Inventory 2

Leonidas

king of Sparta and hero of the battle of Thermopylae where he was killed by the Persians (died in 480 BC)

Antigone

Daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta

Medusa(Gorgon)

monster that has snakes as hair-oldest of 3 sisters-look her in eyes and turn to stone

Aesop

most famous writer of fables in the world, former slave

Prometheus

s a Titan in Greek mythology, best known as the deity in Greek mythology who was the creator of mankind and its greatest benefactor, who stole fire from Mount Olympus and gave it to mankind.

Selene

s the goddess of the moon. She is the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, and sister of the sun-god Helios, and Eos, goddess of the dawn. She drives her moon chariot across the heavens.

Clytemnestra

she plotted to murder her husband, Agamemnon, on his return

Lesbos

sometimes referred to as Mytilini after its capital, is a Greek island located in the northeastern Aegean Sea

Apotropaic Eye

ward off evil, defensive form of magic, making sure people don't hurt you, used against witches

Sappho

was a Greek lyric poet, born on the island of Lesbos. The Alexandrians included her in the list of nine lyric poets. She was born sometime between 630 and 612 BCE, and it is said that she died around 570 BCE, but little is known for certain about her life. The bulk of her poetry, which was well-known and greatly admired through much of antiquity, has been lost, but her immense reputation has endured through surviving fragments

Hesiod

was a Greek poet generally thought by scholars to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer.[2][3] He is generally regarded as the first written poet in the Western tradition to regard himself as individual persona with an active role to play in his subject.

Okeanos

was a divine figure in classical antiquity, believed by the ancient Greeks and Romans to be the divine personification of the sea, an enormous river encircling the world.

Metis

was of the Titan generation and, like several primordial figures, an Oceanid, in the sense that Metis was born of Oceanus and his sister Tethys, of an earlier age than Zeus and his siblings. Metis was the first great spouse of Zeus,[1] and also his cousin.[2] Zeus is himself titled Mêtieta, "the wise counsellor," in the Homeric poems.

Erebus

was often conceived as a primordial deity, representing the personification of darkness; for instance, Hesiod's Theogony identifies him as one of the first five beings in existence, born of Chaos.

Eumenides

Furies become these at the end of the play by their same name after being appeased by Athena, no longer malignant spirits; "the kindly ones"

Apollo

God of music, poetry, prophecy, and medicine. Sun god.

Athena

Goddess of wisdom

Hyperion

Greek Titan of Fire In Greek mythology, was one of the twelve Titan children of Gaia (Earth) and Uranus (Sky or Heaven) who, led by Cronus, overthrew Uranus and were themselves later overthrown by the Olympians. With his sister, the Titaness Theia, Hyperion fathered Helios (Sun), Selene (Moon) and Eos (Dawn).[1]

Thucydides

Greek historian. Considered the greatest historian of antiquity, he wrote a critical history of the Peloponnesian War that contains the funeral oration of Pericles

Polydectes

He challenged Perseus to kill Medusa; he was later turned to stone

Eulogy

High praise of a person recently dead

Pantus Rhei

"everything flows"[35] either was spoken by Heraclitus or survived as a quotation of his. This famous aphorism used to characterize Heraclitus' thought comes from Simplicius,[36] a neoplatonist, and from Plato's Cratylus.

Oedipus

(Greek mythology) a tragic king of Thebes who unknowingly killed his father Laius and married his mother Jocasta

Jocasta

(Greek mythology) queen of Thebes who unknowingly married her own son Oedipus

Creon

(Greek mythology) the brother of Jocasta and uncle of Antigone who became king of Thebes after the fall of Oedipus

Thermopylae

100 miles from Athens; it is where the Greek soldiers held off the Persian army for 3 days then the Persians killed every soldier guarding the pass and then marched on to Athens where they set it on fire

Graeae

3 sisters/gray women who share one tooth and one eye if you take them away they answer questions-how Perseus finds out where Medusa is

Polynices

Antigone wants to bury this dead brother

Ismene

Antigone's sister who would not join Antigone's wish to bury Polyneices, but later wanted to join her in death

Pericles

Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens and for ordering the construction of the Parthenon.

