Kettering Review notes
Which of the following will improve the spatial resolution of image-intensified images? -A very thin coating of cesium iodide on the input phosphor -A smaller-diameter input screen/phosphor -Increased total brightness gain A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3
-A very thin coating of cesium iodide on the input phosphor -A smaller-diameter input screen/phosphor
body's first line of defense against infection? *select all* 1- intact skin and mucous membranes 2- upper respiratory tract cilia 3- inflammatory response
1- intact skin and mucous membranes 2- upper respiratory tract cilia
which of the following conditions cause(s) weakening and inflammation of the colon? 1- ulcerative colitis 2- diverticulitis 3- hemorrhoids 4- hiatal hernia a- 1 only b- 1,2 c- 1,2,3 d- 1,2,3,4
1- ulcerative colitis 2- diverticulitis
Which of the following drugs may be used as a vasoconstrictor for a patient experiencing an anaphylactic reaction? 1. Adrenalin 2. Vasopressin 3. Atropine
1. Adrenalin 2. Vasopressin 3. Atropine
From the following protocols for infection prevention, which apply to airborne precautions? 1. Have the patient wear a surgical mask 2. Personnel must wear an N95 filtered mask 3. Personnel must wear gowns for all interactions with infected patients
1. Have the patient wear a surgical mask 2. Personnel must wear an N95 filtered mask
A substance or method used to cleanse the large bowel prior to a barium enema is called 1. a cathartic 2. a cleansing enema 3. a purgative A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3
1. a cathartic 2. a cleansing enema 3. a purgative
Knee arthrography may be performed to demonstrate a 1. torn meniscus. 2. Baker's cyst. 3. torn rotator cuff. A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3
1. torn meniscus. 2. Baker's cyst.
Which of the following positions may be used to effectively demonstrate the hepatic flexure during radiographic examination of the large bowel? 1.RAO 2.LAO 3.LPO A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only
1.RAO 3.LPO
Which of the following decrease attenuation of the x-ray beam? 1. Positive contrast agents 2. Air 3. Negative contrast agents
2. Air 3. Negative contrast agents
The ARRT Rules of Ethics are - 1. aspirational. 2. mandatory. 3. minimally acceptable standards. A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3
2. mandatory. 3. minimally acceptable standards.
The left sacroiliac joint is positioned perpendicular to the IR when the patient is positioned in a A left lateral position. B 25° to 30° LAO position. C 25° to 30° LPO position. D 30° to 40° LPO position.
25° to 30° LAO position.
CR for pa axial of large intestine following a fluoro portion of a barium enema... 20-25 cephalad 20-25 caudad 30-40 cephalad 30-40 caudad
30-40 caudad
what is the proper positioning for the Axiolateral Oblique for the Symphysis a- true lateral b- 30-degrees towards IR c- 45-degrees towards IR
45-degrees towards the IR
Varus and Valgus deformities of the knee joint are best evaluated with: A AP weight bearing projection B Lateromedial cross-table lateral projection C Holmblad method D Medial oblique projection, patient recumbent
A AP weight bearing projection for varus and valgus
What is the relationship between kV and HVL? A As kV increases, the HVL increases. B As kV increases, HVL decreases C If the kV is doubled, the HVL doubles. D If the kV is doubled, the HVL is squared.
A As kV increases, the HVL increases.
Which of the following are methods to prolong x-ray tube life? (select the three that apply) A Perform the x-ray tube warm-up procedure when the anode is cold B Use long exposure time settings C Limit exposure prep time D Avoid performing certain projections in the department's exam protocol E Reduce repeat radiographs F Keep the kVp setting constant for all exams
A Perform the x-ray tube warm-up procedure when the anode is cold C Limit exposure prep time E Reduce repeat radiographs
Syncope is a result of A drop in blood pressure A narrowing of blood vessels A decrease in heart rate Increased oxygen to brain tissue
A drop in blood pressure A decrease in heart rate
To activate magnification mode in the image intensifier A more voltage is applied to the electrostatic lenses B the gap between the input phosphor and the photocathode is increased C an aperture collimator is collapsed in front of the output phosphor D. the input phosphor is polarized by applying a bias voltage
A more voltage is applied to the electrostatic lenses
To determine the half-value layer of an x-ray machine, if a 2-mm thick aluminum reduces the intensity of an exposure by one-fourth, what additional thickness of aluminum is required to reduce the intensity by one-half? A 1 mm B 2 mm C 3 mm D 4 mm
B 2 mm (if a 2-mm aluminum plate placed in the path of the beam reduced the intensity by one-fourth the original intensity, then a total of 4 mm of aluminum, would have been necessary to reduce the original intensity to one-half.)
