JCJC Marriage and Family (Practice Test 3)

In April, 2011, __________ percent of respondents rated the economic conditions in the United States as good. A. 19 B. 26 C. 36 D. 46

A

Mr. Gonzalez and Mrs. Gonzalez evenly split all household chores. She learns from her co-workers that A. he is in the minority as most husbands do less household work. B. most husbands do more household work than he does. C. men shouldn't have to do household work during football season. D. most households have a similar arrangement.

A

Role overload occurs when A. a person's various roles carry more responsibilities than a person can reasonably manage. B. an individual takes an elective drama class. C. a person remarries after the death of a spouse. D. a woman decides to work outside of the home.

A

According to research on whether couples with one earner are happier than those with two, A. all studies show that homemakers are happier than working wives. B. the results are contradictory. C. working women are inevitably happier. D. the results are contingent on the couple's reciprocity.

B

According to several studies, much of the dissatisfaction working wives feel is attributable to the A. number of children they have. B. quality of the job they held. C. attitude of their spouse. D. amount of support they received from their family.

B

According to the U.S. Department of Labor, a majority of women work A. to bring in extra money. B. for the same reasons that men work. C. because they are bored with housework. D. to save for their retirement.

B

David's mother is a high school graduate who has never worked outside of the home. Although she has often thought of leaving her husband, an aloof executive, she very likely remains in the relationship primarily because of her fears of A. being alone. B. downward social mobility. C. keeping a checkbook. D. increased social mobility.

B

In 2008, the richest ______percent of Americans received __________ percent of all aggregate income. A. 20; 40 B. 20: 50 C. 30; 40 D. 30; 50

B

In order to understand the impact of work in the family, sociologist Joan Spade calls for A. an integration of work and family life. B. a sex-integrated model. C. more androgynous personalities. D. a sex-segregated model.

B

Susan works as a lobbyist in Washington, D.C., where she has an apartment. Her husband Carlos is a sales manager and lives in a home in a small suburban community outside of Atlanta. This arrangement is an example of a(n) A. extended family. B. commuter marriage. C. two-person career. D. marriage of convenience.

B

The increase of women and children who are poor is referred to as A. gender bias. B. the feminization of poverty. C. the gender gap. D. the domestication of poverty.

B

You have two small children and work for a company that has a child care center on the work site: A. This is nothing special, most companies have them. B. You consider yourself fortunate, only a small percentage of companies have them. C. This is beneficial only if you are a female. D. This will only increase your feelings of worry and guilt.

B

Among the hardest hit by unemployment are A. middle-aged white men. B. teenage women. C. Native Americans. D. Asian men.

C

In 1993, Congress passed the __________ Act, which allows either parent to take up to 3 months of unpaid leave for births, adoptions, and family emergencies. A. Flextime B. Job Sharing C. Family and Medical Leave D. Pregnancy Discrimination Act

C

The labor-force participation rate refers to the percentage of A. the labor force who are members of labor unions. B. unemployed individuals who are not seeking work. C. workers who are employed or actively seeking employment. D. prospective employees in a given industry.

C

The number of stay-at-home moms today is A. double what it was in 2008. B. about half what it was in 2001. C. the lowest it has been since 2001. D. about the same as it was in 2008.

C

Which of the following best reflects the two-person career? A. dual-earner families B. a "mom and pop" grocery store C. the United States President and First Lady D. the commuter marriage

C

Which of the following is the best example of a two-career family? A. female attorney, male taxi-driver B. male accountant, female manicurist C. male attorney, female engineer D. male politician, female community volunteer

C

By 2007, both parents were working in __________ percent of all married-couple families. A. 32 B. 42 C. 52 D. 62

D

The term "second shift" is used to describe A. an individual who joins both the varsity baseball and the football teams. B. men who mow the grass and do household chores on the weekends. C. the requirement for both men and women to work overtime in a factory setting. D. a working woman's dual role of worker and housewife.

