IST 352 ch 1 + 2
T or F? Techniques are comprehensive, multiple-step approaches to systems development that guide an analyst's work and influence the quality of the final product.
FALSE
________ is computer software designed to support organizational functions or processes.
application software
t or f ? Oracle is a software company known for productivity software
f. oracle is known for packaged software.
Computer display and report generators help prototype how systems ________ and ________.
look, feel
Together, SAP and Oracle control about 36 percent of the ________ market. A) ERP B) Cloud computing C) Ad hoc reuse D) In-house development
A
When an organization has the resources and a system must be built from scratch, an organization should choose what type of software? A) In-house development B) Prepackaged software C) Off the shelf D) Open source
A
Which firm is best known for its ERP software solution? A) SAP AG B) Oracle C) Microsoft D) Google
A
Which of the following grew out of the convergence of the increased speed and turbulence of doing business in the late 1980s and early 1990s and the ready availability of high-powered, computer-based tools to support systems development and easy maintenance? A) JAD B) RAD C) Object-oriented programming D) CASE
B
________ solutions integrate individual traditional business functions into a series of modules so that a single transaction occurs seamlessly within a single information system rather than several separate systems. A) Turnkey B) ERP C) IBM D) Consultants
B
What is one action that can happen if a company outsources all of their IT? A) The IT employees can sue. B) The IT employees take on different projects in the company. C) The IT employees are fired. D) The company re-hires the IT employees.
C
) Which of the following companies did Shell NOT outsource any of its operations to? A) EDS B) IBM C) Accenture D) Nokia
D
T or F? Documentation is not considered to be part of the implementation phase.
FALSE. The implementation phase outputs are code, documentation, training procedures, and support capabilities.
List the six sources of software used by organizations.
Software sources can be categorized as information technology firms, packaged software providers, vendors of ERP software, cloud computing, open source, and the organization itself.
T or F? Involving the end user in analysis and design is a key advantage to the prototyping technique
True
t or f? The first administrative information system was developed in the United States by J. Lyons & Sons.
f
t or f? When an organization outsources to a company, the company fires the employees of the original organization.
f
Software designed to support the payroll function would best be classified as: A) application software B) system software C) design software D) analysis software
?
All of the following are true about the SDLC EXCEPT: A) the different phases are clearly defined B) it is a rapid method to prototype and develop an application C) the relationships between phases are well specified D) the sequencing of phases has a compelling logic
B. The standard SDLC was improved upon because it was too slow
) ________ is the software reuse step that involves the design of a reusable piece of software, starting from existing software assets or from scratch. A) Storage B) Facilitated reuse C) Abstraction D) Designed reuse
C
) Fowler recommends using an agile process when your project involves: A) unpredictable or dynamic requirements B) responsible and motivated developers C) customers who understand the process and will get involved D) all of the above
D
Choose the list that represents the top three countries that are used for outsourcing as of 2014. A) India, Asia, and Brazil B) India, China, and Malaysia C) Bulgaria, China, and Mexico D) Mexico, Egypt, and China
B
During which of the following RUP phases will analysts define the scope, determine the feasibility of the project, understand user requirements, and prepare a software development plan? A) transition B) construction C) elaboration D) inception
D
Which of the following is a FALSE statement about reusing software? A) Reuse should increase programmer productivity. B) Reuse should decrease development time. C) Reuse should result in higher-quality software. D) Reuse is always expensive
D
T or F? One of the primary disadvantages of RAD is longer development time.
False, It is much quicker
Which of the following is NOT a common criterion when choosing off-the-shelf software? A) Cost B) Functionality C) Reputation of the firm D) Documentation
C
The three key principles shared by the Agile Methodologies include: A) a focus on predictive methodologies B) a focus on roles C) a focus on self-adaptive processes D) all of the above
C. AGILE
Analysts convert the description of the recommended alternative solution into logical and then physical system specifications during: A) planning B) implementation C) analysis D) design
D
T or F? Today's system analysts only have a few languages to choose from when creating applications.
f
t or f? If a company chooses to not to outsource their information technology, their only other option is to build the systems in-house.
f
Which of the following is a true statement about eXtreme Programming? A) eXtreme Programming's overall philosophy is that code will be integrated into the system it is being developed for and tested within a few hours after it has been written. B) eXtreme Programming minimizes customer involvement during each of its phases. C) eXtreme Programming distinguishes and separates the planning, analysis, design, and construction phases. D) eXtreme Programming uses an approach similar to the traditional SDLC for capturing and presenting system requirements and design specifications.
