KHP 415 final
hinge joints have how many axes or degrees of freedom? a. none b. 1 c. 2 d. 3
b. 1
in the absence of external torque, which of the following will increase when moment of inertia decreases? a. angular momentum b. angular velocity c. both a and b d. none
b. angular velocity
which of the following is a characteristic of torque? a a. vector quantity b. characterized by magnitude c. characterized by direction d. all
b. characterized by magnate
metacarpophalangeal joints 2 - 5 are what type of joints? a. hinge b. condyloid c. saddle d. none
b. condyloid
When knee flexion is increased, what happens to the moment of inertia of the leg about the hip? a. increased b. decreased c. remains the same d. need more info
b. decreased
toque is the angular analogue of what? a. momentum b. force c. mass d. impulse
b. force
torque is the angular analogue of what? a. momentum b. force c. mass d. impulse
b. force
which of the following is part of the appendicular skeleton? a. skull b. humerus c. sternum d. all
b. humerus
how do bones typically respond to stress? a. atrophy b. hypertrophy c. no change, as long as the epiphysis has sealed d. impossible to predict
b. hypertrophy
where is the weakest point in the femur? a. head b. neck c. shaft d. greater trochanter
b. neck
specialized bone cells that build new bone tissue are called what? a. periosteum b. osteoblasts c. osteoclasts d. epiphysis
b. osteoblasts
which of the following inserts on the patella? a. hamstrings b. quadriceps c. both A and B d. none
b. quadriceps
a goniomenter is used to directly measure what? a. muscle flexibility b. joint range of motion c. both A and B d. none
b. range of motion
the tarsals are examples of what type of bones? a. long bones b. short bones c. flat bones d. irregular bones
b. short bones
which of the following terms is defined as deformation divided by original length? a. stress b. strain c. strength d. elasticity
b. strain
the biceps brachia is strongest and most effective as an elbow flexor when the forearm is in what position? a. neutral b. supinated c. pronated d. does not matter
b. supinated
which connective tissue attaches muscle to bone? a. ligament b. tendon c. both d. none
b. tendon
which of the following is not true about the rotator cuff muscles? a.they work together with the deltoid for extension b. they work together to hold the head of the humerus in glenoid fossa c. they work together both with the deltoid for extension and to hold the head of humerus in glenoid fossa d. none of the choices are true about rotator cuff muscles
b. they work together both with the deltoid for extension and to hold the head of humerus in glenoid foss
what happens when osteoclast activity exceeds osteoblast activity? a. bone mass increases b. bone modeling c. bone mass decreases d. none
c. bone mass decreases
which of the following quantities is zero for an object in static equilibrium? a. momentum b. kinetic energy c. both d. neither
c. both
which of the following statements is/ are true regarding the strength of bone? a. cortical bone can withstand more stress than trabecular bone b. trabecular bone can withstand more strain than cortical bone c. both d. neither
c. both
which of the following statements regarding bone growth is true? a. longitudinal growth continues only as long as the epiphyses exist b. circumferential growth continues throughout most of the lifespan c. both d. neither
c. both
what is/are the purpose(s) of the scapula muscles? a. stabilize the scapula b. move the scapula c. both A and B d. none
c. both A and B
which of the following could activate the muscle spindles? a. knee jerk test b. ballistic stretching c. both A and B d. none
c. both A and B
cortical bone is strongest in resisting which type of stress? a. tensile stress b. shear stress c. compressive stress d. none
c. compressive stress
which of the following does NOT increase stability? a. lower the COG b. increase size of base support c. decrease mass d. increase friction
c. decrease mass
which of the following is an example of a uniaxial or hinge joint? a. hip b. carpals c. elbow d. base of thumb
c. elbow
which of the following are accurate units for moment inertia? a. N x m b. N x m^2 c. kg x m^2 d. kg x m
c. kg x m^2
when a cyclist rounds a curve, where does centripetal force act? a. on the cyclist's center of gravity b. on the cycle's center of gravity c. on the tires of the cycle d. on the ground
c. leg morphology does not matter
rotating around which of the following principal axes of rotation has the least moment of inertia? a. transverse (frontal) b. anteroposterior (sagittal) c. longitudinal d. need more information
c. longitudinal
moment of inertia is angular analogue of what? a. moment of force b. moment of time c. mass d. surface area
c. mass
the perpendicular distance between the line of force and the axis defines what? a. torque b. fulcrum c. moment arm d. none
c. moment arm
which of the following muscles serves to 'unlock' the knee from full extension? a. plantaris b. gracilis c. popliteus d. sartorius
c. popliteus
the knee is an example of which type joint? a. fibrous b. synarthroses c. synovial d. ampiarthroses
c. synovial
which of the following statements is/ are true? a. the hip is more stable than the shoulder b. the shoulder has more range of motion than the hip c. both A and B d. none
c. the hip is more stable than the shoulder and the shoulder has more range of motion than the hip
which of the following is/are two- joint muscle(s)? a. recuts femoris b. biceps femoris c. souls d. both A and B e. all