D

Which of the following is NOT an illustration of underemployment? A. someone working full-time at a very low wage B. an individual working part-time who wants to work full-time C. someone with a skill higher than their current job D. an individual voluntarily participating in a job-sharing program

D

Which of the following is true for couples with split-shift employment who are on different shifts? A. They try to work the same shifts whenever possible. B. There are fewer tensions due to less time together. C. They are extremely rare in the U.S. D. It enables one parent to be home while the other works.

D

Which of the following statements is NOT true of income levels in 2008? A. Dual-earner couples had incomes of $86,621, compared to the $48,502 of married couples where the husband was the sole breadwinner. B. Single house holders, whether male or female, made less than their married counterparts. even when the wife was not working. C. The median income for all White families in 2008 was $65,000, but only $39,879 for African Americans families, and $40,466 for Latinas/os families. D. Asian/Pacific Islanders had the lowest median income.

D

__________ is when two workers split a single full-time job. A. Flextime B. Part-time C. Adaptable-time D. Job sharing

D

__________ refers to the location of workers in different occupations. A. Job sharing B. The "mommy track" C. Gender distribution D. Occupational distribution

D

A working wife who wants only a domestic role may experience all of the following EXCEPT A. she adheres strongly to the good provider role. B. her husband feels inadequate. C. she is embittered about her need to work. D. her husband feels threatened because she works.

A

According to Peter Rossi, the "__________" are those who are in danger of losing their homes or who have lost their homes but have found temporary shelter. A. precariously housed B. literally homeless C. practically homeless D. soon-to-be homeless

A

All of the following are correct, EXCEPT A. infertility impedes one's sexual performance. B. some factors causing infertility are specific to each sex. C. prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals can produce sterility in both men and women. D. Some men refuse to consider that they may be infertile.

A

Although a particular __________ may prevent pregnancy, it does not necessarily provide protection against AIDS. A. birth control device B. sexual rite C. religious ritual D. precautionary procedure

A

Compared to a decade ago, Americans are now __________ about economic conditions. A. much more concerned B. more optimistic C. extremely optimistic D. feeling about the same

A

Compared with children raised by heterosexual parents, adolescents raised by lesbian mothers were found to have all of the following EXCEPT A. lower self esteem B. higher total competence C. higher levels of social competence D. higher levels of academic abilities

A

In 2009, about __________ percent of families maintained by women with children were poor. A. 39 B. 47 C. 57 D. 67

A

In __________, laws were passed requiring that parents be notified when a minor seeks an abortion. A. the late 1970s B. the early 1960s C. 1987 D. 1985

A

Nutrition is a major concern during pregnancy because A. nutrients pass from the mother to the fetus through the placenta, and the fetus can be deprived of nutrition. B. it is important that the woman not gain too much weight. C. proper nutrition negates the effects of smoking, drinking, and drug abuse in the parents. D. the fetus must receive nutrition through the areola.

A

Proponents of overturning Roe v. Wade are popularly and collectively referred to as the A. pro-life movement. B. anti-abortion coalition. C. Supreme Court Bureaucrats. D. "crazies."

A

Surrogacy is perhaps the most controversial of all reproductive techniques because it A. involves a third party. B. promotes extramarital affairs. C. makes the producing mother out to be a baby machine. D. endangers the life of the surrogate mother.

A

The __________ Amendment prohibited the use of federal Medicaid funds for abortions except in cases where the pregnancy threatens a woman's life. A. Hyde B. Hatch C. Gramm-Rudmann D. Kennedy

A

The fetus is particularly vulnerable to drugs A. in the first trimester. B. in the second trimester. C. in the third trimester. D. the fetus is not vulnerable to drug abuse by its mother.

A

The motherhood mystique proposes that A. a woman's highest achievement and fulfillment in life. B. motherhood is equal in value to fathering. C. becoming a mother is one of many roles a woman can achieve. D. becoming a mother is less important than career success.

A

The ways in which people parent are significantly tied to A. how parenting roles and gender roles are culturally defined. B. the current mode of "baby expert" thinking. C. the media's view of parenting. D. parenting courses taken in high school.