The frequency of cardiac ventricular contractions is reported in which value: A BPH B BPM C BPS D BPI
B BPM
What is the term used to describe x-ray photon interaction with matter and the transference of part of the photon's energy to matter? A Absorption B Scattering C Attenuation D Divergence
B Scattering
A focal-spot size of 0.3 mm or smaller is essential for A small-bone radiography B magnification radiography C long SID techniques D fluoroscopy
B magnification radiography
Focal-spot blur is greatest A toward the anode end of the x-ray beam B toward the cathode end of the x-ray beam C directly along the course of the CR D as the SID is increased
B toward the cathode end of the x-ray beam
The esophagus commences at about the level of A C3. B C6. C T1. D T11.
B C6
The standard developed to establish a universal, standardized public format and protocol for communicating biomedical imaging files is A PACS B DICOM C RIS D HIS
B DICOM
Which of the following mobile radiography applications enables the radiographer to view the radiographic image before leaving the patient? A Fixed digital units of any type B Tethered or wireless flat-panel digital mobile units C Portable units using conventional radiographic film D Battery operated conventional radiography mobile units
B Tethered or wireless flat-panel digital mobile units
The annual dose limit for occupationally exposed individuals is valid for A alpha, beta, and x-radiations B x- and gamma radiations only C beta, x-, and gamma radiations D all ionizing radiations
B x- and gamma radiations only
Which of the following measures the percentage of x-rays absorbed by the detector? A FPD B PPI C DQE D DXR
C DQE
Which of the following is another name for an intermittent injection port? A Hypodermic needle B Butterfly needle C Heparin lock D Intravenous (IV) infusion
C heparin lock
the complete killing of all microorganisms is termed: A surgical asepsis. B medical asepsis. C sterilization. D disinfection.
C sterilization
For primary protective barriers, when the proper thickness is used, concrete or brick may be used to replace lead. Approximately how many inches of brick or concrete are needed to provide the same protection as 1/16 inch of lead? A 2 inches B 3 inches C 4 inches D 5 inches
C) 4 inches
Guidelines for cleaning contaminated objects or surfaces include which of the following? Clean from the least contaminated to the most contaminated areas. Clean in a circular motion, starting from the center and working outward. Clean from the top down.
Clean from the least contaminated to the most contaminated areas. Clean from the top down.
To be in compliance with radiation safety standards, the fluoroscopy exposure switch must A sound during fluoro-on time B be on a 6-ft-long cord C terminate fluoro after 5 minutes D be the "dead man" type
D be the "dead man" type
During prolonged use, such as fluoroscopy, the x-ray tube may acquire an abundance of heat. If a three-phase rectified fluoroscopy tube is used with a technique of 90 kVp and 4 mA for a total beam on time of 3 minutes and 5 seconds, what are the total heat units (Joules) produced? A 66,600 HU B 1.946 HU C 740 HU D 93,240 HU
D 93,240 HU (90 x 4 x 185 s x 1.4) convert 3 mins 5 seconds by multiplying 3x60 + 5
Which of the following is a concept of proper body mechanics: A Reducing the base of support by bringing your feet closer together creates a more stable foundation when lifting objects over your head B Increasing distance between your center of gravity and the center of gravity for the object you are moving will increase the leverage needed to perform the action C Pulling objects is easier on the joints and expends less energy than pushing an object D Decreased the distance between yourself and the patient you are transferring allows for better use of your upper extremities in the transfer
D Decreased the distance between yourself and the patient you are transferring allows for better use of your upper extremities in the transfer
Which of the following factors increase the probability of scatter production within the patient? (select the three that apply) A Average atomic number of the tissue B Decreased mAs C Increased OID D Increased tissue thickness E Decreased collimation F Increased tissue density (kg/cm3)
D Increased tissue thickness E Decreased collimation F Increased tissue density (kg/cm3)
To radiographically demonstrate the lumbar spine and sacrum in an AP projection, the radiographer should center the spine at the level of the iliac crest, which corresponds with the level of which lumbar vertebra? A L-1 B L-2 C L-3 D L-4
D L-4
What is the projection to demonstrate the longitudinal arch of the foot, while permitting the patient to keep weight equally distributed on both feet? A Mediolateral B Lateromedial C Mediolateral weight-bearing lateral (CR enters medial surface) D Lateromedial weight-bearing lateral (CR enters lateral surface)
D Lateromedial weight-bearing lateral (CR enters lateral surface)
Bennett fx
Fx of the proximal end of the first metacarpal
Which of the following statements regarding dual x-ray absorptiometry is (are) true? It is a low-dose procedure. Two x-ray photon energies are used. Photon attenuation by bone is calculated.
