JB trauma
When establishing in IV in a trauma patient, warm fluids at which temperature should be administered, if available?
102 degrees F
A minimum of how many trained responders are needed to physically restrain a patient?
5
After managing an internal hemorrhage, it is important to monitor and record vital signs at least every:
5 minutes
Arterial bleeding may require how many minutes or more of direct pressure to form a clot?
5 minutes
When a patient's consciousness is affected, they may present with which of the following psychiatric signs and symptoms?
Delirium
Which of the following factors influences the severity of a stab wound?
The anatomic area involved
The progression of a chemical brin is mostly dependent on:
The length of time the corrosive chemical remains of the skin.
Infants and children who experience hemorrhaging may have a normal blood pressure until they have lost what percentage of their blood volume?
50%
Upon assessing a patient who accidentally shot themselves with a nail gun, you see that the nail is still lodged in their foot. What is your priority when transporting the patient?
Immobilize the extremity with a splint to prevent motion
When forming a general impression of a soft-tissue injury, you should note which of the following before assessing the patient's airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure?
Life-threatening external bleeding
Which of the following psychiatric medications used to restrain a patient has reliable IM absorption?
Lorazepam
The initial stage of hemorrhagic shock is characterized by which of the following signs or symptoms?
Low circulating blood volume with minimal signs of hypoperfusion
A 42 year old female patient presents with burns involving their hands, feet, and face. Upon assessing the burns, you note that full-thickness burns cover about 12% and partial-thickness burns cover about 26% of TBSA. The burns would be classified as:
Major
Which of the following dressings should be used to treat an open injury to the neck?
Occlusive dressing
Trauma patients with which type of injuries are most likely to have injuries incompatible with life
Open skull injuries
Which of the following is a side effect of MAOI antidepressants?
Orthostatic hypotension
When conducting a mental status exam, what question could you ask to assess the patient's level of orientation?
What is today's date?
When a child, older adult, or person with disabilities presents with scald and contact burns, you should suspect
abuse
When a patient has multiple open wounds to an extremity, you should consider the use of which of the following to allow for constant pressure over a large areas that may not be possible of using hands alone?
air splint
A patient whose clothing caught on fire is mostly likely to experience
flame burns
Burn shock is caused by:
fluid loss across damaged skin and volume shifts within the rest of the body.
A patient who is confused:
has an impaired understanding of his or her surroundings.
The most significant immediate threat to a patient with a soft-tissue injury is:
hemorrhage
Your assessment of every patient with depression must include an evaluation for:
suicide risk
The use of wet dressings in the field is usually limited to:
superficial burns
According to the American College of Surgeons, and injured patient should be transported to a Level 1 trauma center if their:
systolic blood pressure is less than 90 mm Hg
A patient talks frantically about cleaning the bathroom and then suddenly shifts to talking about their grocery list. This is an example of:
tangential thinking
During the process of wound healing, hemostasis:
temporarily stops bleeding via vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation.
During an explosion, secondary blast injuries occur when:
the patient is struck by flying debris, such as shrapnel
A 28 year old male patient experienced partial-thickness chemical burns from battery acid. During your assessment, you should assess for which of the following injuries?
Coagulation necrosis
When a recently burned patient comes before you, your first action should be to:
extinguish any flames
Decompensated shock in the adult is characterized by:
falling blood pressure
The skin is also referred to as the:
integument
Class 2 hypovolemic shock caused by hemorrhagic trauma would be characterized by which amount of blood loss from a patient who weighs 154 pounds?
15 to 30%
How long should ice be applied to an injury to help decrease the extent of swelling and sped up the rehabilitation time for the injury?
20 minutes on and 20 minutes off
To avoid exsanguination from severe hemorrhaging of an extremity injury below the axilla or groin, a tourniquet should be applied in less than:
20 seconds
When packing a wound, you should hold firm, direct manual pressure on the wound for at least:
3 minutes
When preparing to interview a patient who is emotionally disturbed, you should sit down preferably at which angle from the patient?
45 degrees
A trauma patient has a GCS of 10, a systolic blood pressure of 100 mm HD, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min. What is their revised trauma score?
9
Children who have outgrown a car seat but a too small to be restrained by seat belts designed for adults are at risk for which type of injury?
Abdominal
When assessing a patient with psychosis, you are more likely to notice which of the following symptoms?
Accelerated activity
Which of the following types of shock is caused by poor blood vessel function
Anaphylactic
Which of the following statements regarding prehospital vascular access and fluid therapy in the severely burned patient is correct
At least one large bore IV should be started while en route to the hospital
Which of the following drugs would most likely be the safest to use for a patient with aggressive and dangerous behavior secondary to methamphetamine use?
Ativan
Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you notice the vehicle has a deformed front end and cracked windshield. The patient's head and face are bruised and heavily lacerated. Based on these findings, which of the following injuries would you expect?
Cervical spine injury
A patient exhibiting signs of shock has a markedly elevated respiratory rate, cold and pale skin, diminished urine output, and a thready pulse with heart rate of 125 beats/min. This patient would be characterized as being in which class of hypovolemic shock?
Class 3
Which of the following interventions encourages drainage from the site of a closed wound and reduces swelling?
Elevation
The law of conservation of energy states that:
Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change form
A patient with which of the following conditions would most likely present with an acute onset of agitation, aggressiveness, tolerance to significant pain, bizarre behaviors, and profuse sweating?