A
If a company has a generic software need, they should consider acquiring its software from a(n) ________. A) In-house development B) Cloud sourcing C) Packaged software producer D) Using a ERP system
?
Which of the following is NOT a function of vendor support? A) Assistance with choosing software B) Includes assistance to install the software C) Train user and systems staff on the software D) Provide help as problems arise after installation
A
Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of securing applications that an organization is migrating to the cloud? A) Conduct a security background check of the cloud computing organization B) Involve the organization's security experts C) Clearly define requirements D) Perform a risk assessment
A
Which of the following is a function of an IT service firm? A) Run applications for customers B) Support an order entry system C) Rent licenses D) Provide open source software
A
________ is the third phase of the SDLC in which the description of the recommended solution is converted into logical and then physical system specifications.
design
66) ________ refers to how long it takes the software package to respond to the user's request in an interactive session. A) Vendor support B) Flexibility C) Response time D) Ease of installation
C
If an organization is using applications rented from a third party vendor running in a remote location, they are most likely using what type of software system? A) ERP B) Mobile software C) Cloud computing D) SAP
C
Systems development methodologies and techniques based on objects rather than data or processes best defines: A) objects B) participatory design C) object-oriented analysis and design D) entity analysis and design
C
The phase of the SDLC in which an information system is systematically repaired and improved is referred to as: A) analysis B) implementation C) maintenance D) physical repair
C
Which of the following are deliverables for the analysis phase? A) functional, detailed specifications of all system elements B) priorities for systems and projects; an architecture for data, networks, and selection hardware, and IS management are the result of associated systems C) description of current system and where problems and opportunities are with a general recommendation on how to fix, enhance, or replace current system D) code, documentation, training procedures, and support capabilities
C
Which of the following is based on an iterative, incremental approach to systems development and has inception, elaboration, construction, and transition phases? A) JAD B) RAD C) RUP D) eXtreme Programming
C
Why is open source software different than the other types of software? A) Companies make money by offering maintenance contracts B) It is available via the Internet C) The source code is free D) Only major corporations offer it
C
A specialized systems development life cycle is useful for : A) all organizations B) an organization that does not need all phases of the systems development life cycle or needs to modify phases C) an organization that needs only one phase of the SDLC D) none of the above
B
The second phase of the SDLC in which system requirements are studied and structured best defines: A) planning B) analysis C) design D) implementation
B
Which of the following RUP phases involves correcting problems, beta testing, user training, and conversion of the project? A) elaboration B) transition C) inception D) construction
B
Which of the following are true statements regarding today's analysis and design of information systems? A) More and more systems implementation involves a three-tier design. B) There is a movement to wireless system components. C) There is a continued focus on developing systems for the Internet and for firms' intranets and extranets. D) All of the above.
D
Which of the following is a reason why an organization might get rid of its entire information processing unit? A) To hire better IT staff B) Because the old system does not work anymore C) Because management does not like the IT department D) Because of political reasons
D
Which of the following is a true statement regarding logical design? A) Logical design is tied to a specific hardware and software platform. B) Logical design does not concentrate on the business aspects of the system. C) Technical specifications are developed. D) All functional features of the system chosen for development in analysis are described independently of any computer platform.
D
Which of the following is a true statement regarding the SDLC phases? A) The life cycle is a sequentially ordered set of phases. B) It is not possible to complete some activities in one phase in parallel with those of another phase. C) The SDLC is not iterative. D) The life cycle can be thought of as a circular process in which the end of the useful life of one system leads to the beginning of another project to develop a new version of or replace an existing system.
