Introduction to Physical and Human Geography D-199 Pre-Assessment and Extra Practice Questions

Which is the absolute location of Cincinnati, Ohio? -Two hours south of the Detroit automobile factories -A major industrial city on the Ohio River transportation corridor -39*6' N, 84*30'W -39*6' S, 84*30'E

-39*6' N, 84*30'W

A farmer grows corn to feed chickens, which then excrete waste pellets that the farmer uses as fertilizer on the corn. The farmer, a vegetarian, does not eat the chickens. Which items correctly categorize the elements of this biotic community? Choose 3 answers. -Chickens = consumer -Corn = producer -Fertilizer = producer -Gardener = consumer -Pellets = decomposer

-Chickens = consumer -Corn = producer -Pellets = decomposer

Which three things should be provided to displaced persons to help them restore their livelihoods? Choose 3 answers. -Credit opportunities -Medical and dental coverage -Childcare services -Training and job support -Home mortgages -Transitional development assistance

-Credit opportunities -Training and job support -Transitional development assistance

In coastal towns in Maine, fishing and fish-packing industries sprang up due to ocean proximity. Shortly thereafter, seafood product companies and seafood restaurants became prevalent. Later, ocean tourism companies, hotels, and entertainment venues opened. Which statements explain this? Choose 3 answers. -Cultural influences in coastal Maine are founded on the economy. -Economic activities developed due to relational geographies in coastal Maine. -Industrialization in coastal Maine can be attributed to the locale. -Physical geography impacted the agglomeration of businesses in coastal Maine. -Urbanization of coastal Maine occurred due to economic development.

-Economic activities developed due to relational geographies in coastal Maine. -Physical geography impacted the agglomeration of businesses in coastal Maine. -Urbanization of coastal Maine occurred due to economic development.

In the 2016 U.S. federal election, areas of debate included healthcare, immigration, engagement with international partners, the rural-urban divide, gun control, abortion, the national debt, jobs, and overall economic growth. Which of these issues are related to human geography? Choose four answers. -Abortion -Engagement with international partners -Gun control -Immigration -Jobs -Overall economic growth -The national debt -The rural-urban divide

-Engagement with international partners -Immigration -Overall economic growth -The rural-urban divide

Which items describe ways in which an ecosystem can be naturally changed instantaneously? Choose 3 answers. -Flash flooding -Hurricane -Insect damage to a forest -Long-range droughts -Minor temperature fluctuations -Minor volcano eruption

-Flash flooding-Hurricane-Minor volcano eruption

The two maps provide information on Nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross Domestic Product (Purchasing Power Parity, PPP) per capita for the countries of the world. Based on the information provided, which statement about the continent of Africa is generally accurate: -African countries' GDP per capita is stronger when you take into consideration the cost of daily living in those countries. -African countries' expensive costs for daily needs (such as food and services) weakens its nominal GPD per capita even further. -African countries have a higher GDP per capita (PPP) than the United States. -Northern Africa (The Sahara region) has a lower GDP per capita than does Sub-Saharan Africa (across the central region of the continent).

African countries' GDP per capita is stronger when you take into consideration the cost of daily living in those countries.

Opponents of dams believe they destroy habitats and carbon sinks, reduce available nutrients, and displace poor communities. Proponents note the increase in water availability, flood prevention, and renewable energy creation. Which statement about dams is accurate based on this information? -Complex environmental systems are made more complex by human-caused changes. -Altering the physical geography of a location could have both negative and positive consequences -Disturbances to ecological systems are always due to human-made changes in the environment. -The benefits of using dams outweigh the detriments to the surrounding ecosystems.

Altering the physical geography of a location could have both negative and positive consequences.

Which statements are accurate about global governance and the sovereignty of nations? Choose 3 answers. -Global governance relies on the interdependence and cooperation of sovereign nations in the world. -Global governance is based on agreements among sovereign nations to address issues that affect the world at large. -Global governance is required to ensure that capitalistic nations do not repress or control less-developed sovereign nations. -Sovereign nations' laws are not recognized by other nations across the globe as the ultimate authority in their realms. -Sovereign nations can overrule recommendations by global governance organizations on issues that affect only those nations. -Sovereign nations must cooperate with the authority of global governances regardless of whether they support the initiatives.