Excited delirium
When assessing a gunshot wound, how can you determine which wound is the exit wound?
Exit wounds are typically more ragged
Which of the following prehospital treatments are essential to avoid the devasting consequences of hypovolemic shock?
Fluid resuscitation
Which of the following is the most common cause of necrotizing fasciitis?
Group A Streptococcus
Which part of the body is particularly vulnerable to deceleration injuries?
Head
Skin is thickest on which part of the body?
Heel
Which component gives red blood cells their red color?
Hemoglobin
A person who is neologistic:
Invents words that have no meaning
When applying a bandage to an open wound that does not have active bleeding, what should you do first?
Irrigate the wound with normal saline or sterile water
Which of the following is true of bleeding from an open vein?
It is darker red in color
How should you remove a patient's clothing when looking for bullet entrance and exit wounds?
Preserve the clothing as evidence and cut around bullet holes
Which type of MVAs have the most survivors if the driver and passenger are properly restrained?
Rear impact
A conscious but combative patient with severe facial trauma is fully immobilized on a backboard. During your assessment, the patient begins coughing up large amounts of blood. You suction her oropharynx, but her mouth quickly refills with blood. What should you do?
Roll the backboard on its side, suction her oropharynx, and prepare to perform pharmacologically assisted intubation
You should suspect which type of injury when you see a cracked windshield, bent steering wheel, dashboard damage, intrusion into a vehicle, or an open ankle fracture after a fall?
Spinal
Which of the following symptoms or signs indicate potential airway involvement in a burn patient?
Stridor
Which of the following factors directly affect cardiac output?
Stroke volume and pulse rate
Which type of burn will heal spontaneously in 2 to 3 weeks?
Superficial
The most significant factor that determines how well the body compensates for blood loss is:
The period of time over which the blood is lost
Which of the following injury mechanisms would most likely result in blunt trauma?
The pressure wave cause by a blast
Which of the following statements regarding soft-tissue injuries is correct?
They are often the most obvious but are seldom the most life-threatening injuries
During thee initial evaluation and resuscitation phases of burn care, what is the treatment objective
To achieve accurate fluid resuscitation
Which of the following bandages can be wrapped into an appropriate-sized strip to be used as a tourniquet?
Triangular
Which of the following injuries would most likely require transport to a Level 1 trauma center?
Two or more proximal long bone fractures
When a part of a patients body is completely avulsed, what is the priority?
Wrap the part loosely in saline-moistened sterile gauze
Organic brain syndrome is a term used to describe a condition in which a person's abnormal behavior is:
caused by a physical illness or the influence of a substance that interferes with normal cerebral function
Secondary collisions occur when which of the following happens during an MVA?
When an occupant inside the vehicle is hit by objects moving within the vehicle
It is important to closely observe the nasal hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes in patients who have experienced burns, because damage to them many indicate:
airway injury
Thermal burns are most commonly caused by exposure to:
an open flame
Disorganization and disorientation:
are ways that certain psychiatric conditions may present themselves.
A 74-year old male experienced partial and full thickness burns to his arms and chest resulting from a fire that started after he fell asleep while smoking his cigar. The patient's son, who arrived at the scene shortly after you, states that his father has CHF, and A-Fib. In addition to administering supplemental oxygen, it is most important for you to:
auscultate his breath sounds before administering IV fluids
If a patient with a behavioral emergency misperceives reality, you should:
avoid arguing about the patient's misperception
Much of the bleeding associated with unsplinted fractures continues because:
bone ends will continue to move and destroy partially formed clots
External bleeding would be the most difficult to control in a patient with a large laceration to the:
carotid artery
A hemostatic agent would be used to:
control serious hemorrhage when application of a tourniquet is not possible.
If you suspect a skull fx, you should:
cover the bleeding site loosely with a sterile gauze pad
Primary treatment in the prehospital setting for an abrasion involves:
covering it lightly with a sterile dressing
Most external hemorrhage and be controlled with a combination of:
direct pressure and pressure dressings
Nasotracheal intubation of a patient with upper airway burns:
is a complicated procedure and should be avoided
In contrast to dementia, delirium:
is characterized by acute global impairment of cognitive function.
If you suspect internal bleeding during the primary assessment, you should:
keep the patient warm and administer oxygen
The swelling that occurs in conjunction with a contusion is cause by:
leakage of fluid into spaces between the damaged cells
The "platinum 10 minutes" refers to the:
maximum time spent at a scene for a trauma patient.
Dry powder chemicals:
should be brused off the skin before irrigation with water
Administration of parenteral olanzapine and benzodiazepine to the same patient can lead to:
orthostatic hypotension
Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by:
persistent and unproductive worrying.
Almost all disoriented behavior:
represents a person's effort to adapt to internal or external stress.
Penetrating trauma occurs when:
tissues are disrupted by single or multiple objects.
The acute physiologic and structural change that occurs in a patient's body when an external source of energy dissipates faster than the body's ability to sustain and deplete it is called:
trauma
The most critical factor determining the seriousness of a gunshot wound is:
type of tissue which the projectile passes
A trauma patient with suspected internal hemorrhage and inadequate breathing requires:
ventilation assistance and rapid transport
If an acutely burned patient is in shock in the prehospital setting:
you should look for another injury as the source of shock
The first aspect to address in any patient with a soft-tissue injury is:
your safety