It is a low-dose procedure. Two x-ray photon energies are used. Photon attenuation by bone is calculated.
Intervertebral foramina will be demonstrated in which of the following projections? Lateral cervical spine Lateral thoracic spine Lateral lumbar spine
Lateral thoracic spine Lateral lumbar spine
Which of the following patient identifiers is not considered protected information: A Address B Date of Birth C Medical Record Number D Social Security Number
Medical Record Number
During a dual contrast UGI on a patient with sthenic habitus, the radiologist visualizes a lesion suspicious for ulcer on the AP projection, midway between the fundus and the pylorus of the stomach. Which comparison view will best determine whether the lesion is on the anterior or posterior lining of the stomach?
Right Lateral. stomach is on the left and when using double contrast, you use air/contrast. air rises, so place the patient in a right lateral so see the differences
A lateral (analog) radiograph of the lumbar spine was made using 200 mA, 1/2 second exposure, and 90 kV. If the exposure factors were changed to 200 mA, 0.25 second, and 104 kV, there would be an obvious change in which of the following? Receptor exposure Scale of grays/contrast Distortion A 1 only B 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, and 3
Scale of grays/contrast
Which of the following is (are) effective in reducing exposure to sensitive tissues for frontal views during scoliosis examinations? Use of PA projection Use of breast shields Use of compensating filtration
Use of PA projection Use of breast shields Use of compensating filtration
A minor reaction to the IV administration of a contrast agent can include a) a few hives b) nausea and c) flushed face
a) a few hives b) nausea and c) flushed face
what is the EBE of the n-shell? a- 1 b- 5 c- 10 d- 15
a- 1
what percentage of x-ray production becomes actual x-rays ? a- 1% b- 99% c- 50% 3%
a- 1%
at 90 kVp, what percentage of x-rays are characteristic? a- 15% b- 30% c- 85% d- 90%
a- 15%
what is the CR for the Axiolateral Oblique for the mandible (ramus, body, symphysis) a- 25 cephalic b- perp. c- 25 caudad
a- 25 cephalic
if the patient has trauma to the posterior ribs, what projection is done? a- AP b- PA
a- AP
a- AP
a- AP b- PA c- Oblique
when the question asks about the production of x-rays, what would you look for in your answer? a- Brems, Characteristics b- Photoelectric, Compton, Coherent c- x-rays vs heat
a- Brems, Characteristics
x-rays were first discovered when? a- Nov. 8, 1895 b- Nov 10, 1900 c- Nov. 8, 1985
a- Nov. 8, 1895
facial bone imaging should be upright, why? a- air/fluid levels b- fluid levels c- air levels
a- air/fluid levels
what examination is this: 30-degrees caudad to the OML or 37-degrees caudad to the IOML. enters 2-inches above the Glabella a- ap axial towne b- pa axial caldwell c- pa axial haas
a- ap axial towne
what is the name of the pa axial skull? a- caldwell b- towne c- lawrence
a- caldwell
the PA Axial Haas for the skull, the CR is different than most PA central rays, why? a- cephalad (25-degrees) b- caudad (25-degrees
a- cephalad (25-degrees)
the flow of electrons in an electrical circuit refers to: a- current b- amperage c- voltage
a- current
if the primary side of the transformer has 10 turns and the secondary side of the transformer has 5 turns, what will happen to the voltage? a- decreases by half b- voltage will increase by double c- will remain the same d- voltage will decrease slightly
a- decrease by half
in the pa skull projection, where do the petrous ridges/pyramids lie? a- fill the orbits b- lower third of the orbits c- inferior to maxillary sinuses
a- fill the orbits
which body habitus is described to having a stomach that lies high, transverse, in the middle? a- hypersthenic b- hyposthenic c- asthenic d- sthenic
a- hypersthenic