d. both A and B
which of the following components of bone provides it with flexibility? a. water b. calcium carbonate c. calcium phosphate d. collagen
d. collagen
which of the efolloinwg is NOT a hamstring muscle? a. semimembranosus b. semitendinosus c. biceps femoris d. gluteus maximus
d. gluteus maximus
which of the following variables contribute to moment of inertia? a. F and d b. T and t c. M and v d. m and d
d. m and d
which of the following will benefit mobility? a. increase mass b. increase base of support c. increase friction d. raise center of gravity
d. raise center of gravity
which of the following is an example of a flat bone? a. talus b. maxilla c. radius d. scapula
d. scapula
which of the following is part of the *axial skeleton*? a. skull b. vertebrae c. sternum d. all
d. sternum
which type of fracture results from repeated loading of relatively low magnitude? a. spiral b. impacted c. depressed d. stress
d. stress
which of the these muscles is not a mover of the humerus? a. biceps brachii b. coracobrachialis c. deltoid d. trapezius
d. trapezius
which of the following terms does not fit the others? a. carpals b. short bones c. gliding movements d. uniaxial
d. uniaxial
which of the following is an irregular bone? a. radius b. rib c. femur d. vertebrae
d. vertebrae
the water content of bone makes up approximately what percentage of the total bone weight? a. 5 - 10% b. 15 - 20% c. 25 - 30% d. 40 - 50%
c. 25 - 30%
as arm elevation proceeds ______ degrees the scapula potatoes approximately 1 degree for every 2 degrees of movement of the humerus a. 10 b. 20 c. 30 d. 60 e. none
c. 30
in the human body, most of the lever systems formed by muscles pulling on bones are what class? a. 1st class b. 2nd class c. 3rd class d. none
c. 3rd class
the resistance arm (RA) will always be longer than the force arm (FA) in what class lever? a. 1st class b. 2nd class c. 3rd class d. none
c. 3rd class
pronation and supination of the forearm occur at which of the following joints? a. proximal radioulnar joint b. distal radioulnar joint c. both A and B d. none
c. Both A and B
which of the following are accurate units for centripetal force? a. kg x m^2/s b. kg x deg^2/s c. N d. N - kg x m
c. N
a fracture cased by a tendon or ligament pulling a small chip of bone away from the rest of the bone is called what? a. simple fracture b. compound fracture c. avulsion fracture d. spiral fracture
c. avulsion fracture
which of the following is not a rotator cuff muscle? a. teres major b. infraspinatus c. subscapularis e. all
A. teres major
the amount of torque which must by generated by the biceps brachii at the elbow in order to maintain the arm in a particular position is 50 Nm. IF the bicep attaches to the radius at a perpendicular distance of 3 cm from the joint center at the elbow, how much force must the muscle produce? a. 1667 N b. 17 N c. 150 N d. 1.5 N
a. 1667 N
a seesaw is an example of which class of lever? a. 1st class b. 2nd class c. 3rd class d. not a lever
a. 1st class
the statement 'a rotating body will painting a state of constant angular motion unless acted on by an external torque' refers to which of the following? a. Newton's 1st law b. Newton's 2nd law c. Newton's 3rd law d. none
a. Newton's 1st Law
if total body angular momentum is 0, what will happen as the result of a forceful movement such as a spike? a. compensatory rotation in lower body in opposite direction b. rotation in upper body called follow- through c. angular momentum is no longer 0 d. all
a. compensatory rotation in lower body in opposite direction
the hip joint is the articulation between the _________ and the _________ a. femur, acetabulum b. femur, spine c. femur, tibia d. none
a. femur, acetabulum
somersaulting occurs around which of the following axes of rotation? a. frontal b. sagittal c. longitudinal d. all
a. frontal
if a diver goes from a full layout position to a tuck position, what will happen to her angular velocity? a. increase b. decrease c. remain the same d. need more info
a. increase
what will happen to the COM of a human body if the arms are raised up overhead? a. it will move up c. it will move down c. it will not change d. need more info
a. it will move up
why is the bat easier to swing if you grip the barrel instead of the handle? a. k is reduced b. k is increased c. moment of inertia is increased d. easier to grip the barrel
a. k is reduced
what are the appropriate units for angular momentum? a. kg x m^2/s b. kg^2 x m/s c. kg^2 x m/s d. kg x m^2
a. kg x m^2 /s
regarding moment of inertia of the leg with respect to the hip. which of the following leg morphologies would favor a sprinter? a. massive thighs and slimmer lower legs b. massive lower legs and slimmer thighs c. leg morphology does not matter d. need more information
a. massive thighs and slimmer lower legs
the relative efficiency of a lever is proportional to which of the following? a. mechanical advantage of the lever b. length of the force arm c. length of the resistance arm d. the amount of force needed to move the lever
a. mechanical advantage of the lever
the stretch reflex, or mitotic reflex is provoked by activation of which of the following in a stretched muscle? a. muscle spindle b. golgi tendon organ c. both d. neither
a. muscle spindle
The strong layer of fibrous tissue which covers the plantar muscles of the foot is called what? a. plantar fascia b. plantar flexion c. longitudinal ligament d. plantar interossei
a. plantar fascia