A

Unlike all other advanced industrialized countries, the United States has no statutory provision that guarantees A. a woman pregnancy leave. B. a man pregnancy leave. C. parental leave. D. medical leave.

A

What period in America history is referred to as the "baby boom"? A. between 1946 and 1965 B. between 1939 and 1945 C. between 1846 and 1865 D. between 1967 and 1980

A

What type of expectations do African American middle-class families tend to have for their offspring? A. high educational and vocational expectations B. whatever will provide the most tolerable existence C. the necessity to work hard and play hard D. nonconformity and high vocational achievement

A

Which group has the lowest poverty rate? A. female heads of household B. single males over 25 C. divorced heads of households D. married couple families

A

Which of the following is INACCURATE with regard to the recent research findings on commuting marriages? A. Commuters are more satisfied with family life. B. Commuters are more dissatisfied with their relationships with their partners. C. Commuters are more satisfied with their work life and the time they have for themselves. D. Commuters are more dissatisfied with life as a whole.

A

__________ arrangements allow employees to choose, within specified time limits, when they begin and leave work. A. Flextime B. Time-sharing C. Adaptable-time D. Job sharing

A

__________ is characterized by physical deformities such as facial abnormalities, an extremely small heart, and heart defects. A. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome B. Chronic Villus Disease C. Down Syndrome D. Fetal Protein Syndrome

A

The term spillover effects is used to describe A. the amount of overtime a person works each week. B. positive or negative effects work can have on an individual's family life. C. the effect of an unruly child on the household. D. the development of the two career family.

B

Traditionally, American culture has made distinctions between motherhood and fatherhood. These distinctions reflect our ideas about A. patriarchy and infanticide. B. gender-appropriate behavior and heterosexuality. C. homosexuality and feminism. D. traditional and non-traditional sex roles.

B

Which of the following are most likely to share in household tasks? A. white husbands B. African American husbands C. Latino husbands D. Asian American husbands

B

Which of the following has the highest percentage of married-couple families? A. Latinas/os B. Asian and Pacific Islanders C. African Americans D. Native Americans

B

Which of the following is NOT an issue of inequality that women face in today's labor market? A. gender gap in earnings B. job sharing C. sexual harassment D. occupational distribution

B

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why poor communities and communities of color are especially at risk for HIV positive babies? A. limited access to drug treatment programs B. genetic predisposition C. poor quality health care D. lack of medical information

B

Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between adoption, infertility and contraception? A. There is no relationship among adoption, infertility, and contraception. B. Effective contraception methods reduce the number of children available for adoption by infertile couples. C. Infertility affects adoption but has no connection with contraception. D. A couple adopts only if they are infertile and would therefore have no interest in contraception.

B

__________ is a condition characterized by mood shifts, irritability, and fatigue. A. Prenatal depression B. Postnatal depression C. Prenatal syndrome D. Postnatal mystique

B

Kateri and her husband Bill are proud of their Pueblo Indian heritage. How would their child-rearing philosophy be likely to compare to Carmen and Manuel, their Puerto Rican friends? A. They will have extremely different value systems. B. They will both place emphasis on being Americans first. C. They will both emphasize family interdependence and unity. D. They will both be quite verbal and use physical forms of punishment.

C

Laws that require parents to be notified when a minor seeks an abortion have had what effect? A. They have greatly reduced the number of abortions had by minors. B. They have actually increased the number of abortions had by minors. C. They have had only a small impact on the number of abortions had by minors. D. None of the above.

C

Naomi and Michael are concerned that their sexual desires have diminished since the birth of their daughter three months ago. Is this normal? A. No, they should see a sex therapist. B. Yes, sex drive is always curtailed for at least 4 years after a birth. C. Probably, as there is no set standard of sexual desire or behavior after childbirth. D. No, their sex drive should have increased by this time.