D
Which of the following issues should be addressed when considering reuse? A) The current lack of a methodology for creating and clearly defining and labeling reusable components for placement in a library B) The lack of commitment to reuse C) Lack of proper training and rewards needed to promote reuse D) The analyst's ability in using objects
D
Which of the following software evaluation criteria refers to the ease with which you or the vendor can customize the software? A) Vendor support B) Documentation C) Response time D) Flexibility
D
Which type of CASE tool is used for the analysis phase of the SDLC? A) Documentation generators B) Form generators C) Report generators D) Diagramming
D
What is cloud computing? What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a cloud?
Cloud computing provides a means for applications to be hosted and run for other companies by a provider. Advantages include less need for internal information technology staff, gaining access to applications faster than internal development, and achieving lower-cost access to corporate-quality applications. Some concerns are reliability, security and compliance with government regulations.
T or F? The Agile Methodologies promote a self-reflective software development process.
False. Developers much reflect on software manually and respond to change
T or F? Proponents of the Agile Methodology state that techniques that work well for stable projects, such as building a bridge, work well for software projects.
False. The Agile Methodologies group argues that software development methodologies adapted from engineering generally do not fit with real-world software development. Agile methodologies are used when a project has unpredictable or dynamic requirements.
T or F? The systems development environment in the late 1990s focused on systems integration.
FALSE. It focused on focus on system integration, GUI applications, client/server platforms, Internet
T or F? The ready availability of increasingly powerful software tools created to support RAD decreased interest in this approach.
FALSE. It increased it
T or F? ) eXtreme Programming always involves developers working by themselves.
FALSE. It involves teams of 2
T or F? The systems development life cycle is a sequentially ordered set of phases.
FALSE. It is a cycle, so there it continues in a loop
True or False? The analysis and design of information systems is driven from a technical perspective.
FALSE. It is driven by tools, techniques, and methodologies
T or F? Joint Application Development is a systems development methodology created to radically decrease the time needed to design and implement information systems.
FALSE. Rapid Application Development did this
T or F? A criticism of the traditional SDLC is that the role of system users or customers is too broadly defined.
FALSE. The traditional SDLC gives users and customers a small role. User involvement is only in requirements phase of waterfall approach
T or F?Documentation and training programs are finalized during the physical design phase.
FALSE. These occur after the design is complete.
T or F? The second subphase in systems analysis is to investigate the system and determine the proposed system's scope.
FALSE. This all occured during planning
T or F? A knowledge engineer is the organizational role most responsible for the analysis and design of information systems.
FALSE. a systems analyst is responsible for this
T or F? eXtreme Programming is not one of the Agile Methodologies.
FALSE. it is agile because it it small teams of 2 with dynamic development
T or F? The object-oriented approach combines data and processes into single entities called objects.
True
T or F? The traditional waterfall SDLC narrowly defines the end user or customer's role.
True
A logical grouping of objects that have the same attributes and behaviors best defines: A) attribute B) module C) object class D) object
C
An integrated and standard database used in CASE to provide product and tool integration is called a: A) Transaction Processing System B) Data Mart C) Repository D) Armory
C
Intuit's QuickBooks is an example of what type of software? A) ERP software B) In-house software C) Pre-packaged software D) Open source software
C
t or f? Managed reuse is a less expensive method of managing software reuse.
f. It is more expensive, but the benefits are greater. designed reuse is the most expensive, then managed is a little less, while facilitated is the lowest.
A document provided to vendors that asks them to propose hardware and system software that will meet the requirements of a new system is called a ________. A) Requirements request B) Request for information C) Request for proposal D) Viability report
c
________ are software tools that provide automated support for some portion of the systems development process.
computer aided software engineering tools
Agile Methodologies are recommended for a project if it has responsible and motivated ________.
developers
________ is the final phase of the SDLC in which an information system is systematically repaired and improved.
maintenance
________ is the part of the design phase of the SDLC in which the logical specifications of the system from logical design are transformed into technology-specific details from which all programming and system construction can be accomplished.
physical design
________ is the first phase of the SDLC in which an organization's total information system needs are identified, analyzed, prioritized, and arranged.
planning
) One of the advantages of eXtreme programming is higher levels of ________.