-Global governance relies on the interdependence and cooperation of sovereign nations in the world. -Global governance is based on agreements among sovereign nations to address issues that affect the world at large. -Sovereign nations' laws are not recognized by other nations across the globe as the ultimate authority in their realms.

Which two statements are true regarding black carbon? Choose 2 answers. -It can cause premature deaths from lung cancer and heart disease. -It is primarily caused by residential and commercial combustion. -It is primarily caused by individuals who drive compressed natural gas vehicles. -It is mostly found in developed countries with advanced economies.

-It can cause premature deaths from lung cancer and heart disease. -It is primarily caused by residential and commercial combustion.

What is a common consequence of a country taking on too much national debt? -A change in income tax brackets -The cancellation of interest payments -An inflated currency -A decrease in the amount of currency circulated

An inflated currency

How did ancient Chinese philosophers, such as Dong Zhongshu of the Han Dynasty, view the ideal relationship between humans and nature? -As one of human dominance -As one of geographical determinism -As one of harmony -As one of strife marked by natural disasters

As one of harmony

How do human geographers define people who have been forced from their homes because of their religion, race, nationality, or political opinion? As non-visa emigrants As H-2B emigrants As foreign nationals As refugees

As refugees

Which statements about the Fourth Industrial Revolution are accurate? Choose 3 answers. -It is a digital revolution leading to greater interconnectivity of economic systems around the globe. -It has enabled countries to be more responsive to the health and safety needs of local populations. -It has led to greater efficiencies in transportation and scientific research breakthroughs. -It is a primary driving factor in the move toward more sustainable and greener economies. -It has produced multiple generations of people who are completely reliant on technological innovations.

-It is a digital revolution leading to greater interconnectivity of economic systems around the globe. -It has enabled countries to be more responsive to the health and safety needs of local populations. -It has led to greater efficiencies in transportation and scientific research breakthroughs.

Which statements explain the significance of the Anthropocene Era? Choose 2 answers. -It is known as the longest period of grouped time within the span of recorded history. -This is the only period with balanced human impact on the planet. -It is the worst period in history, according to historians and climate change scientists. -It is considered the geologic period during which humans had the biggest impact on the planet. -The title of the era is only descriptive of the period as proposed by history experts.

-It is considered the geologic period during which humans had the biggest impact on the planet. -The title of the era is only descriptive of the period as proposed by history experts.

Which statements comparing country rankings on the Human Development Index (HDI) are accurate? Choose 3 answers. -Lower-ranking countries have populations with lower life expectancies than higher-ranking countries. -Lower-ranking countries have more private schools and fewer public schools than higher-ranking countries. -Lower-ranking countries have less-educated populations than higher-ranking countries. -Lower-ranking countries have higher literacy rates than higher-ranking countries. -Lower-ranking countries have lower gross national income (GNI) per capita than higher-ranking countries. correct

-Lower-ranking countries have populations with lower life expectancies than higher-ranking countries. -Lower-ranking countries have less-educated populations than higher-ranking countries. -Lower-ranking countries have lower gross national income (GNI) per capita than higher-ranking countries.

What is a drawback of collective defense? -Member states may run up costs in their efforts to keep up with larger, wealthier states. -Member states may be drawn into conflicts that do not directly impact them. -Member states face a great deal of uncertainty about whether they will be defended. -Member states often disagree about when to implement the policy, leading to internal conflict.

-Member states may be drawn into conflicts that do not directly impact them.

Which three statements describe conditions faced by citizens of less developed countries experiencing climate change issues? Choose 2 answers. -Most people do not have the economic resources to move out of the country. -Local governments cannot offer enough assistance to provide for all families. -The nation's leaders do not have the political power to improve conditions. -People view displacement from homelands as a personal failure. -Individuals are unable to overcome the loss of basic rights and freedoms.