Demeter

Earth Mother-Goddess-Sister of Zeus-On Chicago Trade building-Grain, grass, oat, wheatsDemeter is the goddess of corn, grain, and the harvest. She is the daughter of Cronus and Rhea. It is Demeter that makes the crops grow each year. The first loaf of bread from the harvest is sacrificed to her. Demeter is the goddess of the earth, of agriculture, and of fertility in general. Sacred to her are livestock and agricultural products, poppy, narcissus and the crane. Demeter is intimately associated with the seasons. Her daughter Persephone was abducted by Hades to be his wife in the underworld. In her anger at her daughter's loss Demeter laid a curse on the world that caused plants to wither and die, the land become desolate. Zeus became alarmed and sought Persephone's return. However, because she had eaten while in the underworld Hades had a claim on her. Therefore, it was decreed that Persephone would spend four months each year in the underworld. During these months Demeter greves her daughters absence, and withdraws her gifts from the world, creating winter. Her return brought the spring. Demeter is also known for founding the Eleusinian Mysteries. These were huge festivals held every five years. They were important events for many centuries. Yet, little is known of them as those attending were sworn to secrecy. The central tenet seems to have been that just as grain returns every spring after its harvest and wintery death, so too the human soul could be reborn after the death of the body.

Electra

In Greek mythology, Electra was the daughter of King Agamemnon and Queen Clytemnestra, and thus princess of Argos. She and her brother Orestes plotted revenge against their mother Clytemnestra and stepfather Aegisthus for the murder of their father, Agamemnon.

Acrisius

King-has prophecy that grandson will kill him (Perseus)-puts daughter (Danao) in dungeon for years so she can't become pregnant-when she does he throws them in ocean

Story of Demeter

Kore/ Persephone is taken forcibly into the underworld to be the wife of Hades. Demeter goes into great mourning because her daughter has been abducted and she wanders the earth (sometimes said for nine days) and she carries torches not sleeping or eating or bathing searching for Persephone with no avail. Demeter asks Zeus for help and Hecate comes to Demeter and tells her she has heard the abduction and heard it happen. The underworld was very gloomy to live in but was also considered to be very rich because of all of the minerals underground. Demeter has a grudge against Zeus now and stays away from Olympus and she wanders the Earth in disguise as an old woman and she goes to the city of Eleusis and she appears at a well exhausted where she meets three or four girls who are the daughters of Metaneira. Metaneira has a late born son, a baby when she is very old. Demeter tells Metaneira she was abducted by pirates and the girls offer to help her. Metaneira needs a nurse for the boy and Demeter serves as it and Metaneira feels a sort of radiance when Demeter enters the house. Demeter is a good nurse and the child grows more rapidly than any regular child should. Demeter has decided that since the family was so nice to her she will make the boy immortal by feeding him nectar and ambrosia. Part of the immortality process is putting him in the fire every night. One night Metaneira wakes up and sees her child in the fire and Demeter becomes angry at being discovered and goes on about how stupid humans are. She goes on to tell Metaneira she was going to make her child immortal but instead the people of Eleusis will have to pay a debt to her now by building a temple and worshipping her. Demeter continues to grieve, though the people begin to worship her she continues to grieve and let the crops die. She is threatening to wipe out the human race unless her daughter is returned to her. Zeus becomes very disturbed and so he sends Iris to tell Demeter to go back to Olympus. Demeter ignores him and barters a deal with Zeus. Zeus tells Hades to have Hermes bring Persephone back up to Demeter. Persephone eats the pomegranate and becomes permanently a part of the underworld and so the deal is that she will stay down in the underworld three months of the year, which accounts for winter. During that time Demeter will grieve and the Earth will die again. This story is cyclical, about the cycle of the earth, but also about the rebirth, which is common in Greek mythology. After the deal is settled and Persephone comes back, Demeter grows the crops again and this time she teaches Triptolemus agriculture. Demeter's worship at Eleusis may have lasted 1500 years.

Tartarus

Male and female struggling-idea of nothing ever changing-blackness-reserved for those being punished for not honoring Gods

Simonides

Simonides of Ceos was a Greek lyric poet, born at Ioulis on Ceos. The scholars of Hellenistic Alexandria included him in the canonical list of nine lyric poets, along with Bacchylides and Pindar.

Orestes

Son of Agamemnon and Klytaimnestra. He kills his mother Klytaimnestra and her lover Aegisthos for vengance when they kill Agamemnon

Etiocles

Son of Oedipus; brother of Polyniches; gets proper burial

Helios

Sun God-sees everything

Iphigenia

The daughter of Agamemnon and Klytaimnestra. She openly agrees to be sacrificed when the boat to Troy has no wind.