aqueous iodine compounds that are injected into the body are removed from the blood and excreted: a- in urine via kidneys b- in bile via digestive tract c- in gaseous form via respiratory tract d- components of sweat
a- in urine via kidneys
deep expiration/exhalation on an AP abdomen will _________ the tissue density of the lungs? a- increase tissue density b- decrease tissue density
a- increase tissue density
what effect will imaging a structure with an increased atomic # have on the occurrence of photoelectric effect? a- increased photoelectric b- decreased photoelectric c- no change
a- increased photoelectric (as atomic # increases, tissue is denser, therefore more absorption will occur)
when the step down transformer, steps down/decreases voltage, what happens to amperage? a- increases b- decreases c- no change
a- increases
which is the typical skull morphology and angulation? a- mesocephalic, 47-degrees b- dolichocephalic, 40-degrees c- brachycephalic, 54-degrees
a- mesocephalic, 47-degrees
what is the central ray for the lateral facial bones? a- perp. to the zygomatic bone, midway between EAM and Outer Canthus b- 25-degrees cephalad, outer canthus c- 25-degrees caudad, to EAM d- perp. to the eAM
a- perp. to the zygomatic bone, midway between EAM and Outer Canthus
what charge does the anode get? a- positive, positive electrode b- negative, negative electrode c- neutral, neutral electrode
a- positive, positive electrode
a cancer pt would have this device(s) inserted to aid in the delivery of strong chemotherapy meds? a- power port b- swan-ganz line c-PICC d-hickman
a- power port c-PICC d-hickman
kVp relates to: a- quality, wavelength, penetrability, energy, quantity b- rate, intensity, dose, quantity c- dose, quality, rate, penetrability
a- quality, wavelength, penetrability, energy, quantity
what transformer steps up voltage? a- step up b- step down
a- step up
what makes up the filament wires? a- thoriated tungsten b- thorium c- tungsten d- rhenium
a- thoriated tungsten
what is the proper positioning for the Axiolateral Oblique for the Ramus a- true lateral b- 30-degrees towards IR c- 45-degrees towards IR
a- true lateral
when seeing a turns ratio of 2:1 this means: a- turns ratio greater than 1 b- turns ratio less than 1
a- turns ratio greater than one (turns ratio can be described as a fraction with the secondary turns as the numerator and primary turns as the denominator. if the fraction is greater than one, the top number is greater than the bottom)
difference in charge is called: a- voltage b- current c- circuit
a- voltage
what does the site of conversion mean? a- where electrons become x-rays at the anode b- where electrons boil off c- where x-rays exit the tube
a- where electrons become x-rays at the anode
particulate energy
alpha and beta particles
half value layer
amount of filtration necessary to reduce the intensity of the radiation beam to one half its original value
use of MRI is contraindicated for which of the following... aneurysm clips pacemakers titanium pedicle screws dental fillings
aneurysm clips pacemakers
pathogenic
anything that is or can be disease-producing
what is the EBE of the m-shell? a- 0.5 b- 3 c- 8 d- 12
b- 3
what is the formula for velocity? a- 4 x 10^3 meters/second b- 3 x 10^8 meters/second = 186,000 c- 1 x 10^1 d- no formula
b- 3 x 10^8 meters/second = 186,000
what is the proper positioning for the Axiolateral Oblique for the Body a- true lateral b- 30-degrees towards IR c- 45-degrees towards IR
b- 30-degrees towards the IR
what is the baseline for the parietoacanthial waters method? a- 30 b- 37 c- 55
b- 37
what is the EBE of the k-shell? a- 54-56 b- 69.5-70 c- 33-35
b- 69.5-70
a tube must have a tube potential of at least ____ to have characteristic x-rays? a- 50 b- 70 c- 80 d- 1
b- 70
what is the atomic number of tungsten? a- 69 b- 74 c- 55 d- 34
b- 74
what percentage of x-ray production becomes thermal energy? a- 1% b- 99% c- 50% 3%