-Most people do not have the economic resources to move out of the country -.Local governments cannot offer enough assistance to provide for all families. -People view displacement from homelands as a personal failure.

Which statement is true regarding the environmental risk of rising sea levels to both Bangladesh and the Netherlands? -Bangladesh and the Netherlands have the same degree of environmental risk because they both have extensive low-elevation coastal zones. -Bangladesh has a greater environmental risk than the Netherlands because Bangladesh has less economic support. -The Netherlands has a greater environmental risk than Bangladesh because the coast of the Netherlands is closer to melting Arctic ice sheets. -The Netherlands has a greater environmental risk than Bangladesh because a larger portion of its population resides near the coast.

Bangladesh has a greater environmental risk than the Netherlands because Bangladesh has less economic support.

Which group in America has the most consistently high percentage of households lacking access to adequate food, given the following image? Black Hispanic White All

Black

Which statements accurately describe benefits or drawbacks of collective defense as a strategy? Choose 3 answers. -Smaller nations with lower defense budgets can benefit from combined military forces in the event of an attack. -Joined nations can become entangled in long and costly wars that do not directly affect their populations. -Larger nations gain no benefits from using collective defense as a strategy during times of conflict. -Joining other nations in war or military-based conflict can be detrimental to all nations mobilized against the enemy. -Smaller nations face riskier commitments when aligning defense forces with other larger nations.

-Smaller nations with lower defense budgets can benefit from combined military forces in the event of an attack. -Joined nations can become entangled in long and costly wars that do not directly affect their populations. -Joining other nations in war or military-based conflict can be detrimental to all nations mobilized against the enemy.

Which statements accurately describe the evolving relationship stages between human geography and physical geography? Choose 3 answers. -The first stage saw humans as ruled by the natural world. -The first stage saw no conscious human transformations of nature. -The second stage saw humans mastering their natural environments. -The second stage saw very few changes to the face of the world. -The third stage is seeing the highest amount of pollution to date. -The third stage is seeing very few environmental problems.

-The first stage saw humans as ruled by the natural world. -The second stage saw humans mastering their natural environments. -The third stage is seeing the highest amount of pollution to date.

Which statements accurately describe global political development based on the heartland and rimland theories? Choose 2 answers. -The heartland theory suggested that controlling Eastern Europe would lead to control of the world. -The heartland theory suggested that farmland nations rich in raw materials could support coastal trade. -The heartland theory suggested that European water port control made international trade possible. -The rimland theory suggested that controlling a region lying between the heartland and sea would lead to world control. -The rimland theory suggested that buffer zone nations were easily protected from invasions.

-The heartland theory suggested that controlling Eastern Europe would lead to control of the world. -The heartland theory suggested that European water port control made international trade possible.

This is a simple map of Japan. How would a geographer classify the shape of this state (nation) and what are the associated challenges with such a shape? -This is a fragmented state, which often has challenges with unification. -This is an elongated state, which often has challenges with transportation. -This is a landlocked state, which often has challenges with its economy. -This is a prorupted state, which often has challenges with food production.

-This is a fragmented state, which often has challenges with unification.

Based on the chart, which country is most likely to be a source of emigration to Europe? -Bolivia -Chile -Congo (DRC) -Russian Federation

Congo (DRC)

Which factor led to a massive increase in American automobile usage? -Industrialization of the American economy -Construction of the Interstate Highway System -Creation of the assembly line process by Henry Ford -Discovery of large deposits of oil in the United States

Construction of the Interstate Highway System

Why are the effects of climate change viewed differently by some populations in different countries? -Court rulings do not support environmental refugees within the same country. -Different groups of people in the same region are affected differently. -Governments provide assistance to residents based on a variety of factors. -Individuals view related challenges differently, depending on adaptability levels.

Different groups of people in the same region are affected differently.

Which concept forms the basis of sustainable development? -Humans have the ability to harmonize population, society, and the environment. -Human societies should discourage the growth of economies. -Geographic ecosystems are inevitably harmed by human societies. -The third stage of the human and physical geography relationship will soon transition to a fourth stage.