Oracle

a person thought to be a source of wisdom or prophecy

Heraclitus

a presocratic Greek philosopher who said that fire is the origin of all things and that permanence is an illusion as all things are in perpetual flux (circa 500 BC)

Erinyes

also known as the Furies, were female chthonic deities of vengeance; they were sometimes referred to as "infernal goddesses" (χθόνιαι θεαί). A formulaic oath in the Iliad invokes them as "those who beneath the earth punish whosoever has sworn a false oath

Homeric hymn

are a collection of thirty-three anonymous Ancient Greek hymns celebrating individual gods. The hymns are "Homeric" in the sense that they employ the same epic meter—dactylic hexameter—as the Iliad and Odyssey, use many similar formulas and are couched in the same dialect.

Danae

daughter of Acrisuis-impregnanted by Zeus-earliest lullaby-when thrown in ocean with Perseus she is rescued by fisherman

Panegyric

elaborate praise; formal hymn of praise

Dictys

fisherman who saves Danao-takes them to an island where the king wants to marry her

Perseus

hero-gets head of medusa-son of Danao-recieves gifts from Gods to kill medusa to save mother-cap,sword, mirror shield, winged sandals

Eos

is a Titaness and the goddess[1] of the dawn, who rose each morning from her home at the edge of the Oceanus. Eos had a brother and a sister, Helios, god of the sun, and Selene, goddess of the moon.

Works and Days

is a didactic poem of some 800 lines written by the ancient Greek poet Hesiod around 700 BCE. At its center, the Works and Days is a farmer's almanac in which Hesiod instructs his brother Perses in the agricultural arts.

Oresteia

is a trilogy of Greek tragedies written by Aeschylus concerning the end of the curse on the House of Atreus. The name derives from the character Orestes, who sets out to avenge his father's murder.

Hestia

is a virgin goddess of the hearth, architecture, and the right ordering of domesticity, the family, and the state. In Greek mythology, she is a daughter of Cronus and Rhea[1] and the eldest of the Olympian Gods.

Themis

is an ancient Greek Titaness. She is described as "of good counsel", and is the personification of divine order, law, natural law and custom. Themis means "divine law" rather than human ordinance, literally "that which is put in place", from the Greek verb títhēmi (τίθημι), meaning "to put".

Pre-Socratic Philosophy

is ancient Greek philosophy before Socrates (and includes schools contemporary to Socrates that were not influenced by him[1]). In Classical antiquity, the Presocratic philosophers were called physiologoi (Greek: φυσιόλογοι; in English, physical or natural philosophers).[2] Aristotle called them physikoi ("physicists", after physis, "nature") because they sought natural explanations for phenomena, as opposed to the earlier theologoi (theologians), whose philosophical basis was supernatural.

Charites

is one of three or more minor goddesses of charm, beauty, nature, human creativity, and fertility, together known as the Charites

Rhea

is the Titaness daughter of the earth goddess Gaia and the sky god Uranus, in Greek mythology and sister and wife to Cronus. In early traditions, she is known as "the mother of gods" and therefore is strongly associated with Gaia and Cybele, who have similar functions. The classical Greeks saw her as the mother of the Olympian goddesses and gods, but not as an Olympian goddess in her own right.

Eumenides

is the final play of the Oresteia, in which Orestes, Apollo, and the Erinyes go before Athena and eleven other judges chosen by her from the Athenian citizenry at the Areopagus (Rock of Ares, a flat rocky hill by the Athenian agora where the homicide court of Athens later held its sessions), to decide whether Orestes's killing of his mother, Clytemnestra, makes him guilty of the crime of murder.

Athena

is the goddess of wisdom, courage, inspiration, civilization, law and justice, mathematics, strength, war strategy, the arts, crafts, and skill in ancient Greek religion and mythology. Minerva is the Roman goddess identified with Athena.[2] Athena is known for her calm temperament, as she moves slowly to anger. She is noted to have only fought for just reasons, and would not fight without a purpose.

Hera

is the wife and one of three sisters of Zeus in the Olympian pantheon of Greek mythology and religion. Her chief function was as the goddess of women and marriage.

Eros/Cupid (Desire)

was the Greek god of love. His Roman counterpart was Cupid[4] ("desire"). Some myths make him a primordial god, while in other myths, he is the son of Aphrodite. He was one of the winged love gods, Erotes.