C

On the one hand, men are encouraged to participate in the pregnancy and birth of their children, but on the other hand, they are treated as outsiders by everyone concerned. Shapiro calls this situation A. embryopathy. B. the daddy syndrome. C. cultural double bind. D. couvade.

C

One recently recognized work-family conflict is the "new male mystique," which points out that A. Men's work lives have grown increasingly mysterious. B. Husbands are not expected to be involved in family life. C. The work place does not easily accommodate men's new involvement at home. D. All of the above.

C

Researchers have found that men's __________ can impair sperms, causing a miscarriage and passing on a slight but significant legacy of cancer, tumors, and leukemia to offspring. A. obesity B. heavy drinking C. smoking D. the father's behaviors have no bearing on the fetus

C

The __________ Act of 1978 requires that pregnant employees be treated the same as employees with any temporary disability. A. Non-Discrimination B. Handicappers C. Pregnancy Discrimination D. Family Leave

C

The distribution and use of contraceptives in the United States was illegal in the latter half of the __________ century. A. seventeenth B. eighteenth C. nineteenth D. twentieth

C

The principle of equal pay for different jobs of similar worth is known as A. occupational distribution. B. gender equalization. C. pay equity. D. gender handicap.

C

Which of the following has the greatest risk of having a baby with Down syndrome? A. an adolescent B. a single mother C. a woman over 40 D. a Hispanic woman

C

__________ allows physicians to identify chromosomal abnormalities in the embryo before implantation. A. Surrogacy B. Embryo transplant C. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis D. Assisted reproductive technology

C

__________ is a general term that includes all treatments or procedures involving the handling of human eggs and sperm to establish a pregnancy. A. Artificial insemination B. In vitro fertilization C. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) D. Embryo transplant

C

__________ refers to a procedure whereby a fertilized egg from a woman donor is implanted into an infertile woman. A. Surrogacy B. Artificial insemination C. Embryo transplant D. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis

C

According to Murray Strauss, which of the following is NOT one of the harmful consequences of spanking? A. The more frequently a child is spanked, the more aggressive the child is likely to become. B. Spanking erodes the bond of affection between parent and child. C. Parents who were spanked as children are more likely to spank their own children. D. Spanking always results in physical abuse.

D

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, __________ percent of children 12 to 14 regularly care for themselves after school. A, 6 B. 13.0 C. 21 D. 33

D

Adolescents who have a job are less likely than their unemployed counterparts to A. go to college. B. participate in premarital sex. C. complete high school or GED classes. D. become involved with illegal activities such as drug dealing.

D

All of the following are consequences of infertility, EXCEPT A. denial. B. disbelief. C. depression. D. relief.

D

All of the following are consequences of the criminalization of abortion, EXCEPT A. the development of underground abortion activities. B. exorbitant costs for abortion. C. the inaccessibility of abortion. D. the benediction of organized religion to off-set the dangers that often accompany illegal abortions.

D

All of the following are reasons why people do not use contraceptives EXCEPT A. using contraception is not romantic. B. being prepared for sex can cause shame and/or guilt. C. parents haven't discussed sex with them. D. location of sexual activity is more important.

D

Father's Day is the __________-largest card-sending occasion. A. first B. second C. third D. fourth

D

Findings from studies on the impact of work on family life and decision making conclude that A. knowledge and education create power. B. in unhappy marriages, the power base is equal. C. the number of hours worked per week is the key variable. D. money translates into power.

D

If a mother living with HIV/AIDS receives no preventive drugs and breast-feeds, the chance of her baby becoming infected with the virus is between _____________ percent. A. 5 and 10 B. 10 and 15 C. 15 and 25 D. 20 and 45

D

In June 2011, the U.S. unemployment rate was __________ percent. A. 4.9 B. 5.8 C. 7.5 D. 9.2

D

Some of the underemployed are people who are employed part-time but who want to work full-time, a condition called A. deployment. B. involuntary part-time employment. C. involuntary poverty. D. modified unemployment.