Humans have the ability to harmonize population, society, and the environment.

Which type of migration was the trafficking of slaves from Africa? Voluntary Involuntary Intraregional Interregional

Involuntary

Why is the service economy so important to low-income countries? -It produces the food and basic goods of the nation. -It encourages young people to pursue education. -It promotes strong competition with wealthier countries. -It employs more than half of the population.

It employs more than half of the population.

Which statement is true regarding the social cost of carbon? -It is an estimate of the damage done by one ton of carbon for each individual in a country. -It is an estimate of the total amount of carbon emissions by each country in the world. -It is an estimate of global damage caused by two additional tons of carbon at a given point in time. -It is the total value of global damage caused by one additional ton of carbon at a given point in time.

It is the total value of global damage caused by one additional ton of carbon at a given point in time.

How is the following map manipulating the boundaries to favor one party or class? -It ensures equal representation in Congress. -It packs all of one party into one district. -It allows the congressperson to easily contact their constituents. -It ensures transparency to the electorate.

It packs all of one party into one district.

What is the benefit of carbon sequestration? -It allows carbon to gather in the oceans and raise acidity levels. -It prevents microorganisms from breaking down carbon in the soil. -It allows the carbon buildup in soil to exceed the rate of carbon loss. -It prevents additional carbon from accumulating in the atmosphere.

It prevents additional carbon from accumulating in the atmosphere.

What is the significance of this scatterplot? -It shows that wealthier countries had fewer infant deaths than poorer countries in 2014. -It shows a country comparison with lower and higher gross domestic products (GDPs) in infant mortality in 2014. -It shows that there was a high infant mortality rate across the globe in 2014. -It shows a direct correlation between the number of infants who were born and died in 2014.

It shows that wealthier countries had fewer infant deaths than poorer countries in 2014.

Which statement describes the significance of this graph? -It highlights how different the world population will be by origin and gender in the future. -It highlights the breakdown of world populations by race and origin over a span of nearly 60 years. -It shows the variations in U.S. populations by race, origin, and gender over the next 50 years. -It shows what percentage of the U.S. population is of Hispanic origin in 2012 and what it will be in 2060.

It shows what percentage of the U.S. population is of Hispanic origin in 2012 and what it will be in 2060.

How does the heavy atmospheric blanket contribute to climate change? -It traps carbon dioxide and other pollutants. -It allows too many gases to escape the earth. -It captures elements that should reflect energy. -It radiates essential heat outward into space.

It traps carbon dioxide and other pollutants.

Which of the following maps would be effective for navigating between major interstates? Map A Map B Map C Map D

Map B

According to the map above, which region sent the largest number of immigrants to the United States in the late nineteenth century? -Southern and eastern Europe -Asia -Latin America -Northern and western Europe

Northern and western Europe

Which statement explains one ecological impact of global population growth? -Development of affordable housing will lag behind, increasing homelessness. -Poverty levels can increase, resulting in an unequal balance of power. -Shifts in migration lead to a lack of labor to care for the natural landscape. -Overuse results in a scarcity of available natural resources.

Overuse results in a scarcity of available natural resources.

Which group of migrants have been affected by the war in Syria? Palestinian migrants Lebanese migrants Turkish migrants Iraqi migrants

Palestinian migrants

Which statement describes the current global approach to climate change? -Reducing further impact on humans -Addressing devastated populations -Challenging unsupported scientific evidence -Refocusing funding and efforts

Reducing further impact on humans

What is required to slow the climate crisis, in addition to lowering carbon emissions? -Removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere -Establishment of carbon sinks in polar regions of the ocean -Removal of carbon dioxide from grasslands and forests -Establishment of agricultural techniques to increase carbon loss

Removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

The flow of immigrants to the United States from Central America's Dry Corridor has increased since 2010. Many of these people were forcibly sent back due to U.S. immigration policies. Why would someone from a different area of the world view this as persecution? -International guidelines recommend admitting immigrants from nations in distress. -Some countries have open immigration policies for migrations due to climate change. -Most people do not understand the nuances of the laws in other countries. -Similar acts of attempted immigration may not be against the law in other countries.

