Ionic Compounds: Name and Formula, Ionic Bonding, Ionic Bonds
magnesium hydroxide
Mg(OH)₂
rubidium iodide
RbI
how to balance a chemical formula
find charges, criss-cross, reduce if possible
sea of electrons
found in metallic bonding, responsible for properties of metals
PbO₂
lead (IV) oxide
Li₂O
lithium oxide
ductility
metal that can be drawn into a thin wire, caused by sea of electrons
charge of a compound
neutral
how to name a positive ion
no change
valence electrons
outside shell of electrons, found by looking at columns of representative elements
Chemical Formula
shows the numbers of atoms of each element in the smallest representative unit of a substance.
AgNO₃
silver nitrate
NaNO₃
sodium nitrate
Non-metals
They normally gain electrons during chemical reactions. Usually form negative ions.
Metals
They normally lose electrons during chemical reactions. Usually, form positive ions.
how charge relates to valence electrons and octet rule
When a neutral atom loses a valence electron, it loses a negative charge. It becomes a positive ion. When a neutral atom gains an electron, it gains a negative charge and becomes a negative ion
Al₂(CO₃)₃
aluminum carbonate
AlPO₄
aluminum phosphate
NH₄Br
ammonium bromide
Ion
an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge
Ionic bond
attraction between two oppositely charged ions.
BeO
beryllium oxide
ionic compound
called a salt
defining characteristics of metallic bonding
cations with sea of electrons
Cu₂SO₄
copper (I) sulfate
CuCl₂
copper (II) chloride
Cu(NO₃)₂
copper (II) nitrate
coordination number
how many oppositely charged ions surround a specific particle in an ionic compound
roman numerals
how to show charge of transition metals when naming compounds
FeCl₃
iron (III) chloride
malleability
metal being hammered into a thin sheet, caused by sea of electrons
KI
potassium iodide
KNO₂
potassium nitrite
how to name a negative ion
replace ending with ide
Ag₂S
silver sulfide
NaOH
sodium hydroxide
ionic compound at room temp
solid crystal
Subscripts
tell the ratio of elements in a compound
Chemical formula
the group of symbols that shows the ratio of elements in a compound
Ionic compound
the result of the ionic bond (attraction between two oppositely charged ions)
SnF₂
tin (II) fluoride
When ionic compounds conduct electricity
when liquid or dissolved
How to write the formula for an ionic compound:
write the symbol of the positive ion and then the symbol of the negative ions. Add the subscripts that are needed to balance the charges.
ZnSO₄
zinc sulfate
strontium fluoride
SrF₂
strontium nitride
Sr₃N₂
Ionic compound
A compound that has ionic bonds.
Lewis Structures
A shorthand representation of the valence electrons in an atom.
Ionic bond
The force that hold cations and anions together.
Chemical bonding
The force that holds atoms or ions together as a unit.
Naming ionic compounds
The name of the positive ion comes first, followed by the name of the negative ion.
Ionization
The process by which an atom forms an ion.
potassium phosphide
K₃P
magnesium bromide
MgBr₂
aluminum oxide
Al₂O₃
Ion
An atom that has a net positive or negative charge.
Anion
An ion with a negative charge. Formed by gaining electrons
Cation
An ion with a positive charge. formed by losing electrons.
Octet Rule
Atoms gain or lose electrons to get a full outermost energy level.
barium chloride
BaCl₂
beryllium nitride
Be₃N₂
calcium nitrite
Ca(NO₂)₂
calcium oxide
CaO
calcium phosphide
Ca₃P₂
cesium acetate
CsC₂H₃O₂
sodium acetate
NaCH₃COO
sodium sulfide
Na₂S
sodium phosphate
Na₃PO₄
lead (II) nitrate
Pb(NO₃)₂
