IPC (Exam Review)
Create a line graph, a bar graph & circle graph. Tell when it is best to use each one.
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Give an example of a safe laboratory procedure
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Illustrate a group and a period on the periodic table
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Write a chemical equation that accurately represents what happens when sulfur and oxygen react to form sulfur trioxide? _2__ S + __3_O2 __2__SO3
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What are 5 centimeters equal to in km, m, dm & mm
0.00005 km 0.05 m 0.5dm 50mm
Atoms of the most reactive elements tend to have how many valence electrons?
1 or 7
Define an AMU
1/12 of a Carbon-12 Atom
What is the boiling point & melting point for WATER in Celsius?
100* is the boiling point & 0* is the melting (and freezing) point
Write the electron configuration for elements 16,17,18,19 and 20-
16-(S) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 17- (Cl) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 18-(Ar) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 19-(K) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 or [Ar] 4s1 20- (Ca) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 or [Ar] 4s2
In the name Carbon Dioxide, the prefix of the second word means that Carbon Dioxide contains:
2 oxygen atoms
Which groups on the periodic table include ONLY metals?
2-12
A member of the carbon family has four valence electrons, while a member of the halogen family has ...valence electrons
7
How is 0.00072 written in scientific notation?
7.2 x 10*-4
Which group of elements have stable electron configurations?
8A Noble Gases
Give an example of something that is NOT a pure substance?
A Mixture
Define science
A system of knowledge and the methods used to find that knowledge.
The unit for atomic mass is
AMU
According to.... all matter was made up of four elements — earth, air, fire, and water.
ARISTOTLE,
The Greek philosopher Democritus coined what word for a tiny piece of matter that cannot be divided?
ATOM or ATOMOS
How are science & technology related?
Advances in one can lead to advances in the other
Mendeleev arranged the known chemical elements in a table according to increasing
Atomic Mass
Moving from left to right across a row of the periodic table, what values increases by one each square?
Atomic Number
The number of protons in one atom of an element is that element's
Atomic Number
To find the number of neutrons in an atom, you would subtract
Atomic number (top) from Mass Number (bottom)
What are the building blocks of all matter?
Atoms
If Beryllium (Be) and Chlorine (Cl) react with a one to two ratio, write the formula.
Be Cl2
The water molecule, H20 is polar because it contains two single polar bonds and
Because of its bent shape
Which analogy from nature describes an electron in an atomic orbital?
Bee in a jar
What happens during a chemical reaction? (about reactants and products)
Bonds in the reactants are broken and bonds in the products are formed
The total amount of energy before and after a chemical reaction is the same. Thus, energy is
CONSERVED MISCELLANEOUS
If a structural formula contains a long dash, H-H you can assume the compound is:
COVALENT
Which element is found in most of the compounds in your body except for water?
Carbon
When 2 atoms of the SAME non-metal react they form what?
Diatomic Molecules
What is the LIMITATION of a model?
Does not act like the real thing
What takes place during a redox reaction?
Electrons are gained and lost
Make a chart showing the properties and examples of an element compound and mixture. Be sure to list all the different types of mixtures we have learned about (Chapter 3)
Element |Compound |Mixture Pure Substance|Pure Substance|Not Pure Substance only 1 element |2 or more |made of many things Sodium-NA|elements in ratio |- NO FIXED RATIO |Sodium Chloride - |salad,dirt.pizza, air |NaCl |Heterogeneous , |Homogenous,Solutions | colloids,suspension
Name 2 things that are pure substances?
Elements & compounds
Define Pressure.
Force distributed over an area UNIT = PASCAL (Pa)
Which of the Group 1A elements is the most reactive according to periodic table trends?
Fr
What is the difference between an atom in the ground state and an atom in an excited state?
Ground state has electrons in lowest possible energy levels, excited state has electrons in higher levels-more unstable
What was John Dalton's model of the atom?
Hard solid sphere with a predictable mass that could not be divided. He did not know about subatomic particles.
In a laboratory procedure, you form a useful but highly reactive compound. How could you store the compound so that it will not react?
IN OIL OR ARGON GAS
During a phase change, what happens to the temperature of a substance-
IT DOES NOT CHANGE
How are some highly reactive elements stored to keep them safe?
In oil or argon gas
Identify the axis that the independent & dependent variable belongs on.
Independent goes on the X & the Dependent goes on the Y.... known as DRY MIX
What did Democritus believe about matter?
It was made of tiny indivisible pieces
Fluorine (F) forms a binary ionic compound with Lithium (Li) what is the name of this compound?
Lithium Fluoride use rules for naming ionic compounds
What are some characteristic of a mixture?
Many elements, no fixed ratio can be classified based on the size of the particles
What is a mixture?
Many things mixed together, NOT in a specific ratio
List the phase changes and what happens to the matter in each
Melting-solid to a liquid-ENDOTHERMIC Freezing-liquid to a solid-EXOTHERMIC Vaporization-liquid to gas ENDOTHERMIC Condensation-gas to liquid EXOTHERMIC Sublimation-solid to gas ENDOTHERMIC Deposition- gas to solid EXOTHERMIC
Coaches at a track event used four different clocks to time an event. one had minutesand seconds and tenths of seconds and one had minutes, seconds, tenths of seconds and hundredths of seconds. Which coach the most precise?