Similar acts of attempted immigration may not be against the law in other countries.

What is a key factor that makes India the greatest exporter of migrants to the Gulf States, the United States, and the United Kingdom? -A deterioration of India's higher education standards -Social crises such as India's attack on minorities -The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) -A lack of universal prekindergarten schooling for children

Social crises such as India's attack on minorities

Which scenario is an example of secondary migration? -Syrian migrants fleeing from Aleppo to the Turkish border -Syrian migrants moving to Sweden from Turkey -Colombian migrants fleeing to other regions in Colombia -American families moving to the Sunbelt for a lower cost of living

Syrian migrants moving to Sweden from Turkey

Which U.S. state will have the largest gains during the reapportionment of congressional representation after the 2020 census, given the following image? Florida Texas New York California

Texas

What is a common criticism of gross domestic product (GDP) as a measure of human development? -That GDP focuses on end uses -That GDP overestimates the work done by women -That GDP overlooks essential activities that do not involve money -That GDP ignores technological advances

That GDP overlooks essential activities that do not involve money

How might changes in the supply of energy, temperature, or light affect an ecosystem? -The ecosystem's biome might also be harmed. -The ecosystem's species might suddenly multiply. -The ecosystem's structure might be significantly altered. -The ecosystem's resilience might be strengthened.

The ecosystem's structure might be significantly altered.

Which statements describe the relationship between urbanization and industrialization in the nineteenth century? -The buildup of housing in urban areas created a need for industries to support the growing populations, leading to the buildup of factories. -The establishment of factories in cities and the rise in economic opportunity led large numbers of people to move to urban areas. -Urban dwellers feared a too-rapid expansion of new industries and the impact this would have on quality of life. -Urban and rural communities battled for the rights to bring in more industry to improve their economies.

The establishment of factories in cities and the rise in economic opportunity led large numbers of people to move to urban areas.

Which item explains how humans were first linked to physical geography? -The first humans lacked a true symbiotic relationship with the natural world. -The first humans became reliant on their natural environments for materials and energy. -The first humans migrated to various locations as their populations expanded. -The first humans cannot be linked to physical geography because their populations were so limited.

The first humans became reliant on their natural environments for materials and energy.

What does the Hockey Stick graph reveal about global surface warming? -The global surface temperature has gradually risen over the last several hundred years and is beginning to peak. -The global surface temperature is prone to abrupt shifts at times but is otherwise predictable. -The global surface temperature remained stable throughout much of history but has risen sharply in the last 50 years. -The global surface temperature has fluctuated throughout history, with a gradual rise in recent years.

The global surface temperature remained stable throughout much of history but has risen sharply in the last 50 years.

Which of the following is an example of a functional region: -The Greektown neighborhood in Detroit, Michigan -The Deep South -The great Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area -The U.S. Corn Belt region

The great Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area

According to the line graph, what pattern emerges in the locations with the highest gross domestic products (GDPs)? -The highest GDPs are in areas with large immigrant populations. -The highest GDPs are centered around major metropolitan areas. -The top five GDPs are consistently ranked in the same order. -The top five GDPs are in coastal metropolitan areas.

The highest GDPs are centered around major metropolitan areas.

Why is it problematic to use climate change as a basis for refugee status? -Some scientists do not believe climate change has affected humans. -International protections are not in place as foundational proof for a case. -Most countries have strict regulations about who can cross the border legally. -The primary causes of transboundary migration must be technically proven.

The primary causes of transboundary migration must be technically proven.

Which item accurately describes the study of human geography? -The study of how human migration has changed over the course of history -The study of humans and their communities, cultures, economies, and interaction with the environment -The study of the economic and cultural impact of humans on the planet's resources -The study of human evolution, economic, and migratory patterns across the planet

The study of humans and their communities, cultures, economies, and interaction with the environment

Which statement is the most accurate definition of physical geography? -The study of the earth and the patterns of human migration. -The study of the cultural and physical environments of the earth. -The study of the earth and each of its natural components. -The study of natural components and human resources on earth.

