(Invitation to the Lifespan) Developmental Psyc 110 Ch. 6

Lexie and Michael listen very patiently to their children. They consistently try to talk out problems as they occur and understand their children's point of view. This aspect of Lexie and Michael's parenting would fall into which of Diana Baumrind's dimensions of parenting?

communication

In one set of experiments described in the textbook, some 4- to 7-year-old boys were told that boys in general are good at a particular game, whereas others were told that a particular boy was good at it. The boys were told that that boys in general were good at the game "felt less happy and less competent, liked the game less, [and] were less persistent" (Cimpian, 2013, p. 272). The passage in quotations makes reference to _____ variables.

dependent

Children who master _____ have learned when and how to express emotions.

emotional regulation

Billy and Tish do not believe that it is right to expect their children to exhibit self-control or to take responsibility for most of their behaviors. This aspect of Billy and Tish's parenting would fall into which of Diana Baumrind's dimensions of parenting?

expectations for maturity

Roland is a sales associate in a jewelry store. He tries to sell as many expensive pieces as he can because of the commission he earns. In this example, Roland is demonstrating _____ motivation.

extrinsic

Which of the following is a sign of maltreatment?

fantasy play dominated by violent themes

According to Erikson, a child's optimistic self-concept helps protect him or her from the emotions of:

guilt and shame

Four-year-old Brooks is afraid of the sound of the loud train whistle and of going to bed without a light on. His excessive fears are an expression of:

immature development of his prefrontal cortex.

Reese is 4 years old. Over the last few years, she has been excitedly learning new skills and trying new things. Reese feels confident in her ability to do almost anything and has been fairly successful in learning these skills. She can tie her shoes, knows all her colors and the alphabet, and loves playing tag with her siblings. Erik Erikson would MOST likely say that Reese is developing:

initiative

All intentional harm to or avoidable endangerment of anyone under 18 years of age is referred to as child:

maltreatment.

Mira is uninvolved in the lives of her children. She does not seem to know or care what they are doing. Her parenting style might be BEST described as:

neglectful

Ginger watches Hayley and Iris play with dolls. This exemplifies _____ play.

onlooker

Which of the following is one of Mildred Parten's five stages of social play?

onlooker; solidarity; parallel play; associative play; cooperative play

Jeannie has low expectations for maturity from her children and rarely disciplines them, but she loves them and listens well to them. She would be characterized by Diana Baumrind as having a(n) _____ parenting style.

permissive

Which are more likely to be injured in a car accident in the United States?

pre-school aged children

Gina and Tim frequently engage in games of make-believe, often pretending they are the mommy and daddy, animals, or heroes. This _____ play helps Gina and Tim to develop a self-concept in a nonthreatening context.

sociodramatic

Which type of play allows for children to act out various roles and plots?

sociodramatic play

Angela's little girl found a bottle of her perfume and drank half the bottle. Angela immediately calls poison control and takes the steps that they advise. This is an example of _____ prevention.

tertiary

Emotional regulation is:

the most important psychosocial task for children ages 2 to 6 to master

Which of Sigmund Freud's psychosexual stages of development occurs from about ages 3 to 6?

the phallic stage

According to the text, gender differences involve:

the various roles of males and females prescribed by the culture

Expectations of maturity are highest in _____ caregiving and lowest in _____ caregiving.

authoritarian; permissive

Nadia is 5 years old, and she likes to help her mother in the kitchen at dinnertime. However, her mother is often impatient at the end of the day, scolding Nadia when she tries to help. Her mother finds she can get things done more quickly if Nadia stays out of the way. Based on Erik Erikson's theory, Nadia may fail to develop:

initiative

The disciplinary technique that involves parents threatening the withdrawal of their love and support and relying on a child's feelings of guilt and gratitude to the parents is called:

psychological control.

In psychoanalytic theory, the judgmental part of the personality that internalizes the moral standards of the parents is the:

superego.

Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention of child maltreatment?

-home visitation of families with infants by health professionals

Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention of child maltreatment?

-removing a child from an abusive home

initiative

A discipline technique that may damage a child's math achievement is:

intrinsic motivation

A drive that comes from inside a person is called:

encourage empathy.

