ISTM 210 - The Best Quizlet for Exam 1

0100 0001

A in the computer =

process

A job or task a computer performs is called a

Motherboard

The primary "circuit board" that is a complex array of electronics that connect and help different components of the computer communicate with one another

Word Processor

To create, compose, edit, format and print documents.

Accelerated graphics port

Type of bus line AGP

Peripheral component interconnect

Type of busline, PCI

Defrag

A utility that organizes positive and negative charges to the innermost tracks of a disk that reduce the amount of time it takes the read/write arm to save or erase data and information

Critical thinking

A way of thinking that involves analysis and evaluation and includes considering all possible outcomes in order to form a solid decision.

Boolean expressions

Evaluate if something is true or false

1024 Petabytes

Exabyte

Disk storage

Refers to non-volatile, secondary storage on a physical device like a hard drive or optical disk with a read/write apparatus.

Fedex

First company that allowed users to track their packages?

Reuters used homing pigeons (1840s)

How did Paul Reuters acquire information about the European market?

One is for payroll - will be updated to a cloud next spring. Two is in Dallas - is for backup and recovery.

How many mainframe computers does TAMU have?

Grace- 17-18 months Lucy- newborn, born Sunday, September 3 2017

How old are her grandchildren?

CPU

Interprets program instructions and processes data by performing arithmetic and logical operations. It is what gives a microcomputer the ability to be programmed.

A circuit board

Is a logical and economical way to replace loose wiring by applying copper wires directly to a sheet of non-conductive plastic

Microprocessor

Is plugged directly into a slot on the motherboard and serves as the brains for the microcomputer.

The cloud

It is essentially using a hard drive that resides on the Internet. As Internet speeds increase, it is now feasible to store information at a host, like DropBox, iCloud, Microsoft Azure, Google, and Amazon.

Moore's Law

One of the founding fathers of Intel, made an astounding observation in 1965 that states that computing power doubles every eighteen months

Memory management

Operating systems coordinate a computer's memory which includes cache, random access memory (RAM), registers, and virtual memory.

Corel WordPerfect

Originally developed back in 1989 at Brigham Young University for Data General Minicomputers and enjoyed early success when it was adapted for other operating systems like Windows

End-Users

People that use computers

Application software

Performs particular tasks users need like creating a budget for accounting or supply chain, creating a resume, or making a professional presentation for a business proposal.

1024 Terabytes

Petabyte

Hardware

Physical part of the computer

Virtual memory

Seemingly an endless supply of memory the operating system provides by coordinating, tracking, and efficiently allocating the use of the CPU cache, registers, RAM, and disk storage.

secondary storage

can be described as the location where users store work when it is not presently needed - non volatile - somewhat slower

Primary storage

can be thought of as what a user is currently working on

A GUI

a presentation on a computer monitor that allows the user to interact with a computer and the devices connected to it. Many have icons and other visual indicators, like menus, that launch programs like PowerPoint, load documents, and perform many other requests from a user without requiring the user to issue programming commands. They can be configured and personalized to suit a user's needs in an infinite variety of ways.

defragmentation

a program that reorganizes the hard disk. Files and folders still reside in the same place, but with the "clutter" removed, thereby allowing the disk to perform more efficiently.

hyperlinks

clickable navigation elements that let the user navigate from one web page to another

Floppy Disk (non-volatile)

a very thin flexible magnetic storage disk that rotates inside a square plastic shell. They are read and written by a _______ drive. Although they are still in use today, their market share is waning. Most computer systems sold no longer accept floppy drives. Capacity: 1.44 Mg.

File management

a way to store and organize files to the memory of a computer

RAM

allows data and information to be accessed in any order without physical movement of the chipset - extremely fast. Volatile.

Device Driver

allows the OS to communicate with peripheral hardware. For instance, when a document is printed, data is sent to the printer from the operating system by employing a specific driver.

EPEAT

an easy-to-use online tool that helps large institutions purchase, select, and compare computer desktops, laptops, and monitors based on their environmental attributes.

Magnetic tape (non-volatile, sequential access)

an old data storage media packaged on reel-to-reel cartridges like cassette tapes. Data and information are accessed sequentially giving magnetic tape very slow access, but very inexpensive. It is still used extensively for mainframe computing and for backing up large amounts of data. Capacity: Unlimited

CD

an optical disc used to store digital data. Capacity: 600 MB - 1 GB

RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)

architecture chips are designed for efficiency and were the first 64 bit processors.

File explorer

control E

BIOS

firmware programming embedded on a computer chip, meaning that the computer runs the same program every time it's turned on.

Database software or, Database Management System Software ( DBMS)

Used to create a collection of related files called tables that consist of records (rows) of data separated by fields (columns) that can be queried to produce populations of information. The data retrieved by these queries becomes information that can be used to make business decisions.

Tom & Sam

What are her son's names?

Gracie and Lucy

What are the names of her granddaughters?

Look at all outcomes, then come to a decision.

What do critical thinkers do?

First adopter

What is another word for "leader"?

The telegraph, invented in 1837. Western Union closed last office in 2006

What was the first gadget to connect the world and when was it invented?