b- 99%
what line is parallel to the IR in the SMV projection? a- OML b- IOML c- IPL d- MML
b- IOML
in the PA Axial Caldwell method of the skull, where does the central ray exit? a- Glabella b- Nasion c- 2 inches above Glabella d- Acanthion
b- Nasion
which will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile? a- PA b- PA oblique, RAO c- AP oblique, LPO d- AP oblique, RPO
b- PA oblique, RAO
when the question asks about x-ray interactions or matter, what would you look for in your answer? a- Brems, Characteristics b- Photoelectric, Compton, Coherent, etc. c- x-rays vs heat
b- Photoelectric, Compton, Coherent, etc.
where does the current come from for Thermionic Emission to occur? a- Step-Up Transformer b- Step-Down transformer c- Autotransformer d- Tube
b- Step-Down transformer
which is not a potential somatic effect? a- cataracts b- cystic fibrosis c- erythema d- epilation
b- cystic fibrosis
deep expiration/exhalation does what on an AP abdomen image? a- blur tissue b- decrease tissue density c- reduce magnification d- increase tissue density
b- decrease tissue density
when the step up transformer, steps up/increases voltage, what happens to amperage? a- increases b- decreases c- no change
b- decreases
when you increase mA, what happens to your exposure time? a- increases b- decreases
b- decreases
which skull morphology is described as "long front-to-back and narrow side-to-side" with a 40-degree angle? a- mesocephalic b- dolichocephalic c- brachycephalic
b- dolichocephalic
what does EBE mean? a- thermionic emission b- electron binding energy c- dose area product d- number of x-rays produced at the tube
b- electron binding energy
in an AP ankle, which bone projects lower? tibia or fibula a- tibia b- fibula
b- fibula
what 2 components make up the cathode? a- cathode and filament b- filament wires and focusing cup c- electrons and filament d- target
b- filament wires and focusing cup
how do you convert inches to centimeters? a- inches x 5 b- inches x 2.5 c- inches x 1
b- inches x 2.5
wavelength and frequency are.... a- directly proportionate b- inversely proportionate
b- inversely proportionate
the scaphoid is ____________ to the pisiform? a- medial b- lateral c- anterior d- posterior
b- lateral
in the pa axial skull projection, where do the petrous ridges/pyramids lie? a- fill the orbits b- lower third of the orbits c- inferior to maxillary sinuses
b- lower third of the orbits
what charge does the cathode get? a- positive, positive electrode b- negative, negative electrode c- neutral, neutral electrode
b- negative, negative electrode
what is the CR for the waters method? a- perp., exit nasion b- perp., exit acanthion c- perp., exit glabella
b- perp., exit acanthion
after ionization, the atom carries what type of charge? a- negative charge b- positive charge
b- positive charge
if the patient is lying supine, what position are they in? a- anterior/ventral b- posterior/dorsal
b- posterior/dorsal
what does this describe: the path of the central ray... a- position b- projection c- view
b- projection
mA relates to: a- quality, wavelength, penetrability, energy, quantity b- rate, intensity, dose, quantity c- dose, quality, rate, penetrability
b- rate, intensity, dose, quantity
turn ratio refers to: a- primary coils : secondary coils b- secondary coils : primary coils
b- secondary coils : primary coils
what is the difference between electromagnetic and particulate radiation? a- frequency b- source of origin c- speed of x-rays
b- source of origin
what transformer steps down voltage? a- step up b- step down
b- step down
to find out the energy of a characteristic x-rays, what do you do? a- divide the k-shell with the shell fills it (l,m,n, etc.) b- subtract the k-shell with the shell that fills it (l,m,n, etc.) c- multiply the k-shell with the shell that fills it (l,m,n, etc.)
b- subtract the k-shell with the shell that fills it (l,m,n, etc.)