A parent might ask a child, "How would you feel if someone did that to you?" in order to:

guilt

Erikson called the negative consequence of his third developmental stage:

prosocial behavior.

Five-year-old Edward approaches a new student in his school and invites him to join in a game he is playing with other children. Edward is displaying: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

secondary

Flashing lights on stopped school buses are an example of _____ prevention.

psychological control.

Gail says to her son, "All I do is cook and clean for you, and you are not considerate enough to pick up your toys! Mommy is not going to love you if you don't pick up your toys." This discipline technique is:

How does behavioral theory explain gender differences?

Gender roles are learned as a result of ongoing reinforcement and punishment, as well as social learning.

How does cognitive theory explain gender differences and sex role development?

Gender roles are the result of children's gender schema, or their understanding of sex differences.

reported maltreatment

Georgia's teacher notices large bruises on her arms and legs over a period of a few weeks. When she asks Georgia about these marks, Georgia refuses to talk about it. Georgia's teacher contacts family services and tells them that she suspects the girl is being abused. At this point, before an investigation has taken place, Georgia's condition is known as:

_____ suggests that gender roles develop as young children seek acceptance from their peers. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

Humanism

Which statement is TRUE about imaginary friends?

Imaginary friends meet some of the psychosocial needs of children.

expectations for maturity

In which of Baumrind's dimensions do parents vary in standards for responsibility and self-control in their children?

authoritarian

In which parenting style are parents are more likely to use physical punishment?

Rocky and Zayn frequently engage in wrestling, chasing, and other types of rough-and-tumble play. Which is NOT a benefit they receive from this type of play?

It helps them to rehearse social roles.

Which statement about physical punishment is TRUE?

Many children who were physically punished as children do not grow up to become violent adults.

instrumental

Of the four types of aggression described in the text, _____ aggression is probably the least "personal."

young children

Physical punishment, such as slapping and spanking, is used more on _____ than on any other age group.

expressions of warmth

Researcher Diana Baumrind found that parents differ in four important dimensions of rearing children. Which of the following is one of those dimensions?

bullying

Sandra repeatedly threatens and pushes Terri whenever the teachers are not looking. Terri knows she has never done anything wrong to Sandra but feels powerless to stop her. Sandra is MOST likely engaging in _____ aggression.

What was a limitation of Diana Baumrind's research on parenting styles?

She overlooked children's temperamental differences.

antisocial behavior

Six-year-old Johnny suddenly makes an angry face at Alan and kicks him hard for no apparent reason. It is clear that he means to cause pain to Alan and is not just "playing around." Johnny is displaying:

emotional regulation.

The ability to control when and how emotions are expressed is referred to as:

Why do experts prefer the term "harm reduction" to the term "accident prevention"?

The use of the term "accident" suggests that no one is at fault and that certain events are inevitable.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding permissive parents?

They have high nurturance and acceptance

reported maltreatment

Two-year-old Derek's neighbors notice that the boy is often dirty, wearing improper clothing for the weather, and left unattended on the family's porch. They call family services to report that they suspect the boy is being abused or neglected. At this point, before an investigation has taken place, Derek's condition is known as:

Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between emotional regulation and emotional control?

Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between emotional regulation and emotional control?Emotional control is synonymous with emotional regulation.

Which is an example of onlooker play?

a child watching another child play

What is bullying aggression?

a kind of aggression that is unprovoked and involves repeated physical or verbal attacks

The development of empathy is apparent in the child's:

ability to understand the emotions of others.

Maura and Trish are eighth-graders who have been caught smoking at school. Maura's parents yell at her, ground her for a month, and take away her screen and media privileges for two weeks. Trish's parents talk to her about their disappointment and concern. Additionally, they make her spend every afternoon for a week at the library researching the dangers of smoking; Trish is expected to discuss her findings with her parents each night at dinner. With respect to the caregiving styles discussed in the textbook, Maura's parents are _____; Trish's are _____. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

authoritarian; authoritative

Joe works hard to be respectful and fair toward his children. He tries to consistently enforce pre-set rules, but can be flexible, and strongly believes in natural and logical consequences for their behavior. According to Diana Baumrind, his parenting style could be BEST described as:

authoritative.

Which theory asserts that gender roles are learned as a result of ongoing reinforcement and punishment, as well as social learning?

behaviorism