RAID

are a series of stacked, spinning hard disk platters connected to one another that divide and replicate data and information to provide more reliable storage. A microcomputer or network works together with it as if it were a singular hard disk, so it retains its fast access time that makes it an ideal choice for large organizations and Internet providers at a relatively inexpensive cost. Capacity: Unlimited

Menus

are represented by keywords that provide a list of instructions or options to operate the application software

Blu-Ray Disc (BD)

a high-density optical disc for storing digital media like high-definition videos. It is in direct competition with DVD. Although it holds almost twice as much data as a DVD, an HD-DVD (High Definition DVD) has superior image quality. Eventually, the market will determine who will prevail. Capacity: 25 GB - 30 GB

best practice

a management process, technique, or method that is most effective at arriving at a desired outcome or better outcome than any other process, technique, or method

Image Scanners

often called optical scanners, are devices that analyze, convert, and translate images, printed text, or handwriting to a digital format a system unit can recognize and store. Some scanners are configured like printers and are called flatbed scanners, while others are handheld.

ROM chips

preprogrammed, require no user intervention, and serve to perform specialized internal tasks like starting the computer. Since the programming on these chips is unchangeable, they are sometimes called firmware.

RAM

primary storage. It is a type of storage that allows stored data to be accessed in any (random) order without physical movement of the storage media. It is considered volatile memory because its contents will be lost if not saved to a non-volatile device like a hard drive

backup utility

program that copies data from a computer's hard drive to a backup device

warm boot

restarting a computer that is already running is called a

CPU Cache (CPU- central processing unit)

small, very quick memory because it stores copies of information and data from the most regularly used parts of main memory. Helps decrease the time it takes to access memory. For instance, if your computer notices that you are a frequent Adobe Photoshop user, it will begin to store common parts of Photoshop in it so that it loads faster when it's turned on.

Information Technology

the study, design, development, implementation, support, and management of computer-based information systems, particularly software and hardware.

Bus lines are the pathways (the "roads" in our analogy)

transfer data and power between components inside of a computer and sometimes between computers themselves. They are controlled by software that enables them to connect peripheral devices like computer cards and printers.

computer network

two or more computers connected together for resource sharing and communication.

Universal serial bus

type of bus line, USB

PSU

typically converts 100-120 volts or 220-240 volts of alternating current (AC) to a lower voltage direct current (DC) that can be used by the internal components of the system unit. 100-120 AC current is used in North America and Japan, whereas 220-240 AC current is used in Europe, Australia, and other parts of Asia.

Important quote from class:

"Virtual memory is more of a technique than memory. **If you need something at a particular memory address, and it is not in RAM, go get that page from secondary memory. If RAM is full, algorithms will move out that which is "least recently used."**

Midrange computers

(sometimes called minicomputers) are less powerful and smaller in physical size than mainframe computers, but do many of the same things, simply on a smaller scale

Software suites

A collection of business computer application programs of associated functionality that share a common graphical user interface (GUI) and have the capacity to smoothly exchange data across the programs

Software

A collection of computer programs that accomplish a specific task.

Operating system

A collection of computer programs that work together to manage hardware and software to ensure that they are working properly. It is the groundwork for all system software and performs jobs like allocating memory, administering input and output, and file management.

peripheral devices

A device that can be plugged into computer systems units can be categorized as either an input device or an output device

Case Study

A large Property Management Company (PMC) with 2,000 properties nationwide has a legal department that sends (via FedEx) contracts to each property printed in Microsoft Word. The properties receive the contract, make appropriate changes, and FedEx them back. Annual cost to the PMC is 2 million in FedEx charges and employees. A young college graduate suggests switching from Microsoft Word to Adobe Acrobat (PDF) and saving them on a Cloud Drive Server. What are the benefits? What about PMC employees?

Clock rate

A microcomputer's speed is measured by ________ which is defined as the number of cycles per second, that a computer can perform its most basic tasks. This is measured in gigahertz.

The box or Chassis

Another word for microcomputer

Process

Any task a computer performs

IBM

Big Blue

greenhouse effect

Burning fossil fuels creates carbon dioxide (CO2) that builds up and slows the escape of heat into space, thereby creating a ____________

8 bits

Byte

Unicode

Code used for many languages

Amdahl?

Computer company in the 70s. TAMU was Amdahl's 3rd customer. Orange covers painted maroon.

cut

Control x

Output

Data and information that exits a computer system and is translated for human comprehension. Takes many forms, such as printed document, an image on a screen, or music playing from speakers

The best way to do something

Define best practice

How to build or buy it

Define design

Whole setting it up

Define implementation.

Manage all parts and people

Define management

What do we need

Define study

Keep it going

Define support

Resolution

Defined by the amount of pixels inside a defined dimension on a monitor, commonly referred to as dots per inch (dpi).

Spreadsheet

Electronic grid of columns and rows typically used to create, model, and manipulate numerical and often, financial information. Can do a what-if analysis

One-to-many relationship

Once the " Customer" and " Transaction" tables are linked

1024 megabytes

Gigabyte

Firewire

High performance serial bus

desktop

In a graphical user interface, the background displayed on the monitor is considered the

Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERPs)

Incorporate all data and processes of a business into one integrated system. Main feature of ERP system is a SINGLE database. SAP was the first company to offer an ERP system. German company.