Hades

was the King of the Underworld, the god of death and the dead. He presided over funeral rites and defended the right of the dead to due burial. Haides was also the god of the hidden wealth of the earth, from the fertile soil with nourished the seed-grain, to the mined wealth of gold, silver and other metals. Hades was devoured by Kronos as soon as he was born, along with four of his siblings. Zeus later caused the Titan to disgorge them, and together they drove the Titan gods from heaven and locked them away in the pit of Tartaros. When the three victorious brothers then drew lots for the division of the cosmos, Hades received the third portion, the dark dismal realm of the underworld, as his domain. Hades desired a bride and petitioned his brother Zeus to grant him one of his daughters. The god offered him Persephone, the daughter of Demeter. However, knowing that the goddess would resist the marriage, he assented to the forceful abduction of the girl. When Demeter learned of this, she was furious and caused a great dearth to fall upon the earth until her daughter was returned. Zeus was forced to concede lest mankind perish, and the girl was fetched forth from the underworld. However, since she had tasted of the pomegranate seed, she was forced to return to him for a portion of each year. Haides was depicted as a dark-bearded, regal god. He was depicted as either Aidoneus, enthroned in the underworld, holding a bird-tipped sceptre, or as Plouton, the giver of wealth, pouring fertility from a cornucopia. The Romans named him Dis, or Pluto, the Latin form of his Greek title Plouton, "the Lord of Riches."

Epimetheus

was the brother of Prometheus (traditionally interpreted as "foresight", literally "fore-thinker"), a pair of Titans who "acted as representatives of mankind" (Kerenyi 1951, p 207). They were the sons of Iapetus,[1] who in other contexts was the father of Atlas. While Prometheus is characterized as ingenious and clever, Epimetheus is depicted as foolish.

Pyrrha

was the daughter of Epimetheus and Pandora and wife of Deucalion. When Zeus decided to end the Bronze Age with the great deluge, Deucalion and his wife, Pyrrha, were the only survivors.

Pandora

was the first human woman created by the gods, specifically by Hephaestus and Athena on the instructions of Zeus.[2][3] As Hesiod related it, each god helped create her by giving her unique gifts. Zeus ordered Hephaestus to mold her out of earth as part of the punishment of humanity for Prometheus' theft of the secret of fire, and all the gods joined in offering her "seductive gifts".

Chaos

was the first thing to exist: "at first Chaos came to be" (or was)[3] "but next" (possibly out of Chaos) came Gaia, Tartarus, and Eros.[4] Unambiguously born "from Chaos" were Erebus (Darkness) and Nyx (Night)

Kronos

was the leader and youngest of the first generation of Titans, the divine descendants of Uranus, the sky, and Gaia, the earth. He overthrew his father and ruled during the mythological Golden Age, until he was overthrown by his own son Zeus and imprisoned in Tartarus.

Gaia

was the personification of the Earth[2] and one of the Greek primordial deities. Gaia was the great mother of all: the primal Greek Mother Goddess; creator and giver of birth to the Earth and all the Universe; the heavenly gods, the Titans, and the Giants were born to her.

Anchises

was the son of Capys and Themiste (daughter of Ilus, who was son of Tros). He was the father of Aeneas and a member of the royal family of Troy.[1] His major claim to fame in Greek mythology is that he was a mortal lover of the goddess Aphrodite

Deucalion

was the son of Prometheus; ancient sources name his mother as Clymene, Hesione, or Pronoia.[1] He is closely connected with the Flood myth, according to which, the anger of Zeus was ignited by the hubris of the Pelasgians. So Zeus decided to put an end to the Bronze Age.

Titans

were members of the second order of divine beings, descending from the primordial deities and preceding the Olympian deities. Based on Mount Othrys, the Titans most famously included the first twelve children of the primordial Gaia (Mother Earth) and Uranus (Father Sky)

Moirai

were the white-robed incarnations of destiny; their Roman equivalent was the Parcae (euphemistically the "sparing ones"). Their number became fixed at three: Clotho (spinner), Lachesis (allotter) and Atropos (unturnable). They controlled the mother thread of life of every mortal from birth to death. They were independent, at the helm of necessity, directed fate, and watched that the fate assigned to every being by eternal laws might take its course without obstruction.

Aeschylus

wrote Oresteia and ,Seven Against Thebes. was an ancient Greek tragedian. His plays, alongside those of Sophocles and Euripides, are the only works of Classical Greek literature to have survived. He is often described as the father of tragedy

Sophocles

wrote tragic plays; "Oedipus" and "Antigone"