The study of the earth and each of its natural components.

What is the goal of global governance? -To create a single world government -To facilitate cooperation and alleviate collective action problems. -To reduce trade among noncooperating nations -To mitigate worldwide climate change

To facilitate cooperation and alleviate collective action problems.

Water stress: water shortage, compared with demand. What is the purpose of this map? -To highlight the areas with the highest rainfall in South Africa -To detail the biggest climate threats facing South Africa -To identify areas of water insecurity in South Africa -To show how climate change is affecting South Africa

To identify areas of water insecurity in South Africa

What is a map like this one used for? -To show a flat surface image of the Earth that preserves the developable surfaces -To display a two-dimensional view of the shorelines of each of the world's continents -To highlight the tangential lines that intersect across the surface of the Earth -To measure the shapes and features of the continents in large-scale surveying

To measure the shapes and features of the continents in large-scale surveying

In the United States, English is the most common language and Spanish is the next most common. Given that information, what is most likely the purpose of this map? -To show the languages people spoke in each U.S. state in 1800. -To show which languages are taught in schools in each U.S. state today -To show the most prevalent culture in each U.S. state today -To show the third most common language spoken in each U.S. state

To show the third most common language spoken in each U.S. state

Why is it difficult to prove that climate change has caused human migration? -Humans migrated to different parts of the world before climate change was a factor. -Studies have shown that economic hardship is the primary cause of human migration. -Too many factors contribute to human migration, making single factors hard to identify. -Some scientists do not believe climate change is real, so they refuse to study related factors.

Too many factors contribute to human migration, making single factors hard to identify.

This histogram was published in May 2021 and concerned what people of different racial groups believed about five statements on COVID-19. What meaning does it convey? -This histogram shows that not very many people believed at this time that people over age 65 were at greater risk from COVID-19. -This histogram shows that at this time, nearly 100% of the population believed that COVID-19 was caused by the same virus as the one that causes flu. -This histogram shows that there were few differences in beliefs at this time among people in the main racial groups in the United States, whether the belief was actually true or not. -This histogram shows that at this time, there were large differences on all measured beliefs about COVID-19 among people in the main racial groups in the United States.

This histogram shows that there were few differences in beliefs at this time among people in the main racial groups in the United States, whether the belief was actually true or not.

How can humans positively alter local ecosystems? -Through population growth -Through resource recovery -By using quick-release fertilizer applications -By producing more methane gas

Through resource recovery

Which factor contributed to population displacement in Colombia? -Weakened political institutions -Increased trade with neighboring countries -International sanctions and interventions -Tightened control by the central government

Weakened political institutions

Which region has the most stringent child labor laws according to the following chart? Western Europe Asia Pacific Central Africa North America

Western Europe

Which situation is a strong example of an advantageous relative location? -A city improves its irrigation system. -A city improves its river trade. -A city promotes solar energy. -A city promotes rooftop gardens.

A city improves its river trade.

What is a key difference between a nation and a state? -A nation contains multiple ethnic groups. -A nation has a strong military. -A nation is a socio-cultural entity. -A nation has only one official language.

A nation is a socio-cultural entity.

Why does China argue against global climate action? -China is posturing for more geopolitical control. -China needs mass industrial production to continue development. -China has had a recent change of political control in their country. -China lacks a connection to global economic consequences.

China needs mass industrial production to continue development.

Which factor is driving increased emissions? Carbon taxes Efficiency standards Economic development Sustainable agriculture

Economic development

What does the failure of policy frameworks teach about how to combat climate change? -Efforts cannot be based on the same for-profit principles that caused climate change. -Choices must be made between green projects and the protection of indigenous people. -Business models should adapt to allow both a profit margin and the repair of the environment. -Market-based solutions are feasible only if marginalized people are included in policy decisions.

Efforts cannot be based on the same for-profit principles that caused climate change.

According to this map, which development occurred? -Asian immigration overtook European immigration at the end of the century. -European immigration began to shift to southern and eastern Europe. -Canadian immigration became stricter at the border crossings. -Latin American immigration fluctuated during this time period.

