Kidney

b) aldosterone

Potassium ion secretion along the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct is stimulated by: a) ADH. b) aldosterone. c) ANP. d) EPO. e) cortisol.

d) renal corpuscle

Production of filtrate occurs at the ___________. a) collecting duct b) proximal convoluted tubule c) nephron loop d) renal corpuscle

d) proximal convoluted tubule

Reabsorption of glucose occurs mostly in the: a) nephron loop. b) renal corpuscle. c) renal sinus. d) proximal convoluted tubule. distal convoluted tubule.

c) collecting system

Regulation of the amounts of water, sodium ions, and potassium ions lost in the urine occurs between the nephron loop and the ________. a) renal corpuscle b) proximal convoluted tubule c) collecting system d) distal convoluted tubule e) Bowman's capsule

d) bands of the renal cortex that extend toward the renal sinus.

Renal columns are: a) conical-shaped structures that are located in the renal medulla. b) the basic functional units of the kidney. c) the expanded ends of the ureters. d) bands of the renal cortex that extend toward the renal sinus. e) internal cavities of the fibrous capsule located in the area of the hilus.

c) nephron

The basic functional unit in the kidney is the _________________. a) hilum b) renal cortex c) nephron d) renal medulla

e) absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water.

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is a) secretion of acids and ammonia. b) adjustment of urine volume. c) secretion of drugs. d) filtration. e) absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water.

d) distal convoluted tubule.

ADH promotes increased water permeability of the: a) minor calyx. b) proximal convoluted tubule. c) papillary duct. d) distal convoluted tubule. e) loop of Henle.

6-4-1-3-7-5-8-2

Choose the correct order of components thru which the initial filtrate of urine flows from the renal corpuscle and is conducted to the urethra to be excreted as urine.

c) absorption; loss

Electrolyte balance primarily involves balancing the rates of ________ across the digestive tract with rates of ________ at the kidneys. a) osmosis; gain b) secretion; filtration c) absorption; loss d) excretion; secretion e) filtration; absorption

c) renal artery, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, cortical radiate arteries, afferent arterioles, glomerulus, efferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries

Identify the correct sequence of blood flow through the kidneys from the renal artery to the peritubular capillaries a) renal artery, interlobar arteries, afferent arterioles, glomerulus, arcuate arteries, efferent arterioles, radiate arteries, peritubular capillaries b) renal artery, glomerulus, arcuate arteries, interlobar arteries, cortical radiate arteries, efferent arterioles, afferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries c) renal artery, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, cortical radiate arteries, afferent arterioles, glomerulus, efferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries d) renal artery, interlobar arteries, cortical arteries, arcuate arteries, efferent arterioles, afferent arterioles, glomerulus, peritubular capillaries

d) collecting duct, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

Identify the correct sequence of the urine pathway leading to the outside of the body, starting with the collecting duct: a) collecting duct, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urethra, urinary bladder b) collecting duct, major calyx, minor calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra c) collecting duct, major calyx, minor calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urethra, urinary bladder d) collecting duct, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

b) red blood cells

In a healthy individual, which of the following is NOT part of the filtrate entering the capsular space? a) fatty acids b) red blood cells c) vitamins d) glucose

b) urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions

In response to decreased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys would likely produce: a) urine with a lower concentration of potassium ions. b) urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions. c) a normal volume of urine. d) urine with less urea. e) urine with a normal pH average of 6.

a) reabsorption of half of the remaining water, as well as two-thirds of the sodium and chloride ions remaining in the tubular fluid, occurs

In the loop of Henle: a) reabsorption of half of the remaining water, as well as two-thirds of the sodium and chloride ions remaining in the tubular fluid, occurs. b) final adjustments are made in the composition and concentration of the tubular fluid. c) ion pumps, which respond to aldosterone, exist. d) reabsorption of ions, amino acids, water, and other organic nutrients is its primary function. e) active secretion of acids, ammonia, and drugs occurs.

b) reabsorb organic nutrients, plasma proteins, and ions from the tubular fluid and release them into the interstitial fluid.

The cells lining the proximal convoluted tubule: a) are unusually tall, and their nuclei are clustered together. b) reabsorb organic nutrients, plasma proteins, and ions from the tubular fluid and release them into the interstitial fluid. c) reabsorb water and reabsorb or secrete sodium, potassium, hydrogen, and bicarbonate ions to determine the final osmotic concentration and volume of the urine. d) are not permeable to water and solutes. e) are closely associated with unusual smooth muscle fibers.

d) renal pelvis.

