diffusion
The major difference between invention and discovery is:
Discovery involves finding something that already exists, but invention puts things together in a new way
An example of high culture is ___________, whereas an example of popular culture would be ____________.
Dostoevsky style in film; "American Idol" winners
Which theorist claimed that people rise to their proper level in society based solely on personal merit?
Emile Durkheim
Quincia is studying how of the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small, rural town in North Dakota. She spends two months in the town, observing and interviewing the townspeople. Quincia is conducting a(n)
Ethnography
Who coined the phrase symbolic interactionism?
Herbert Blumer
What best describes the results of a case study?
Its results are not generally applicable
Which founder of sociology believed societies changed due to class struggle?
Karl Marx
Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States?
Making eye contact while speaking
It is parent-teacher conference day at Littleton Elementary School. Jimmy's teacher is anxious to meet his parents and discuss his habit of disrupting the class. When the teacher expresses her concern that Jimmy is not being socialized properly, his dad insists that he was the same way at Jimmy's age and that disrupting the class is natural for the children in his family. Jimmy's teacher and father are arguing about which fundamental sociological theory? a. Kohlberg's theory of Moral Development b. George Herbert Mead's theory of self-development c. Nature vs. Nurture d. Freud's theory of self-development
Nature vs Nurture
In order to better understand the sorority pledging process at her university for her sociology thesis, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority. This is an example of _____.
Participant observation
In the early 2000's, The L Word and Queer as Folk debuted on Showtime. Both shows depicted the lives of members of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) community, thus giving viewers a glimpse into a
Subculture
Which sociological perspective sees technology and media as a tool individuals use to express how much wealth they have
Symbolic interactionist
Xenocentrism is:
The opposite of ethnocentrism
The debate about net neutrality consists of two main sides. Which of the following is one of those sides?
Those who provide Internet service should be treated as common carriers, legally prohibited from discriminating based on the customer or nature of the goods.
The term panoptic surveillance is defined in the text as:
a form of constant monitoring in which the observation posts are decentralized and the observed is never communicated with directly
Erik Erikson's theory explains
a) How the actions of society help shape personalities throughout the eight basic stages of life.
Which of the following is not a purpose of the American Sociological Association's code of ethics?
To ensure the financial gain of the researchers
Verstehen is defined in the text as
To understand in a deep way
Most cultures have been found to identify laughter as a sign of humor, joy, or pleasure. Likewise, most cultures recognize music in some form. Music and laughter are examples of:
Universalism
A measure is considered ________ if it actually measures what it is intended to measure, according to the topic of study
Valid
Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o'clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. Her new roommate likes to sleep until 7 o'clock and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 o'clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition? a) A shift in her desire to enjoy life. b) A shift in her reading habits. c) Resocialization. d) A complete and permanent loss of herself.
c. resocialization
The "American Dream"—the notion that anybody can be successful and rich if they work hard enough—is most commonly associated with which sociological theory?
conflict theory
Your 83-year-old grandmother has been using a computer for some time now. As a way to keep in touch, you frequently send e-mails of a few lines to let her know about your day. She calls after every e-mail to respond point by point, but she has never e-mailed a response back. This can be viewed as an example of:
cultural lag
Rodney and Elise are American students studying abroad in Italy. When they are introduced to their host families, the families kiss them on both cheeks. When Rodney's host brother introduces himself and kisses Rodney on both cheeks, Rodney pulls back in surprise. Where he is from, unless they are romantically involved, men do not kiss one another. This is an example of:
culture shock
Caleb attended a private high school, which gave each student access to a personal laptop and iPhone. Ted attended a poorly funded public school, which had few computers and outdated technology. When Caleb gets to college, he's more prepared than Ted for coursework which includes computer and online material. This occurrence is an example of: a. Computer lag b. Digital divide c. Technological pause d. New media
digital divide
Which of the following was a topic of study in early sociology?
economics
What method did researchers John Mihelich and John Papineau use to study Parrotheads?
ethnography
The main difference between ethnography and other types of participant observation is:
ethnography isn't based on hypothesis testing
To study the effects of fast food on lifestyle, health, and culture, from which group would a researcher ethically be unable to accept funding?
fast food restaurant
Kenneth and Mamie Clark used sociological research to show that segregation was:
harmful
"Last week, a major politician was caught in a political scandal. The story was featured on the front page of the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, CNN.com, and was the lead story on NBC, ABC, and CBS nightly news. This is referred to as:"
homogenization
Seeing patterns means that a sociologist needs to be able to:
identify similarities in how social groups respond to social pressure
C. Wright mills once said that sociologists need to develop a sociological _________ to study how society affects individuals
imagination
The American flag is a material object that denotes the United States of America; however, there are certain connotations that many associate with the flag, like bravery and freedom. In this example, what are bravery and freedom?
nonmaterial culture
Using secondary data is considered an unobtrusive or ________ research method.
nonreactive
What research method did John S. Lynd and Helen Merrell Lynd mainly use in their Middletown study?
participant observation
Which research technique would most likely be used by a symbolic interactionist?
participant observation
Which research approach is best suited to the scientific method?
questionnaire
The Occupy Wall Street movement of 2011 grew to be an international movement. Supporters believe that the economic disparity between the highest economic class and the mid to lower economic classes is growing at an exponentially alarming rate. A sociologist who studies that movement by examining the interactions between members at Occupy camps would most likely use what theoretical approach?
symbolic interactionism
Susan has the newest iPhone, iPad, iPod, and Mac. When a new Apple product is released, Susan stands in line for hours to be the first to buy it. Susan is a(n): a. Republican b. Technophile c. PC person d. Neo-Luddite
technophile
A symbolic interactionist may compare social interactions to:
theatrical roles
Weber believed humans could not be studied purely objectively because they were influenced by:
their culture
Sociological studies test relationships in which change in one ______ causes change in another.
variable
The difference between positivism and antipositivism relates to:
whether sociological studies can predict or improve society
