Introduction to the Human Body

An X-ray reveals that a patient has a break in the distal humerus (bone of the upper arm). The break is located closest to the _____.

Elbow

The mediastinum is the part of the thoracic cavity that contains the lung, the heart and its major blood vessels, the trachea, the thymus gland, and the esophagus.

False

Clinicians often describe the location of an organ or pain in relation to its location or area within the abdominopelvic cavity. The abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into _____ by placing imaginary horizontal and vertical lines through the umbilicus.

Four quadrants

Normal human body temperature is 98.6oF. However, throughout the day this temperature may normally increase or decrease by a few degrees depending on the environment or activity level. This is an example of _____.

Homeostasis

Homeostasis occurs when the human body _____.

Maintains a relatively stable internal environment, within normal limits

Doug went to the emergency room complaining of chest pain, shortness of breath, and fever. Upon examination his doctor could hear a scratchy, rubbing sound when she listened to Doug's heart with a stethoscope. The doctor discovered that he had a viral infection in the membrane surrounding his heart. This condition is called _____.

Pericarditis

To examine the lower back, a patient would need to be in the _____ position on an exam table.

Prone

The abdominopelvic regions that are located laterally, below the cartilage of the ribs, and literally translated mean "under cartilage," are the _____.

Right and left lumbar regions

Which type of section would depict an MRI image of the abdomen divided into right and left halves?

Sagittal

The type of membrane that lines the thoracic and abdominal cavities is _____.

Serous

Which of the following is located in the left upper quadrant?

Spleen

Which of the following statements is FALSE? (Assume the individual is standing in anatomical position.) The pinky finger is lateral to the ring finger. The chin is medial to the cheeks. The ankle is inferior to the knee. The cephalic border of the pelvis is on the side closest to the head as opposed to the leg. The navel is anterior to the buttocks.

The pinky finger is lateral to the ring finger.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the skin and the skeleton?

The skin is superficial to the skeleton.

An organ is defined as a structure that is composed of two or more different types of _____ organized into a distinct shape that performs specific functions.

Tissues

_____ is another term that describes the front or anterior surface of a human.

Ventral

A person facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the

anatomical position.

An anatomical term that means the same as ventral:

anterior

Place the following hierarchy of organization in the correct order from the simplest to most complex: molecule atom organ system tissue organism organ cell

atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Which two cavities are continuous with each other?

cranial and spinal

The wrist is ________ to the elbow.

distal

All of the following are inferior to the umbilical region EXCEPT the __________.

epigastric region

All of the following are inferior to the umbilical region EXCEPT the __________. urinary bladder epigastric region hypogastric region pubic region

epigastric region

A cut that separates anterior and posterior structures.

frontal

Which of the following regions corresponds to the buttocks?

gluteal

midsagittal section would pass through the

heart.

The chin is ________ to the nose.

inferior

The transtubercular plane of the abdominopelvic region is _________.

inferior to the umbilicus and crosses the abdomen at the level of the superior hips

Which of the following regions corresponds to the lower back?

lumbar

The heart is ________ to the lungs.

medial

A cut that passes parallel through the long axis of the body and divides the body into equal left and right halves is known as a ________.

midsagittal

There are __________ abdominopelvic regions?

nine

Which structure is medial to the eyes?

nose

Which of the following organs is not contained within the abdominal cavity?

ovary

All the following describe proper anatomical position EXCEPT the __________. palms of the hands are facing backward feet are facing forward palms are the hands are facing forward eyes are straight ahead

palms of the hands are facing

Which of the following terms refers to the foot?

pedal

The quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include all of the following except

pelvic quadrant.

The thoracic cavity contains the

pericardial and pleural cavities

Identify a structure located within the mediastinum.

pericardial sac

The two major body cavities, which contain all of the internal organs, are _____.

Dorsal and ventral

Which body cavity provides the least protection to its internal structures?

Abdominal cavity

Blood is often drawn from the blood vessels located at the front of a patient's elbow, which is called the _____.

Antecubitus

A patient goes to the emergency room complaining of lower right quadrant pain. The physician on duty who is treating this patient will likely rule out which of the following conditions first?

Appendicitis

To perform surgery on the spinal cord, a surgeon would need to cut into the _____.

Dorsal cavity

Which of the following is an example of physiology (as opposed to anatomy)?

Describing the details of how a muscle contracts

The serous membrane of the lungs is called the __________.

pleura

The right lung lies in the _________ cavity.

pleural

What is the function of the serous fluid?

reduce friction

The right pleural cavity contains the

right lung.

The gallbladder is found in which abdominopelvic quadrant?

right upper quadrant

Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?

sagittal

All the following are found on the ventral side of the body EXCEPT the __________.

sternum

A person is lying on the bed gazing at the ceiling. She is in the ________ position.

supine

The following are all regions of the upper limb EXCEPT _________.

sural

he following are all regions of the upper limb EXCEPT _________. antecubital sural brachial carpal

sural

All the following structures are superior to the hips EXCEPT the _________.

thighs

The two major divisions of the ventral body cavity are the

thoracic and abdominopelvic.

he muscle known as the diaphragm separates the ________ from the ________.

thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity

The ventral body cavity is divided into two major cavities, the superior _______ cavity and the inferior ____________ cavity.

thoracic; abdominopelvic

Which of the following is not considered an abdominopelvic region?

upper

The layer of the serous membrane that is directly attached to the internal organ is the ________.

visceral layer

All the following structures are inferior to the hips EXCEPT the __________.

waist