movement of the hand at the wrist toward the thumb side of the arm (frontal plane) is known as which of the following? a. radial deviation b. ulnar deviation c. abduction d. adduction
a. radial deviation
why do sprint coaches stress 'heel to buttocks' during sprinting? a. reduces momentum of inertia of the leg with respect to the hip b. reduces moment of initiate of the lower leg with respect to the knee c. reduces moment of inertia of the foot with respect to the ankle d. not enough evidence
a. reduces momentum of inertia of the leg with respect to the hip
which of the following does not attach to the calcaneus? a. sartorius b. gastrocenimus c. planters d. soleus
a. sartorius
when a skiers body rotates in a direction opposite of the foot (held steady by the boot), what type of fracture is likely in the tibia? a. spiral b. impacted c. depressed d. stress
a. spiral
when a muscle contracts at a joint, which of the following affects torque? a. the rotary component of muscle force b. the stabilizing component of muscle force c. the dislocating component of muscle force d. none
a. the rotary component of muscle force
The large range of movement of the thumb compared to that of the fingers is derived from the structure of which of the following? a. the thumb's carpometacarpal joint b. the thumb's intermetacarpal joint c. the thumb's metacarpophalangeal joint d. all
a. the thumb's carpometacarpal
which statement is/ are true? a. when muscles are fatigued, ligaments are at a greater risk of injury b. when ligaments are fatigued, muscles are at a greater risk of injury c. both A and B d. neither
a. when muscles are fatigued, ligaments are at a greater risk of injury
a 30 kg child sits on the right end of a seesaw 1 m from the axis. If a 20 kg child sits on the left end of the seesaw 2 m from the axis, what will happen? a. tilt to the right b. tilt to the left c. balance d. need more info
b. title to the left
which of the following terms is used to describe bone with relatively high porosity? a. cortical b. trabecular c. spongy d. all
b. trabecular
joint stability is affected by which of the following? a. shape of the articulating bones b. arrangement and size of ligaments c. area of contact between the bones d. all
d. all
range of motion at a joint is influenced by which of the following? a. shape of the articulating surfaces b. relative laxity and extensibility of the muscles crossing the joint c. joint capsule d. all
d. all
what is the result when a ligament is stretched beyond its elastic limit? a. a sprain occurs b. joint stability may be compromised c. ligament is permanently elongated d. all
d. all
which of the following actives may promote the development of rotator cuff impingement syndrome? a. throwing b. swimming c. serving in tennis d. all
d. all
which of the following affects the force generating capability of a muscle? a. the muscle length and cross- sectional area b. the angle and distance from the joint center of the tendon attachment to bone c. the velocity of muscle shortening d. all
d. all
which of the following is associated with triaxial joint? a. ball and socket b. 3 axes c. hip d. all
d. all
which of the following is/ are true about the menisci in the knee joint? a. made of cartilage b. larger surface are to distribute load c. absorb shock d. all
d. all
which of the following is/are factor(s) influencing joint flexibility? a. age b. gender c. temperature d. all
d. all
which of the following must be true for an object to be in a state of static equilibrium? a. the sum of all vertical forces acting on the object must be equal to zero b. the sum of all horizontal forces acting on the object must be equal to zero c. the sum of all torques acting on the object must be equal to zero d. all
d. all
which of the following statement regarding mechanical advantage (MA) is true? a. MA is always larger than 1 in class 2 lever b. MA is always less than 1 in class 3 lever c. MA is always equal to 1 in class 1 lever d. all are true
d. all
how can a cyclist maintain balance when rounding a sharp curve? a. slow down b. lean to the inside of the curve c. lean to the outside of the curve d. both A and B e. none
d. both A and B
loss of bone mass has been found in which of the following? a. bed- ridden patients b. astronauts c. tennis players d. both A and B e. all
d. both A and B
third class lever systems favor which of the following? a. speed b. range of motion c. strength d. both A and B e. all
d. both A and B
which of the following has significant contribution to joint stiffness? a. joint capsule including ligaments b. muscle and their fascicle sheaths c. tendons d. both A and B
d. both A and B
which of the following are characteristics of diarthrodial joints? a. articulating bone surfaces are covered with articular cartilage b. an articular capsule surrounds the joint c. they are lubricated by synovial fluid d. both A and B e. all
e. all
which of the following is true regarding bursitis? a. overuse injury b. frictional irritation in one or more bursa c. inflammation d. both A and B e. all
e. all
which of the following is/ are characteristics of bursae? a. they are associated with synovial joints b. they separate tendons from bones to reduce friction c. they separate skin from bones to reduce friction d. A and B e. all
e. all
which statement is true regarding moment? a. moment arm is largest when the angle of pull on bone is 90 degrees b. changes in moment arm directly affect joint muscle torque c. for torque to remain constant more force must be produced when moment arm decreases d. both A and B e. all
e. all