The large, funnel-shaped chamber that connects to the ureter is called the: a) medulla. b) calyx. c) nephron. d) renal pelvis. e) renal column.

b) Both the internal and external urethral sphincters are relaxed

Urine ejection cannot occur unless which event(s) takes place? a) Only the internal urethral sphincter is contracted. b) Both the internal and external urethral sphincters are relaxed. c) The internal urethral sphincter is contracted, and the external urethral sphincter is relaxed. d) The internal urethral sphincter is relaxed, and the external urethral sphincter is contracted. e) Both the internal and external urethral sphincters are contracted.

c) urinary bladder.

Urine is temporarily stored by the: a) urethra. b) kidney. c) urinary bladder. d) liver. e) ureter.

c) osmosis

Water reabsorption occurs passively through the process of ________. a) simple diffusion b) pinocytosis c) osmosis d) facilitated diffusion active transport

c) ureters

What connects the kidneys to the bladder? a) urethra b) urinary ducts c) ureters d) urinary tubes

e) less urine is produced

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) increases: a) the water content of urine increases. b) the rate of sodium ion reabsorption in the DCT decreases. c) the sensation of thirst is inhibited. d) less water is reabsorbed by the nephron and collecting duct. e) less urine is produced.

a) secretion of ammonia

Which of the following does NOT occur in the proximal convoluted tubule? a) secretion of ammonia b) osmosis causes water to leave the tubules c) reabsorption of organic molecules d) all of the above occur in the proximal convoluted tubule

a) regulating body temperature

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system? a) regulating body temperature b) controlling blood ion concentration c) maintaining a stable blood pH d) regulating blood pressure

b) regulating blood glucose levels

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system? a) regulating plasma concentrations of ions b) regulating blood glucose levels c) stabilizing blood pH d) conserving valuable nutrients

b) active secretion of ions, acids, drugs, and toxins

Which of the following is a primary function of the distal convoluted tubule? a) filtration of plasma to initiate urine formation b) active secretion of ions, acids, drugs, and toxins c) reabsorption of water from the tubular fluid d) conduction of urine to the minor calices e) adjusts the tubular fluid's composition and determines the final osmotic concentration and volume of the urine

b) urea

Which of the following is routinely found in the urine of a healthy individual? a) glucose b) urea c) bacteria d) both bacteria and glucose are correct

d) renal corpuscle, PCT, nephron loop, DCT, collecting duct

Which of the following is the correct flow through the nephron? a) collecting duct, DCT, nephron loop, PCT, renal corpuscle b) renal corpuscle, nephron loop, PCT, DCT, collecting duct c) PCT, nephron loop, DCT, collecting duct, renal corpuscle d) renal corpuscle, PCT, nephron loop, DCT, collecting duct

d) liver

Which of the following organs is NOT part of the urinary system? a) urethra b) kidney c) urinary bladder d) liver

b) Water reabsorption mainly occurs in the ascending loop of Henle.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a) Secretion mainly occurs in the distal convoluted tubule. b) Water reabsorption mainly occurs in the ascending loop of Henle. c) Nutrient reabsorption mainly occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule. d) Filtration only occurs in the renal corpuscle

d) changes in the diameter of the glomerular capillaries regulate glomerular blood pressure

Which of the following statements is true? a) glomerular filtration rate is the amount of filtrate produced in the kidneys each hour b) filtration pressure at the glomerulus is the lowest in the body c) the sympathetic system increases urine production d) changes in the diameter of the glomerular capillaries regulate glomerular blood pressure

a) stimulation of stretch receptors in the urinary bladder initiates the micturition reflex

Which of the following statements is true? a) stimulation of stretch receptors in the urinary bladder initiates the micturition reflex b) voluntary relaxation of the internal sphincter causes urination c) contraction of the detrusor muscle decreases bladder pressure d) the micturition reflex cannot generate enough pressure to cause involuntary urination

b) collecting duct Once filtrate moves from the DCT into the collecting duct, it is considered urine.

a) PCT b) collecting duct c) DCT d) nephron loop

b) interlobar artery

a) cortical radiate artery b) interlobar artery c) adrenal artery d) renal artery

d) glomerulus

a) peritubular capillary b) glomerular capsule c) afferent arteriole d) glomerulus

a) urethra The male urethra is about 7-8 inches in the male.

a) urethra, b) collecting duct, c) ureter, d) bladder