Introduction to Sociology: Chapter 5 | Socialization
6 . How did nearly complete isolation as a child affect Danielle's verbal abilities?
She could not communicate at all.
4 . What did Carol Gilligan believe earlier researchers into morality had overlooked?
The perspective of females
generalized other
the common behavioral expectations of general society
5.1 Theories of Self-Development 1 . Think of a current issue or pattern that a sociologist might study. What types of questions would the sociologist ask, and what research methods might he employ? Now consider the questions and methods a psychologist might use to study the same issue. Comment on their different approaches. 2 . Explain why it's important to conduct research using both male and female participants. What sociological topics might show gender differences? Provide some examples to illustrate your ideas.
(Reflect)
5.2 Why Socialization Matters 3 . Why are twin studies an important way to learn about the relative effects of genetics and socialization on children? What questions about human development do you believe twin studies are best for answering? For what types of questions would twin studies not be as helpful? 4 . Why do you think that people like Chris Langan continue to have difficulty even after they are helped through societal systems? What is it they've missed that prevents them from functioning successfully in the social world?
(Reflect)
5.3 Agents of Socialization 5 . Do you think it is important that parents discuss gender roles with their young children, or is gender a topic better left for later? How do parents consider gender norms when buying their children books, movies, and toys? How do you believe they should consider it? 6 . Based on your observations, when are adolescents more likely to listen to their parents or to their peer groups when making decisions? What types of dilemmas lend themselves toward one social agent over another?
(Reflect)
5.4 Socialization Across the Life Course 7 . Consider a person who is joining a sorority or fraternity, attending college or boarding school, or even a child beginning kindergarten. How is the process the student goes through a form of socialization? What new cultural behaviors must the student adapt to? 8 . Do you think resocialization requires a total institution? Why, or why not? Can you think of any other ways someone could be resocialized?
(Reflect)
12 . Which one of the following is not a way people are socialized by religion?
An individual's personal internal experience of a divine being leads to their faith. (There are ways people are socialized by their religion: People learn the material culture of their religion, Life stages and roles are connected to religious celebration, and Places of worship provide a space for shared group experiences.)
8 . From a sociological perspective, which factor does not greatly influence a person's socialization?
Blood type (Factors like gender, class and race do)
3 . What occurs in Lawrence Kohlberg's conventional level?
Children begin to consider what society considers moral and immoral.
15 . Which of the following is not an age-related transition point when Americans must be socialized to new roles?
Infancy (school age, adulthood, and senior citizen are)
5.3 Agents of Socialization
Our direct interactions with social groups, like families and peers, teach us how others expect us to behave. Likewise, a society's formal and informal institutions socialize its population. Schools, workplaces, and the media communicate and reinforce cultural norms and values.
5.1 Theories of Self-Development
Psychological theories of self-development have been broadened by sociologists who explicitly study the role of society and social interaction in self-development. Charles Cooley and George Mead both contributed significantly to the sociological understanding of the development of self. Lawrence Kohlberg and Carol Gilligan developed their ideas further and researched how our sense of morality develops. Gilligan added the dimension of gender differences to Kohlberg's theory.
5 . What is one way to distinguish between psychology and sociology?
Psychology focuses on the mind, while sociology focuses on society. They are interested in mental health, while sociologists are interested in societal functions. And they also look inward to understand behavior while sociologists look outward.
5.4 Socialization Across the Life Course
Socialization is a lifelong process that reoccurs as we enter new phases of life, such as adulthood or senior age. Resocialization is a process that removes the socialization we have developed over time and replaces it with newly learned rules and roles. Because it involves removing old habits that have been built up, resocialization can be a stressful and difficult process.
5.2 Why Socialization Matters
Socialization is important because it helps uphold societies and cultures; it is also a key part of individual development. Research demonstrates that who we are is affected by both nature (our genetic and hormonal makeup) and nurture (the social environment in which we are raised). Sociology is most concerned with the way that society's influence affects our behavior patterns, made clear by the way behavior varies across class and gender.
7 . Why do sociologists need to be careful when drawing conclusions from twin studies?
The twins were often raised in different ways.
16 . Which of the following is true regarding U.S. socialization of recent high school graduates?
They are expected to enter college, trade school, or the workforce shortly after graduation.
10 . Why are wealthy parents more likely than poor parents to socialize their children toward creativity and problem solving?
Wealthy parents are socializing their children toward the skills of white-collar employment.
11 . How do schools prepare children to one day enter the workforce?
With a standardized curriculum, as well as the hidden curriculum, and by socializing them in teamwork.
peer group
a group made up of people who are similar in age and social status and who share interests
self
a person's distinct sense of identity as developed through social interaction
14 . Which of the following is typically the earliest agent of socialization?
family
1 . Socialization, as a sociological term, describes:
how people learn societal norms, beliefs, and values
13 . Which of the following is a manifest function of schools?
learning to read a write
2 . The Harlows' study on rhesus monkeys showed that:
social comfort is more important than food Show Hint
9 . Chris Langan's story illustrates that:
socialization can be more important than intelligence.
nature
the influence of our genetic makeup on self-development
hidden curriculum
the informal teaching done in schools that socializes children to societal norms
degradation ceremony
the process by which new members of a total institution lose aspects of their old identities and are given new ones
resocialization
the process by which old behaviors are removed and new behaviors are learned in their place
socialization
the process wherein people come to understand societal norms and expectations, to accept society's beliefs, and to be aware of societal values
nurture
the role that our social environment plays in self-development
moral development
the way people learn what is "good" and "bad" in society
anticipatory socialization
the way we prepare for future life roles