European immigration began to shift to southern and eastern Europe.

The United States, the State of Ohio, Federal Court District #94, and the City of Los Angeles are examples of which geographic concept: -Formal Region -Functional Region -Place -Location

Formal Region

Which type of data manipulation does the given chart represent? -Gerrymandering -Contested territory mapping -Incorrect attributions -Aggregating sources

Gerrymandering

Why is cross-border migration less likely to occur from fully developed countries than from developing countries? -Governments in developed countries have the resources to care for affected citizens. -Citizens in developed countries are less likely to want to move to other countries. -Governments in developed countries discourage expatriation from those nations. -Citizens in developed countries believe that conditions in the country will improve.

Governments in developed countries have the resources to care for affected citizens.

Which item describes the goal of sustainable development with regard to human and physical geography? -Collaboration among humans and natural elements toward stronger economies -A parasitic relationship that benefits humans more than the environment -The connection to the natural world that drives human migration and growth -Harmony in societal development and respect for the natural environment

Harmony in societal development and respect for the natural environment

What is a benefit of lowering the amount of short-lived climate pollutants? -Industrial development would increase. -Urban development would be limited. -Global food production would rise. -Health of the global population would improve.

Health of the global population would improve.

Which advantage do second-generation immigrants have over first-generation family members? -Increased opportunities to attend higher-quality educational institutions -Increased opportunities through language and resources to form transnational social ties. -Increased opportunities to become economically and socially independent. -Increased opportunities to gain higher social standing in their new and former communities.

Increased opportunities through language and resources to form transnational social ties

Which statement describes the pull factor of amenity migration? -Increased recreational accessibility -New job opportunities -Decreased cost of living -Enhanced voting bloc

Increased recreational accessibility

What is a key characteristic of recent patterns of migration in Tanzania and many other African nations? -Individuals who migrate tend to move from urban areas to rural areas. -Individuals who migrate have lower consumption growth than nonmigrants. -Individuals who migrate move out of poverty at a greater rate than nonmigrants. -Individuals who migrate typically make international moves rather than intraregional moves.

Individuals who migrate move out of poverty at a greater rate than nonmigrants.

Which of the following is a non-renewable resource? -Wind power (aeolian power) -Solar power -Forestry -Natural gas

Natural Gas

Which factor does Weber believe determines where a business is located? Labor costs Raw materials Energy costs Transportation

Labor costs

The following are the 5 themes of geography except for which one: -Place -Region -Migration -Movement -Location - Human-Environment Interaction

Migration

Which joint action is an example of successful international environmental coordination? -United States-China bilateral emissions agreement -Global effort on climate-warming emissions -Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer -The Kyoto Protocol for reducing greenhouse gas emissions

Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer

Cocoa plants, from which chocolate is made, grow in certain areas close to the equator. Countries such as Ghana, Nigeria, Indonesia, Brazil, and Malaysia produce most of the world's cocoa. Which statement explains this? -Goods production requires cultural adaptation. -Physical geography changes based on local cultures. -Goods production is dependent on economic expansion. -Physical geography affects local economies.

Physical geography affects local economies.

What is one example of a common cultural push factor in global migration? Technology jobs Warmer climate Political instability Legal protections for migrants

Political instability

How can the impact of deforestation and its high toll on carbon dioxide levels be reversed? -Soil content can be improved through efforts to promote intensive agriculture. -Payment mechanisms can be created to encourage carbon saturation in the soil. -Strenuous efforts in the reforestation of degraded ecosystems can be invested in. -The land dedicated to low-impact agriculture, such as fields for grazing, can be increased.

Strenuous efforts in the reforestation of degraded ecosystems can be invested in.

Which factor can make maritime boundaries difficult to determine? -The distances from two countries that determine maritime boundaries may overlap. -Maritime boundaries are harder to identify during storms and rough weather. -The United Nations' recognition of maritime borders is sometimes disputed. -Maritime resources within these boundaries may be depleted over time.

The distances from two countries that determine maritime boundaries may overlap.

