ITN Chapter 3

4 A web client is sending a request for a webpage to a web server. From the perspective of the client, what is the correct order of the protocol stack that is used to prepare the request for transmission? HTTP, IP, TCP, Ethernet HTTP, TCP, IP, Ethernet Ethernet, TCP, IP, HTTP Ethernet, IP, TCP, HTTP

HTTP, TCP, IP, Ethernet 1. HTTP governs the way that a web server and client interact. 2. TCP manages individual conversations between web servers and clients. 3. IP is responsible for delivery across the best path to the destination. 4. Ethernet takes the packet from IP and formats it for transmission.

7 What is an advantage of using standards to develop and implement protocols? Different manufacturers are free to apply different requirements when implementing a protocol. A particular protocol can only be implemented by one manufacturer. Products from different manufacturers can interoperate successfully. Standards provide flexibility for manufacturers to create devices that comply with unique requirements.

Products from different manufacturers can interoperate successfully. Standards-based protocols enable products from different manufacturers to interoperate successfully. Standards-based protocols enable many manufacturers to implement that protocol. If different manufacturers implement different requirements within the same protocol, then their products will not be interoperable.

6 Which statement is true about the TCP/IP and OSI models?​ The OSI Layer 7 and the TCP/IP application layer provide identical functions. The TCP/IP network access layer has similar functions to the OSI network layer.​ The first three OSI layers describe general services that are also provided by the TCP/IP internet layer.​ The TCP/IP transport layer and OSI Layer 4 provide similar services and functions.​

The TCP/IP transport layer and OSI Layer 4 provide similar services and functions.​ The TCP/IP internet layer provides the same function as the OSI network layer. The transport layer of both the TCP/IP and OSI models provides the same function. The TCP/IP application layer includes the same functions as OSI Layers 5, 6, and 7.

17 Which address does a NIC use when deciding whether to accept a frame? destination MAC address destination IP address source IP address source MAC address source Ethernet address

destination MAC address

15 Which PDU is processed when a host computer is de-encapsulating a message at the transport layer of the TCP/IP model? segment frame bits packet

segment At the transport layer, a host computer will de-encapsulate a segment to reassemble data to an acceptable format by the application layer protocol of the TCP/IP model.

19 Which characteristic describes the default gateway of a host computer? the physical address of the switch interface connected to the host computer the physical address of the router interface on the same network as the host computer the logical address assigned to the switch interface connected to the router the logical address of the router interface on the same network as the host computer

the logical address of the router interface on the same network as the host computer The default gateway is the IP address of an interface on the router on the same network as the sending host.

8 What three application layer protocols are part of the TCP/IP protocol suite? (Choose three.) NAT DNS DHCP PPP ARP FTP

DNS DHCP FTP DNS, DHCP, and FTP are all application layer protocols in the TCP/IP protocol suite. ARP and PPP are network access layer protocols, and NAT is an internet layer protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite.

18 What will happen if the default gateway address is incorrectly configured on a host? The host cannot communicate with other hosts in the local network. The switch will not forward packets initiated by the host. The host will have to use ARP to determine the correct address of the default gateway. The host cannot communicate with hosts in other networks. A ping from the host to 127.0.0.1 would not be successful.

The host cannot communicate with hosts in other networks. When a host needs to send a message to another host located on the same network, it can forward the message directly. However, when a host needs to send a message to a remote network, it must use the router, also known as the default gateway. This is because the data link frame address of the remote destination host cannot be used directly. Instead, the IP packet has to be sent to the router (default gateway) and the router will forward the packet toward its destination. Therefore, if the default gateway is incorrectly configured, the host can communicate with other hosts on the same network, but not with hosts on remote networks.

12 Which three layers of the OSI model are comparable in function to the application layer of the TCP/IP model? (Choose three.) application data link physical network session presentation transport

application session presentation The TCP/IP model consists of four layers: application, transport, internet, and network access. The OSI model consists of seven layers: application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical. The top three layers of the OSI model: application, presentation, and session map to the application layer of the TCP/IP model.

1 What method can be used by two computers to ensure that packets are not dropped because too much data is being sent too quickly? flow control encapsulation access method response timeout

flow control In order for two computers to be able to communicate effectively, there must be a mechanism that allows both the source and destination to set the timing of the transmission and receipt of data. Flow control allows for this by ensuring that data is not sent too fast for it to be received properly.

14 Which PDU format is used when bits are received from the network medium by the NIC of a host? packet frame segment file

frame When received at the physical layer of a host, the bits are formatted into a frame at the data link layer. A packet is the PDU at the network layer. A segment is the PDU at the transport layer. A file is a data structure that may be used at the application layer.