productivity
________ is an approach to develop information systems that promises better and cheaper systems as well as rapid deployment.
rapid application development
The traditional waterfall life cycle locked users into ________ that had been previously determined.
requirements
A ________ is a standard process followed in an organization to conduct all the steps necessary to analyze, design, implement, and maintain information systems.
systems development methodology
t or f? Amazon.com is a leader in cloud computing services.
t
t or f? Microsoft is the best known software company in the world.
t
t or f? The city of Grand Rapids Michigan outsourced its computing center in order to better manage its employees.
t
t or f? SAP provides ERP systems.
t it is the leading vendor!
Why would an analyst need to have an awareness of outsourcing as an alternative to handling IT services in-house?
Analysts need to be aware of outsourcing as an alternative. When generating alternative system development strategies for a system, an analyst should consult with organizations in the area that provide outsourcing services. Perhaps outsourcing the replacement system should be one of your alternatives. Knowing what your system requirements are before you consider outsourcing means that you can carefully assess how well the suppliers of outsourcing services can respond to your needs. However, should you decide not to consider outsourcing, you need to determine whether some software components of your replacement system should be purchased and not built in-house.
All of the following are ways of validating purchased software information, except ________. A) Reviewing software documentation and technical marketing literature B) Sending prospective vendors a questionnaire asking specific questions about their packages C) Using the software yourself and running it through a series of tests based on the criteria for selecting software D) Asking the manufacturer if they feel their software is best
D
What are enterprise resource planning systems? How do they differ from traditional approaches? Identify three enterprise resource planning system vendors.
Enterprise resource planning systems integrate individual traditional business functions into a series of modules so that a single transaction occurs seamlessly within a single information system rather than several separate systems. ERP modules focus on business processes rather than on business functional areas. SAP AG, Oracle, and PeopleSoft, Inc. are three ERP vendors.
T or F? Often the choices of language, database, and platform are already decided by the organization or by the client, and these information technologies must be taken into account in the physical design of the system.
FALSE
T or F? CASE Analysis tools help to prototype how systems will look and feel.
FALSE Computer displays and report generators help prototype how systems "look and feel".
T or F? Current practice keeps all phases of the SDLC as discrete activities.
FALSE. Current practice combines analysis, design, and implementation into a single iterative and parallel process of activities
T or F? During the analysis phase, someone identifies the need for a new or enhanced system.
FALSE. During the planning stage an organization's total information system needs are identified, analyzed, prioritized, and arranged. during the analysis phase system requirements are studied and structured
Identify and briefly describe the four RUP phases.
Inception, elaboration, construction, and transition are the four RUP phases. During the inception phase, analysts define the scope, determine the feasibility of the project, understand user requirements, and prepare a software development plan. During the elaboration phase, analysts detail user requirements and develop a baseline architecture. During the construction phase, the software is coded, tested, and documented. During the transition phase, the system is deployed and the users are trained and supported.
How can a company validate purchased software information?
Information about the software can be obtained from the vendor in the form of marketing literature, an RFP, and software documentation. The company can use and test the software on a trial basis; speak with current users of the software, and use independent software testing and abstracting services.
Identify the products of the SDLC phases.
Products for the planning phase include priorities for systems and projects; an architecture for data, networks, and selection hardware, and IS management are the result of associated systems; detailed steps, or work plan, for the project; specification of system scope and high-level system requirements or features; assignment of team members and other resources; and the system justification or business case. The products for the analysis phase include a description of the current system and where problems or opportunities are with a general recommendation on how to fix, enhance, or replace the current system; and an explanation of alternative systems and justification. The design phase provides functional detailed specifications of all system elements and technical, detailed specifications of all systems elements; and an acquisition plan for new technology. Implementation provides code, documentation, training procedures, and support capabilities. Maintenance products include new versions or releases of software with associated updates to documentation, training, and support.
T or F? Every medium to large corporation and every custom software producer will have its own specific life cycle or systems development methodology in place
TRUE
T or F? The amount of time and effort devoted to maintenance depends a great deal on the performance of the previous phases of the life cycle.