AP Axial for the skull is often referred to as: a- caldwell b- towne c- haas
b- towne
________________: consists of a core, primary coil where electricity comes into, and a secondary where the electricity comes out a- circuit b- transformer c- x-ray tube d- electromagnetic induction
b- transformer
the ap axial reverse caldwell is often referred to as... a- traditional b- trauma
b- trauma
if the primary side of the transformer has 5 turns and the secondary side of the transformer has 10 turns, what will happen to the voltage? a- decreases by half b- voltage will increase by double c- will remain the same d- voltage will decrease slightly
b- voltage will increase by double
Which of the following positions would demonstrate the right lumbar zygapophyseal articulations closest to the IR? a. LPO b. RPO c. RAO d. LAO
b. RPO
when taking an examination of the hand at 60 kVp, what is the range of energies? a- 60 only b- 60-100 c- 0-60 d- 25-60
c- 0-60
what is the voltage produced by a transformer receiving 220 V if the primary side has 100 turns and the secondary side has 10,000 turns? a- 2,000 b- 200 c- 22,000 d- 4400
c- 22,000 (200 = 10,000/100)
at 90 kVp, what percentage of x-rays are Brems? a- 15% b- 30% c- 85% d- 90%
c- 85%
Which of the following projections of the ankle would best demonstrate the distal tibiofibular joint? a- ap oblique medial 15-20 degrees b- ap oblique lateral 15-20 degrees c- ap oblique medial 45-degrees d- ap oblique lateral 45-degrees
c- ap oblique medial 45-degrees
what is an everyday example of direct current? a- transformer b- circuits c- battery
c- battery
which skull morphology is described as "short front-to-back and wide side-to-side" with a 54-degree angle? a- mesocephalic b- dolichocephalic c- brachycephalic
c- brachycephalic
where are the petrous ridges/pyramids located for the parietoacanthial waters? a- filling the orbits b- lower 3rd of orbits c- inferior to max sinuses
c- inferior to max sinuses
what is the material that makes up the focusing cup? a- tungsten b- rhenium c- molybdenum d- pyrex
c- molybdenum
The prefix iatr- means: a- home b- hospital c- physician
c- physician
what do you see in an AP Axial Towne for the skull? a- occipital bone and parietal bone b- occipital bone c- posterior clinoid process and the dorsum sellae in the foramen magnum
c- posterior clinoid process and the dorsum sellae in the foramen magnum
the scaphoid is _________ to the hamate? a- medial b- lateral c- proximal d- distal
c- proximal
what is the name of the process where electrons are boiled off? a- mAs b- kVp c- thermionic emission
c- thermionic emission
what material makes up the anode target? a- rhenium b- tungsten c- tungsten with rhenium d- pyrex
c- tungsten with rhenium
what does this describe: body part as seen by the image receptor? a- position b- projection c- view
c- view
what is the unit of electric potential? a- ampere b- amperage c- volt/voltage
c- volt/voltage
when are you allowed to use immobilization technique on a child? a- when authorized by tech b- when authorized by the parent c- when authorized by physician d- when authorized by supervisor
c- when authorized by physician
the atomic number is also known as: a- k number b- m number c- z number
c- z number
systemic
concerns a (body) system.
