KIN 389 Test 2
A cross-sectional research design aims to stimulate developmental change over time, without taking months or years to complete the research study
True
Experimental studies are often based on the initial results of correlation research and aim to test specific hypotheses.
True
External validity determines the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to the population the participants represent
True
It is important to carefully consider the words chosen to write survey questions because the way in which questions are phrased can have a great impact on how questions are answered
True
It is important to carefully consider the words chosen to write survey questions because the way in which questions are phrased can have a great impact on how questions were answered
True
It is not unusual for participants, settings, and research questions to be added during the course of a qualitative study
True
Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient is usually represented simply as r
True
Qualitative research typically requires spending long periods in the setting under study
True
The baseline phase is very important in single subject design research
True
The findings of a qualitative study are influenced by the background and personal experiences of the researcher
True
The stronger the correlation between variables, the better the ability of a researcher to predict future outcomes
True
When there is good internal validity the researchers have carefully planned to control extraneous factors
True
With ex post facto designs, the independent variable is not controlled by the researchers
True
a magazine article published in 2010 that describes the sociocultural implications of the 1936 Olympics is an example of a secondary source of historical research
True
What is the first step in analyzing qualitative data?
Writing field notes
Correlational research manipulates at least one independent variable to determine the effect on at least one dependent variable
False
Experimental research designs are more important, reliable, and valid compared to descriptive research designs
False
Independent variables are the quantities being directly measured in a given study
False
Like quantitative research, good qualitative research relies on random selection of participants.
False
Qualitative research begins with the formation of concrete hypotheses that the collection of data either confirms or denies
False
Researchers intervene or manipulate at least one independent variable in descriptive research designs
False
Surveys, questionnaire, and interviews are all qualitative research techniques
False
Surveys, questionnaires, and interviews are all qualitative research techniques
False
Which of the following is true of experimental research designs?
A cause-effect relationship is established
which of the following is true of experimental research designs?
A cause-effect relationship is established
Let's assume there are no previous research studies that examine how physical activity influences social interactions. Which type of research may be best to start with in order to provide an initial snapshot in time of these behaviors in a group of children?
Basic descriptive
Let's assume there are no previous research studies that examine how physical activity influences social interactions. Which type of research may be best to start with in order to provide an initial snapshot of these behaviors in a group of children?
Basic descriptive
A researcher conducts a study that involves providing an enriched environment that promotes movement to a child with special needs. A detailed description throughout the entire process will be documented. Which type of research design or technique is typically used in this situation?
Case study
Which of the following is a descriptive research design?
Case study
A recent research study found a strong positive association between body mass index and the amount of time spent in sedentary behavior. This indicates a cause-effect relationship
False
According to the Hawthorne effect, participants perform more poorly when they are being observed due to nervousness
False
Which type of research design may be most appropriate as an initial step to determine the relationships among height, weight, body mass index, and physical activity
Correlational
Which type of research design may be most appropriate as an initial step to determine the relationships among height, weight, body mass index, and physical activity?
Correlational
A national health survey measured 10,000 elementary school students in grades 1-5 on multiple variables including standardized test scores, body mass index, and socioeconomic status. This example is best described as which type of research design
Cross-sectional descriptive epidemiology
Which type of validity represents the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized?
External
A cause-effect relationship can be established from one epidemiological research study
False
A historian's synthesis of documented evidence about an event is an example of a primary source of historical research
False
Which research design would be best suited to answer the following research question: How have multimillion dollar television contracts for premiere college football teams influenced recruiting practices throughout the Bowl Championship Series era?
Historical
Which type of variable is investigated as being a cause in a cause-effect relationship?
Independent
Which of the following is typically used to gain much more information from only a few research participants and consists of open-ended questions?
Interviews
Which of the following statements is true regarding internal and external validity?
No study design can optimize both internal and external validity
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of qualitative research?
Once established, the research design remains constant
Which of the following qualitative research traditions is considered a form of critical inquiry?
Orientational inquiry
Which type of research does not involve any sort of data collection or statistical analyses, but rather uses inductive or deductive reasoning to develop a set of principles?
Philosophical
Which type of research design includes a baseline, intervention, and withdrawal phase that typically includes repeated assessments throughout each phase?
Reversal
Which form of qualitative data coding is used to verify themes that have been identified?
Selective coding
Which of the following is an experimental research design?
Single subject
Which of the following is not a source of data in qualitative research?
Table of numbers
Which of the following is NOT necessary for establishing a cause-effect relationship?
The cause and effect are both independent variables
Which of the following statements is true regarding experimental research designs?
The posttest-only design is the same as the static group comparison, only with random assignment of participants to groups
An example of deductive reasoning includes starting with a scientific theory in mind and designing and executing a research study that will either support or refute the theory
true