B

The __________ style of parenting involves giving children autonomy and freedom, and downplaying conformity. A. authoritative B. permissive C. traditional D. authoritarian

B

The most common form of multiple conception and birth is A. sextuplets. B. twins. C. triplets. D. quadruplets.

B

The preference for a male child has led to sex-selective abortions and female infanticide in A. Britain. B. China. C. Mexico. D. the United States.

B

Many studies of the wage gap between male and female workers have concluded that the difference can be explained by: A. educational attainment. B. discriminatory treatment. C. intelligence levels. D. job tenure.

B

It is estimated that the success rate of artificial insemination is around __________ percent. A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20

20

Nock and Kingston (1990), found that couples with less time together express A. a greater sense of relief. B. less satisfaction with their marriages. C. a greater satisfaction with their marriages. D. a greater need for time alone.

B

Reuben Hill's model of family crisis is used by Voydanoff to explain A. the A, B, Cs of good family communication. B. the conditions under which unemployment contributes to family crisis or disrupts family functioning. C. the inevitability of crisis in a family after a forced relocation. D. why divorce is inevitable after a job termination.

B

A recent study of postnatal depression in fathers has found that about one in ______ fathers gets serious postnatal depression. A. six B. ten C. fifteen D. twenty

B

According to Karen Pyke (1994), the meaning that couples give to women's paid employment or unpaid household labor __________ determining the woman's power in the relationship. A. is of no importance in B. is the key to C. has little significance in D. has some significance in

B

According to the medical profession, infertility is defined as the inability to A. achieve an orgasm. B. conceive after 12 months of unprotected intercourse. C. carry a pregnancy to stillbirth. D. conceive after 24 months of protected intercourse.

B

Approximately__________ percent of all births in the United States are now to single mothers. A. 27 B. 40 C. 57 D. 77

B

Collins (1991) proposes a model of motherhood that focuses on __________ women. A. Hispanic B. African American C. Asian D. Eurocentric

B

Comparatively speaking, artificial inseminations are A. very expensive. B. not very expensive. C. free. D. available only to the very wealthy.

B

Cryopreservation is A. the same as abortion. B. the freezing of fertilized eggs for later implantation. C. another name for in vitro fertilization. D. the preservation of an aborted fetus.

B

Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics show that in 2010 the median weekly earnings of union members was _________, considerably higher than the $717 earned by their nonunion counterparts. A. $763 B. $917 C. $963 D. $1,063

B

During in vitro fertilization, the actual fertilization A. occurs in the fallopian tube. B. takes place outside of the woman's body. C. takes place in the uterus where the egg is immediately attached. D. takes place in the vagina and then transported to the uterus.

B

In 2009, the average cost of full-time child care for an infant in a child care center in Massachusetts was more than A. $8,750 B. $18,750. C. $28,750 D. $38,750

B

Individuals working full-time for very low wages are also known as A. the disheartened poor. B. the working poor. C. the employed poor. D. welfare cases.

B

Infertility affects about ________ percent of the reproductive age population. A. 5-10 B. 10-15 C. 15-20 D. 20-25

B

A major medical breakthrough relative to reproduction occurred in the 1940s. This breakthrough was A. discovery of the G-spot in women. B. understanding the process of fetal development. C. understanding the link between ovulation and the menstrual cycle. D. the use of condoms to prevent sexually transmitted diseases.

C

A national study by researchers at Ohio State University concluded that children reared by single mothers were doing __________ in comparison with those reared by single fathers. A. far less well B. somewhat better C. just as well D. very, very badly

C

According to a 1990 national opinion poll, which of the following, next to money, is the single biggest cause of resentment among women who are married or living as if married? A. the absence of an adequate sexual relationship B. in-law problems C. how much their partners help around the house D. living circumstances

C

According to the text, which of the following is NOT a benefit of parenthood? A. emotional bonding B. adult status C. lifestyle disruptions D. fun and enjoyment

C

All of the following are costs of parenthood, EXCEPT A. investment of parental time. B. investment of parental energy. C. emotional bonding. D. lifestyle disruptions.