amount of electric charge flowing per second
current
examples of genetic conditions that may be increased by radiation exposure: cystic fibrosis heart disease sickle cell anemia down syndrome hydrocephalus
cystic fibrosis heart disease sickle cell anemia down syndrome hydrocephalus
Common blood vessels utilized for pulse detection are 1. Radial 2. Parietal 3. Dorsalis pedis 4. Temporal a- 2 only b- 1 and 4 only c- 1, 2, and 3 only d- 1, 3, and 4 only
d- 1, 3, and 4 only
using the turns ratio formula, what is the turns ratio for a transformer having 40 primary turns and 4,000 secondary turns? a- 10:1 b- 40:1 c- 4:1 d- 100:1
d- 100:1
what is the EBE of the l-shell? a- 15 b- 10 c- 5 d- 12
d- 12
what is the turns ratio for a transformer that has 50,000 turns on the primary side and 1000 turns on the secondary side? a- 500:1 b- 1:500 c- 50:1 d- 1:50
d- 1:50
what is the purpose of doing the modified waters method? a- colles fx b- jones fc c- dislocations d- blowout fx
d- blowout fx
vs (secondary voltage)/vp (primary voltage) = ns (# of secondary turns)/np (# of primary turns) this formula is for finding out what? a- autotransformer voltage b- transformer strength c- change in amperage d- change in voltage
d- change in voltage
which refers to common bile duct? a- chole- b- cholecysto- c- cholangio- d- choledocho-
d- choledocho-
the fibula is located ________ and _________ to the tibia a- posterior and inferior b- posterior and superior c- anterior and inferior d- lateral and anterior e- medial and anterior
d- lateral and anterior
the symphysis of the mandible is also called... a- pubic b- mentho c- mento d- mentum
d- mentum
a procedure in which a thin needle is inserted directly into the common bile duct? a- surgical cholangio b- t-tube cholangio c- IV cholangio d- percutaneous transhepatic cholangio
d- percutaneous transhepatic cholangio
a device to brain bile from the hepatic and common bile ducts to the outside of the body following cholecystectomy is called... a- trocar b- stent c- penrose drain d- t-tube
d- t-tube
cystogram is the study of... a- gallbladder b- kidneys c- urinary bladder d- cycstic duct
d- urinary bladder
orthopnea
difficulty breathing when lying down
the tibia is located _______ and ___________ to the fibula a- posterior and inferior b- posterior and superior c- anterior and inferior d- lateral and anterior e- medial and anterior
e- medial and anterior
ERCP stands for
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
b- rotate less to move head away from spine
how do you fix this pa oblique scapular y? a- rotate more to bring head into spine b- rotate less to move head away from spine c- nothing is wrong with this image d- use breathing technique
what is the structure that controls passage of food from the small bowel into the large bowel? vermiform appendix ileocecal valve cecum ligament of treitz
ileocecal valve
An increase in kilovoltage with appropriate compensation of milliampere-seconds will result in increased part penetration. higher contrast. increased receptor exposure.
increased part penetration. (if you increase kV, and mAs is decreased to compensate for kV, receptor exposure will remain the same)
Parenteral injections include:
intradermal subcutaneous transdermal intra-arterial intrathecal
possible side effect of iodinated contrast media injected into the vascular system... itching metallic taste shaking wheezing
metallic taste
Enteral route
movement of drugs from the outside of the body to the inside using the gastrointestinal tract
neither, same velocity
out of these two waveforms, which has a higher velocity? a b neither, same velocity
a
out of these two waveforms, which would represent a lower kVp, such as 60 kVp? a b both have the same neither
a contrast medium that absorbs more radiation than the organ itself is termed: positive agent negative agent single contrast agent osmolality agent
positive agent
what is an autoclave?
pressurized steam. probably the most familiar means of sterilization; the pressure allows higher temperatures to be achieved.
iatrogenic
produced by a physician
beneficence
refers to bringing about good or benefiting others
fidelity
refers to faithfulness
Nonmalficence
refers to the prevention of harm
Conditions in which there is a lack of normal bone calcification include rickets. osteomalacia. osteoarthritis.
rickets. osteomalacia. (both are related to bone softening)
Possible responses to irradiation in utero include spontaneous abortion congenital anomalies childhood malignancies
spontaneous abortion congenital anomalies childhood malignancies
Hemovac or Penrose drains are used for....
tissue drainage of wounds or postoperative drainage.
idiopathic
unknown cause
the potential difference existing between two points
voltage
aqueous iodine compound
water soluble sterile contrast agent
in utero
womb, uterus
electromagnetic energy
x-rays, gamma rays