kin 2500 ch 22
Alpha and beta cells in the endocrine portion of the pancreas: 1. can be found in the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) 2. secrete their hormones into the pancreatic duct 3 secrete hormones that regulate calcium levels in the body 4. are responsible for maintaining homeostatic levels of glucose 5. aid in the production of enzymes used for protein digestion
1 and 4
The ability of a hormone to affect the activities of a particular cell depends on that cell having specific receptors with which the hormone molecules can bind. The number of receptors present in a target cell is a constant, invariable number. which statements are t/f
1st is true; 2nd is false
A basilar skull fracture which injures the hypophyseal fossa (seat of the sella turcica) of the sphenoid bone will directly affect the release of: a) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) also called vasopressin b) calcitonin c) aldosterone d) All of these choices.
a
The two lobes of the thyroid gland are joined by a mass of tissue called the _____. a) isthmus b) parathyroid c) infundibulum d) follicle
a
Which of the following are NOT a part of the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)? a) acini b) alpha cells c) beta cells d) F-cells
a
Which of the following is an adrenal gland hormone that is essential for life? a) aldosterone b) norepinephrine (NE) c) insulin d) epinephrine
a
Which of the following is the major integrating link between the nervous and endocrine systems? a) hypothalamus b) anterior pituitary c) thalamus d) pineal e) posterior pituitary
a
The adrenal gland functions as two separate endocrine glands: the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla. Which ones effects mimic the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
adrenal medulla
In the adrenal cortex, zona glomerulosa cells secrete
aldosterone
Hypothalamic hormones travel via the primary plexus, the hypophyseal portal veins, and the secondary plexus, where they diffuse into the _____.
anterior pituitary
The hormone that functions to promote development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics is: a) follicle-stimulating hormone. b) testosterone. c) luteinizing hormone. d) human growth hormone.
b
The hypophyseal portal veins: a) supply blood to the primary plexus capillaries in the base of the hypothalamus. b) carry hypothalamic hormones to the anterior pituitary. c) receive anterior pituitary hormones as they are secreted. d) receive posterior pituitary hormones via the plexus of the infundibular process.
b
The pituitary gland consists of two anatomically and functionally separate portions; the smaller _____ is composed of _____ tissue. a) posterior pituitary; glandular b) posterior pituitary; neural c) anterior pituitary; glandular d) anterior pituitary; neural
b
Thyroxine (T4) is a hormone that: a) is produced by parafollicular cells ( C cells). b) is secreted along with T3 into the follicles of the thyroid gland. c) is also known as triiodothyronine. d) causes myxedema when produced in excess.
b
Which of the following are NOT direct targets of anterior pituitary hormones? a) mammary glands b) kidneys c) thyroid gland d) adrenal cortex
b
Which of the following is NOT a cell type of the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)? a) beta b) acini c) F d) delta
b
"Tired OR Wired" can be thought of as a quick reference to thyroid gland dysfunctions. Thyroid gland disturbances will directly affect which homeostatic condition? a) sodium levels b) levels of circulating corticosteroids c) metabolic rate d) maturation of T lymphocytes
c
Parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland produce the hormone _____, which helps to regulate the level of _____ in the blood. a) parathromone; potassium b) calcitonin; sodium c) calcitonin; calcium d) PTH; calcium
c
The endocrine gland that produces hormones that mediate the proliferation and maturation of T cells of the immune system is the _____. a) pancreas b) pineal c) thymus d) thyroid
c
Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) are produced by: a) parafollicular cells (C cells) b) chief (principal) cells c) follicular cells d) oxyphil cells
c
Which endocrine gland is part of the epithalamus? a) pituitary b) hypothalamus c) pineal d) thymus
c
Which endocrine gland receives its blood supply from suprarenal arteries? a) thymus b) ovary c) adrenal d) testicle
c
Parafollicular (C cells) cells secrete ____
calcitonin
_____ cells of the adrenal gland have the same embryonic origin as all sympathetic postganglionic neurons.
chromaffin
_____ cells secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine (NE).
chromaffin
Hormones affect a target cell by binding to specific hormone _____ on the cell membrane or in its interior. a) carbohydrates b) cholesterols c) lipids d) receptors e) glycoproteins
d
Somatotrophs are cells located in the _____ which secrete _____. a) posterior pituitary; oxytocin (OT) b) anterior pituitary; thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) c) hypothalamus; adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) d) anterior pituitary; human growth hormone (hGH)
d
The _____ is the main link between the nervous system and the endocrine system, due to its control over secretory activities of the _____ gland. a) thalamus, pituitary b) hypothalamus, thyroid c) brain stem, thyroid d) hypothalamus, pituitary
d
The following gland arises from ectoderm: a) thyroid. b) pancreas. c) thymus. d) adrenal medulla.
d
Which of the following pairs of terms is INCORRECTLY matched? a) insulin; secreted by beta cells b) glucagon; secreted by alpha cells c) somatostatin; secreted by delta cells d) pancreatic polypeptide; inhibits secretion of insulin and glucagon
d
space or fluid in which you would NOT expect to find a hormone
duct
Adipose cells secrete leptin which functions to increase appetite.
false
Endocrine portions of the pancreas are called acini.
false
Oxyphil cells make up most of the volume of a normal parathyroid gland and are primarily responsible for producing parathyroid hormone (PTH), also called parathormone.
false
The parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland produce thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
false
The pituitary (hypophysis) and adrenal glands are similar in that each gland has two distinct regions: one that develops from ectoderm, and one that develops from endoderm.
false
The quantity of hormone produced by an endocrine gland varies, but the number of receptors on its target tissues remains stable.
false
Thymosin and other thymic hormones influence the maturation of B cells (B-lymphocytes) in the thymus gland.
false
t/f: Parathyroid hormone (Parathormone) is produced by the follicular cells of the parathyroid gland.
false
t/f: The two hormones produced by the testes are testosterone and relaxin.
false
t/f: Thyroid follicular cells secrete calcitonin.
false
hormones has the ovaries and testes as its target tissue
follicle- stimulating hormone
In the pancreas, alpha cells secrete
glucagon
_____ secrete follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
gonadotrophs
The infundibulum attaches the _____ to the _____.
hypothalamus; pituitary gland
The pineal gland hormone that helps regulate the body's biological clock is _____
melatonin
Estrogens are produced by cells in the: 1. ovaries. 2. placenta. 3. adrenal cortex.
ovaries and placenta
The hormone inhibin is produced by the: 1. ovaries. 2. testes. 3. pancreas.
ovaries and testes
Milk production in the mammary glands is initiated by
prolactin
The pineal gland is located near the roof of the _____ ventricle of the brain.
third
Thyrotrophs secrete TSH, the hormone that controls the ____
thyroid gland
Cortisol, the main glucocorticoid from the zona fasciculata, depresses the immune response and inflammation
true
Hormones of the adrenal medulla help prolong the fight-or-flight response (sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system).
true
The anterior and posterior regions of the pituitary gland (hypophysis) both develop from ectoderm.
true
t/f: In the pancreas, beta cell secrete insulin.
true
t/f: The nervous system responds to change very quickly, but an individual response is very brief; whereas, the endocrine system's response takes longer to take effect, but it lasts for a longer period of time.
true
Hormones that regulate sodium and potassium levels in the blood are secreted by the _____ region of the adrenal cortex.
zona glomerulosa