Which factor will most likely occur by the 2040s, according to projections? -The Arctic will be ice free during the summer. -Most of Portugal and Spain will become deserts. -Severe drought will affect most of North America. -Coastlines will largely change, and Florida will all but disappear.

The Arctic will be ice free during the summer.

Why has China's carbon footprint grown so immensely over the past two decades? -The Chinese have focused on fossil fuel extraction to export to developing countries. -The Chinese have decentralized their environmental decision processes. -The Chinese have begun to compete against Japanese industrial productivity. -The Chinese have burned more fossil fuels to power their growing industry.

The Chinese have burned more fossil fuels to power their growing industry.

Why is the blanket effect a useful metaphor to explain climate changes on the earth? -The blanket effect demonstrates how the ozone layer is poor protection. -The blanket effect shows how general statements about science must be checked. -The blanket effect reminds people of how heat can be trapped under a barrier. -The blanket effect allows people to understand that the surface of the earth is at risk.

The blanket effect reminds people of how heat can be trapped under a barrier.

What is the main difference between a carbon tax and a cap-and-trade solution? -The carbon tax is predictable, while cap-and-trade depends on market conditions. -The carbon tax fluctuates based on the market, while cap-and-trade is a fixed cost. -The carbon tax can be changed by corporations, while cap-and-trade is set by government regulation. -The carbon tax is seen as ineffective in practice, while cap-and-trade has had mixed results.

The carbon tax is predictable, while cap-and-trade depends on market conditions.

Why can the climate crisis be addressed only through global cooperation? -Each country knows best how to address its own rising sea levels. -The evolving climate crisis has been caused relatively equally by all nations. -The climate crisis begins with the atmosphere, which affects all countries. -All nations will face the challenge of replacing fossil fuels with clean energy.

The climate crisis begins with the atmosphere, which affects all countries.

Which factor led to the United States seeking alternative sources of energy? -A need to power development -The degradation of urban air quality -The ineffectiveness of fossil fuels -An increase in consumer demand

The degradation of urban air quality

Which statement describes the flaw in this graph? -This sort of data would be better displayed in a pie chart since there are so many data points. -The data are so detailed as to be confusing to a non-expert. -The difference looks larger than it is because the scale of the y-axis is so small. -The colors used are deliberately biased, revealing the graph maker's political position.

The difference looks larger than it is because the scale of the y-axis is so small.

Which statement is true regarding market-based solutions? -They allow consumers and businesses to better understand their own carbon footprints. -They force consumers to pay specific taxes based on the size of their perceived footprints. -They allow businesses to pass any tax costs to the consumer within their pricing. -They force voters to decide regulations that should be used to lower their carbon footprints.

They allow consumers and businesses to better understand their own carbon footprints.

What is the key principle regarding energy losses within the cycle of the ecosystem? -They are an inevitable part of the process. -They harm the health of the system. -They lead to depleted biotic communities. -They lead to rich abiotic communities.

They are an inevitable part of the process.

Why do some countries, such as Italy, encourage immigration into the country? -They are experiencing limited climate change issues and have an aging population. -They are experiencing limited climate change issues and have a developing economy. -They are experiencing increased climate change issues and have growing cities. -They are experiencing increased climate change issues and have political stability.

They are experiencing limited climate change issues and have an aging population.

How can fuel cells mitigate global climate change? -They can generate energy consistently and cleanly. -They can store energy as a main function. -They can provide supplemental power to the current grid. -They can help to expand the exploration of natural resources.

They can generate energy consistently and cleanly.

Why do maps sometimes cause problems when borders are disputed? -They cannot adapt quickly enough to new political realities. -They are censored for showing borders inaccurately. -They cannot present the territory as all sides view it. -They are not objective about where borders lie.

They cannot present the territory as all sides view it.

Why have extreme natural boundaries often determined the borders of modern nations? -They never change, so they are reliable markers of territory. -They tend to create neighboring lands with different cultures. -They are easy to determine and draw on a map. -They can easily be included in international treaties.

They tend to create neighboring lands with different cultures.