1024 Bytes

Kilobyte

Presentation software

Like Microsoft PowerPoint is used to present information in a slideshow format.

Mainframe computers

Massive, room-sized computers that process and store enormous amounts of bulk data and information. Typically used by very large organizations like credit card processers who employ them for transaction processing and vital applications

1024 Kilobytes

Megabyte

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)

Most microcomputers use the ______ coding scheme to represent bytes.

Acrobat

Not a free program. Does more than Acrobat Reader. Allows you to edit and produce documents, build in activity, and allows digital signatures.

cold boot

Powering up a computer for the first time is called a

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA)

Programming language for Microsoft Excel

Microcomputers

Smaller than mainframes and midrange computers and are so common that they are most commonly referred to simply as " computers" and sometimes just referred to as " boxes". They are the least powerful computers in terms of processing and come in four typical configurations: a desktop, laptop, tablet, and handheld.

expansion card

Specialized circuit board that can be plugged into a motherboard's expansion slot to add further functionality to a computer, like networking and connectivity. Some allow a computer to serve as a television while others can enhance a computer's audio ability

1024 Gigabytes

Terabyte

window

The ________ is a graphical user interface unto its own that outputs information and instructions so the application software residing within the _______ can be employed effectively.

Competency

The knowledge that enables a person to understand something, in this case, a computing system and its relationship to business

The system unit

The main body of a computer that contains a motherboard. Assorted computer components like power supplies, cooling fans, disk drives, primary memory, secondary memory, expansion cards, and much more are plugged into the motherboard

Business computer hardware

The tangible or physical aspect of a computer like circuit boards, chipsets, and keyboards. It rarely changes during the life of a computer, but certain components can be added to enhance the computer's power and usability.

1024 Zettabytes

Yottabyte

Adobe Acrobat

Very powerful word processor that allows a user to create, edit, format, and print portable document format files ( PDF files ). PDFs (.pdf files) can be accessed on virtually any platform (operating system)

1024 Exabytes

Zettabyte

Bill Gates and Paul Allen

_____ and ______ sold IBM a PC operating system called MS-DOS ( Microsoft Disk Operating System 'MS-DOS', the precursor to Windows) for a one-time fee of $50,000. IBM, in turn, distributed their MS-DOS PCs worldwide.

Machine language

a binary system of ones and zeros representing patterns of bits that represent instructions that a computer's central processing unit (CPU) is able to understand

Embedded Operating Systems

a computing system or device that performs a dedicated function - example is iPhone

Track

a concentric circular band around the disk that is divided in to pie shaped wedges called sectors. More than one sector comprises a cluster.

TCP/IP

a set of rules for transferring information from one computer to another, not unlike traffic lights that ensure safety on city streets. It does this electronically by breaking up files into packets and passing them from one computer to another

icon

a small pictogram on the desktop that the user clicks with a mouse

Hard disk

a storage device that stores data on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces. Many are internal within the computer's chassis and cannot be removed. Externals reside outside of the computer and are connected via USB or Firewire, and they are a viable alternative for backups and extra storage, because of their portability. Capacity: 40 GB to 50 Terabytes.

Disaster Recovery Plans (DRPs)

critical plans that need to be in place to anticipate disasters and to outline what needs to be done when they occur.

Input

data and information that enters a computer system and is subsequently translated for processing. The data or information can be as simple as typing a résumé with a keyboard or scanning a photograph with a flatbed scanning device.

Plug and Play

designed to allow a device to automatically work when it is plugged into a computer system unit, which has not always been the case - most pop are USB and FireWire

FAT

directs the read/write arm of the hard drive to where data exists and accesses it upon the user's request.

Registers

extremely fast, small memory locations used to quicken the implementation of computer programs by providing access to commonly used calculated values.

DVD

is an optical disc like a CD that can be used for data storage, but more typically used to deliver high-definition movies and sound. They resemble Compact discs, but they are encoded in a different format for higher density and are therefore more desirable for movie formats. Capacity: 15 GB - 30 GB

Browser

is user interface software that allows the user to display web pages found on the World Wide Web.

Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code

mainframes use this code

Virtual memory

memory the operating system uses to coordinate, track, and efficiently allocate the use of CPU cache, registers, RAM, and disk storage. It is a technique that lets application programs like a spreadsheet use fragmented pieces of memory, making it easier for large applications to use physical memory.

RFID reader

tags that are an input mechanism that can be used to label a product for identification and have the product's information transmitted through radio waves. Some tags can be read from several meters away and beyond the line of sight of the reader.

Flash Memory / USB Flash Thumb Drive

technology that is primarily used in memory cards for digital cameras and thumb drives. Is solid state, (no moving parts) and is typically used for general storage that is connected to a computer system with USB. Because of its very small size and low cost, it is ideal for transferring or backing up small amounts of data. Capacity: 256 MG - 2 Terabytes.