Minutes, seconds, tenths of seconds & hundredths of seconds.
What is a physical or mental representation of an object or an event?
Model
Describe a polar covalent bond?
Molecule is bent and has a slight negative charge on one end and slight positive on the other
Show a formula that represents a compound whose molecules contain a triple bond
N N
Protons and .... are found in the nucleus of an atom.
NEUTRONS
In which step of the scientific method is information obtained through the SENSES?
Observation
A(An)... change occurs when a material changes shape or size but the composition of the material does not change.
PHYSICAL
The Pascal is the SI unit for
PRESSURE.
list all types of physical & chemical changes.
Physical- cutting, tearing, rapping, any change off state. Chemical- burning, reaction with oxygen or other chemicals, rusting, tarnishing
Give clues for each of the above
Physical- it can be changed back easily, the substance does not lose its properties Chemical- light, heat, gas produced, new substance is formed, cant be changed back easily. Precipitate formed
Ninety-nine percent of all the matter in the universe is what?
Plasma
What are the subatomic particles, where are they and what is the charge on each one?
Proton-Nucleus-Positive Neutron-Nucleus-Neutral Electron-Outside the nucleus-Negative KNOW THE QUARKS: UP, DOWN, TOP, BOTTOM, STRANGE, CHARMED
The substances that undergo change in a chemical reaction are called
REACTANTS
An organized plan for gathering, organizing, and communicating information is called the
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
You are about to drink some chocolate milk but notice it says "shake well before serving." The chocolate milk is probably classified ad what type of mixture?
SUSPENSION
Name a substance that has high reactivity
Sodium
Which group 1A element is found in nature only in compounds?
Sodium
What is a heterogenous mixture?
Substance in which the particles look different-a jar of mixed candy
What is viscosity?
Substance's resistance to flowing
Explain the electron dot (Lewis Dot structure) diagram. What does the symbol stand for?
THE SYMBOL STANDS FOR THE NUCLEUS AND ALL OTHER NON-VALENCE ELECTRONS. What do the dots stand for? THE DOTS STAND FOR VALENCE ELECTRONS
What can you assume has happened if an electron moves to a higher energy level?
That energy has been gained
What is the name for Group 7A (17) of the periodic table
The Halogens
What (on the periodic table) is unique for any given element?
The atomic number or number of protons (and electrons)
Which group of gases emit colors when an electric current is applied?
The noble gases KNOW WHAT COLOR EACH GLOWS
What does the electron cloud model describe?
The possible location of electrons
When a physical change in a sample occurs, what does NOT change?
The sample's composition or chemical makeup
Which statement is true about Carbon-12 and Carbon-14-
They are isotopes of carbon
Why are scientific models important?
They let study things that are large or too small to be observed directly
How do scientists who speak different languages communicate?
They use SI
Why do atoms gain or lose electrons?
To become STABLE
A measurement must include both a number and a(an)
UNIT.
What factors affects the pressure of an enclosed gas?
Volume, Temperature and number of particles
What is a chemical change?
When a new substance is formed
Define peer review
When scientists examine the work of other scientists to make sure the data is accurate & honest
Write a balanced chemical equation for the synthesis of NaBr from Na and Br2?
__2_NaBr _2__Na + ___Br2
A material that is malleable and conducts electricity is most likely
a metal
Define/describe a solid a liquid and a gas
a.solid-tightly packed particles that vibrate in place-does not change shape or volume b. liquid-particles can slide past one another-can change shape but not volume c. gas-particles very free can change shape and volume
Light is caused by electrons emitting energy
as they move back to lower energy levels. (like jumping DOWN stairs)
The usefulness of Mendeleev's periodic table was confirmed
by discovering elements Mendeleev predicted would be found
If a materail contains 3 elements joined in a fixed proportion it is a (an)
compound
A sustthat is made up of only one 1 kind of atom is a(an)
element
If you move a substance from one container to another and its volume changes, the substance is a
gas
At room temperature, none of the metals are
gases
Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and aluminum all form ions with positive charges equal to the
group number
A mixture that appears to contain only one substance is a
homogenous mixture-solutions are homogenous mixtures
Name some substances that are viscous
honey, syrup, motor lio
In an atomic model that includes a nucleus, positive charge is
in the center
onization Energies tend to
increase from left to right and bottom to top
As you move from left to right across a period, the number of valence electrons
increases
The tendency of an element to react is closely related to
its number of valence electrons
In Niels Bohr's model of the atom, electrons move
like planets in a solar system
Matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape is a
liquid
Why is water a compound?
made of hydrogen and oxygen in a fixed proportion
What type of element is malleable?
metals
In a periodic table, a set of properties repeats from
row to row
Filtration can be used to separate mixtures based on
size of particles
Define Flammability
substance's ability to burn in the presence of oxygen
A mixture can be classified as a solution suspension, or colloid based on
the size of the particles
In the compound MgCl2, the subscript 2 indicates that
there are 2 Chloride ions for every Magnesium
The formation of an ionic bond involves the
transfer of electrons
A substance has a melting point of 0ºC and a boiling point of 100ºC. The substance is most likely
water