C

Approximately __________ million pregnancies are aborted yearly worldwide. A. 22 B. 32 C. 42 D. 62

C

Authoritative parents generally rely on A. physical punishment to achieve obedience. B. giving children autonomy and freedom to express themselves. C. positive reinforcement and avoidance of punishment. D. negative reinforcement to promote autonomy.

C

Currently among never married women aged 15-44, ________ is/are the most popular choice for birth control. A. abortion B. condoms C. the birth control pill D. the diaphragm

C

In order to increase the chances of pregnancy when using in vitro fertilization, doctors sometimes A. use their own sperm to fertilize the woman's eggs. B. request that the woman stay off her feet. C. insert multiple embryos. D. administer fertility pills to the woman.

C

In the United States, about _______ of employers provide paid parental leave. A. 2% B. 8% C. 13% D. 25%

C

In vitro fertilization is sometimes called __________ fertilization. A. ectopic B. chemical C. test-tube D. laparoscopic

C

Public policy, societal sentiment, state and federal legislation, and family law all support the father's role as A. equal partner with mother. B. the active, nurturing parent. C. the absent spouse. D. the breadwinner and authority figure.

D

Sexual harassment is NOT A. unwanted leers. B. unwanted comments or suggestions of a sexual nature. C. physical contact of a sexual nature. D. a compliment on a new hairstyle.

D

The majority of child care today is performed by A. surrogate parents. B. non-working, "Mr. Mom"-type men. C. nannies. D. working and nonworking women.

D

The motherhood mystique includes all the following ideas EXCEPT A. a good mother must enjoy all aspects of her role. B. the ultimate achievement and fulfillment of womanhood is through motherhood. C. children need their mother's exclusive and continuous attention. D. motherhood is a mystical and religious experience.

D

The physical appearance of HIV infected babies is referred to as A. human chorionic gonadotropin. B. toxemia. C. Down syndrome. D. HIV embryopathy.

D

There are now __________ single fathers rearing children. A. 500,000 B. 1 million C. 2 million D. 2.8 million

D

There were nearly __________ million births in 2009. A. 1.3 B. 2.3 C. 3.3 D. 4.1

D

When both spouses work, the traditional pattern of male-dominance tends to A. shift to male subservience in household tasks. B. shift to female dominance in decision making. C. remain unchanged in all contexts. D. shift to greater equality in terms of joint decision making.

D

Which of the following factors has NOT been shown to affect mortality and morbidity? A. age B. race C. class D. eye color

D

Which of the following is NOT among the Supreme Court rulings related to the decision that having a child is part of the individual's constitutionally protected right to privacy? A. Griswold v. Connecticut B. Eisenstadt v. Baird C. Carey v. Population Services International D. Bush v. Women of Washington D.C.

D

Which of the following is NOT considered an influence on the prenatal environment of the fetus? A. exposure to toxic chemicals B. smoking by the father C. drug use by the mother D. the presence of "morning sickness"

D

Which of the following is NOT considered as a reason for remaining child free? A. career and marital considerations B. the desire for personal fulfillment C. uncertainty about parenting skills D. religious considerations which mitigate against childbearing

D

Which of the following is NOT included among the social forces that shape the timing and number of births in societies around the world? A. the value placed on children and parenthood B. current marriage patterns and gender roles C. knowledge about human reproduction D. the influence of upper-class behavior

D

Which of the following is NOT offered as an explanation for the decline of the total fertility role in America during the 19th and 20th centuries? A. the United States transformed from an agricultural society to an industrial society B. there were rapid advances in science and technology C. the economic value of children declined D. men became disinterested in the mechanics of reproduction

D

Which of the following would not be considered a "home production" activity? A. household budgeting B. PTA meetings C. laundry D. a home-based business

D

__________ is the reproductive technique in which sperm is injected into the women's vagina during her fertile period. A. Selective intercourse B. Safe period C. Ejaculation D. Artificial insemination

D