TRUE
T or F? Mexico is often seen as a common alternative to India for outsourcing.
T
T or F? The goal of OOAD is to make system elements more reusable.
T
T or F? ) Maintenance is the final phase of the SDLC in which an information system is systematically repaired and improved.
TRUE
T or F? A systems development methodology is a standard process followed in an organization to conduct all the steps necessary to analyze, design, implement, and maintain information systems
TRUE
T or F? An important result of systems analysis and design is application software
TRUE
T or F? CASE refers to software tools that provide automated support for some portion of the systems development process.
TRUE
T or F? During physical design, the logical specifications of the system from the logical design are transformed into technology-specific details from which all programming and system construction can be accomplished.
TRUE
What is meant by Agile Methodologies? Identify the three key principles that the Agile Methodologies share.
The Agile Methodologies are a response to the problems associated with the traditional SDLC methodology. The three key principles are a focus on adaptive rather than predictive methodologies, a focus on people rather than roles, and a focus on a self-adaptive process
List development specializations and provide an example of the leading software firms for the specialty.
The leading software firms and their specialties include: IT Services (Accenture, CSC, IBM, HP); Packaged software providers (Intuit, Microsoft, Oracle, SAP AG, Symantec); Enterprise Software Solutions (Oracle, SAP AG); Cloud Computing (Amazon.com, Google, IBM, Microsoft, salesforce.com); Open source (sourceforge.net).
List and define the five major SDLC phases.
The major SDLC phases include planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. Planning is the first phase of the SDLC in which an organization's total information system needs are identified, analyzed, prioritized, and arranged. Analysis is the second phase of the SDLC in which system requirements are studied and structured. During the third phase, the design phase, a description of the recommended solution is converted into logical and then physical system specifications. Implementation is the fourth phase of the SDLC in which the information system is coded, tested, installed, and supported in the organization. Maintenance is the fifth and final phase of the SDLC in which an information system is systematically repaired and improved.
Identify the most common criteria for choosing off-the-shelf software. Which two criteria would be among the most important?
The most common criteria are cost, functionality, vendor support, vendor viability, flexibility, documentation, response time, and ease of installation. Cost involves comparing the cost of developing the same system in-house to the cost of purchasing or licensing the software package. Functionality refers to the tasks the software can perform and the mandatory, essential, and desired system features. While vendor support identifies the amount of support the vendor can be expected to provide, vendor viability examines the vendor's marketplace strength. Flexibility refers to the flexibility of customizing the software. The documentation criterion examines issues relating to the user's manual, technical documentation, and cost of acquiring additional copies of the documentation. Response time questions the length of time it takes the software package to respond to the user's requests in an interactive session and how long it takes the software to complete running a job. The ease of installation criterion examines the difficulty of loading the software and making it operational. Vendor support and viability will be among the most important.
) ________ is the software reuse step that involves making the reusable asset understandable to developers who want to use it in their systems. A) Recontextualization B) Storage C) Object class D) Component reuse library
a
The person in an organization who has the primary responsibility for systems analysis and design is the: A) systems analyst B) end user C) internal auditor D) business manager
a
Which of the following is a company that provides independent software testing subscription services? A) Auerbach Publishers B) IBM C) Google D) SAP
a
The Agile Methodologies focus on ________ rather than predictive methodologies.
adaptive
Comprehensive, multiple-step approaches to systems development that will guide your work and influence the quality of your final product defines: A) techniques B) tools C) methodologies D) data flows
c. Methodologies. Methodology encompasses all steps in a system.
) During the ________ phase of RUP, analysts detail user requirements and develop a baseline architecture.
elaboration
t or f? The transition phase of RUP involves only coding of the project.
f. That is the construction phase
t or f? Destruction is the third phase of RUP.
f. The phases are inception, elaboration, CONSTRUCTION, transition
t or f? Due to security concerns, cloud computing has experienced decreased growth in recent years
f. it is growing heavily despite security concerns
An ________ is a structure that encapsulates attributes and methods that operate on those attributes.
object
An ________ is a logical grouping of objects that have the same (or similar) attributes and behaviors (methods).
object class
