Kinematics Chapter Test Study Guide
motion equations for objects at rest: acceleration velocity position
0 0 d∨f=constant=d∨i
motion equations for objects moving with constant velocity: acceleration velocity position
0 constant=v∨i=v∨avg d∨f=d∨i+v∨avg(∆t)
what measure or measures does the speedometer of a car indicate? a. instantaneous velocity b. average speed c. instantaneous speed d. average velocity
C.
calculate acceleration formula:
Fnet=m×a
calculate speed formula:
S=distance/time
average speed formula:
Vavg≡∆d/∆t≡d∨f-d∨i/∆t≡v∨f+v∨i/2
light travels in a straight line at a constant speed of 3×10⁸ meters per second. At this very speed great speed what is the acceleration of light
ZERO (moving in a straight line at a constant speed)
acceleration equations at rest constant velocity constant acceleration
a=0 a=0 a=∆v/∆t=constant
motion in which the speed or direction of motion changes
accelerated motion
a measure of how much the velocity of an object is changing in one unit of time or the rate of change of velocity
acceleration
slope of velocity time graph gives
acceleration
for motion that is periodic, the maximum distance the object moves from its equilibrium position
amplitude
list of descriptive terms
at rest constant linear uniform linear uniformly accelerated linear free fall along an incline projectile uniform circular rotational orbital satellite periodic simple harmonic
a scalar quantity that describes the total distance an object moves divided by the total time it took to move
average speed
the slope of the position-time graph of the motion
average velocity
average acceleration formula:
a∨avg≡∆v/∆t≡v∨f-v∨i/∆t
SI Quantities and Units Quantity symbol usual unit name usual unit symbol vector or scalar magnitude of centripetal acceleration
a∨c meter per second squared m/s² S
circular motion equation:
a∨c=v²/r=4πr/T²
the always-directed-toward-the-center acceleration experiences by any object moving along a circular path
centripetal acceleration
in free fall, even when the object is momentarily at rear at the very top of its path, its acceleration is __ it can never be ___
constant zero
a system used for measuring motion that identifies that location of an origin (zero point) and gives the direction in which the values of the variables increase
coordinate system
position equations at rest constant velocity constant acceleration
d=const d=df-di=v(∆t) d=df-di=vi(∆t)+.5a(∆t)²
a vector quantity that tells how far and in what direction something moves, or the change in position of something
displacement
are under velocity time graph gives
displacement
a scalar quantity that is a measure of the separation between two positions or how far an object has moved from a previous position along a path
distance
why might a particle model be useful in representing a motion diagram
everyone can draw dots
if the motion of an object is such that its instantaneous velocity varies, how can instantaneous velocity be calculated using the position time graph
finding the slope of a tangent line
the assumed to be at rest background against which motion is seen
frame of reference
the vertical motion of an object when the only force acting on the object is gravity. this type of motion can only actually occur in a vacuum.
free fall
as the driver of an automobile what controls on a car cause it to accelerate? what aspects of the motion of the car does each of these controls change?
gas break steering wheel gas: forward acceleration break: deceleration (reverse acceleration) steering wheel: changing direction
why does the slope of a position time graph represent velocity and not speed
gives us direction
ways to represent motion:
graph particle model table
how can you tell if an object is moving?
have to have a frame of reference to compare to
motion parallel to surface of earth
horz
against a frame of reference direction of motion can be described as
horz.--right, left, away, towards, north, south, east west vert.--up, down parallel--up, down perp--away, toward rotational--clockwise, counter-clock wise circular
how does the sign (+ or −) of a moving object's average velocity relate to the sign of its displacement
if the slope is + then the displacement is +
Einstein's theory of special relativity two types of frames of reference
inertial non-interial
in the physics lab Sarah records that at time t₁ lab cart A has a velocity of 1.0m/s and at time t₂ it as a velocity of 1.2m/s do these velocities refer to average or instantaneous velocity
instantaneous
a scalar quantity that tells how fast something is moving at ANY MOMENT IN TIME
instantaneous speed
a vector quantity that tells how fast and in what direction something is moving at ANY MOMENT IN TIME
instantaneous velocity
why do all the unit for acceleration, such as meters per second per second include 2 units of time
it is the rate of a rate (divide by time twice)
the branch of physics that deals with the characteristics of different kinds of pure motion without reference to the mass or to the causes of the motion
kinematics
__ motion is any motion in a straight line
linear
when you have calculated the slope of a straight graph line on a position time graph, what units will the slope have
m/s
a noticeable change in position as seen against the background frame of reference
motion
a series of images showing the positions of a moving object taken at equal intervals of time
motion diagram
graphs that use time as the independent variable and position, velocity, or acceleration as the dependent variable
motion graph
what is represented by the intersection of two graph lines on a position time graph
objects in same position
the point at which the variables within a coordinate system have a value of zero
origin
motion parallel to inclined surface ie ramp
parallel
a simplified version of a motion diagram in which the moving object is replaced by a series of single points (dots) that represent the center of mass of the moving object
particle model
the duration or elapsed time required for an object in periodic motion to begin to repeat the motion
period
motion that repeats itself over and over again
periodic motion
motion perp to inclined surface ie ramp
perp.
a vector quantity that tells where an object is with respect to some origin or reference point
position
combo of constant accelerated motion
projectile
motion that is a combination of horizontal uniform linear motion and vertical uniformly accelerated motion. a thrown basketball is an example of this type of motion.
projectile motion
any quantity that describes how much another quantity changes in a certain amount of time
rate
describing something with respect to something else, as in, "with respect to the moving cart, the ball had the same horizontal motion"
relative to
motion that follows a circular path at a fixed radius about a center that is located inside the object
rotational motion
a scalar quantity that is a measure of how fast something is moving without reference to the direction of motion
speed
SI Quantities and Units Quantity symbol usual unit name usual unit symbol vector or scalar time
t second s S
in looking at the position time graph showing the motion of two objects moving in the same direction, hoe does the slope of the two objects differ if one shows a greater displacement than the other for the same time interval
the line with the greater slope has a greater velocity
a scalar quantity that tells the duration of an event
time interval
the parabolic path followed by a projectile
trajectory
motion that follows a circular path at a fixed radius about a center that is outside the object and at a constant speed while continuously changing direction
uniform circular motion
motion that does not change
uniform motion
SI Quantities and Units Quantity symbol usual unit name usual unit symbol vector or scalar position
→d meter m V
velocity equations at rest constant velocity constant acceleration
v=0 v=∆d/∆t=constant vf=vi+a(∆t)
a vector quantity that tells how fast and in what direction something is moving
velocity
slope position time graph gives
velocity
what does the slope of a position time graph represent
velocity
how is velocity different from speed
velocity: speed with direction speed: the rate at which something is able to move
motion perp to surface of earth
vert
SI Quantities and Units Quantity symbol usual unit name usual unit symbol vector or scalar angular velocity
w radians per second rad/s S
what is the acceleration of a car that movies at a steady velocity of 100km/h straight north for 100 seconds?
zero (constant velocity, constant direction)
SI Quantities and Units Quantity symbol usual unit name usual unit symbol vector or scalar angular acceleration
α radians per second squared rad/s² S
SI Quantities and Units Quantity symbol usual unit name usual unit symbol vector or scalar angular position
θ radian rad S
SI Quantities and Units Quantity symbol usual unit name usual unit symbol vector or scalar magnitude of acceleration
⁻a or a∨avg meter per second squared m/s² S
SI Quantities and Units Quantity symbol usual unit name usual unit symbol vector or scalar instantaneous velocity
→v meter per second m/s V
a symbol that indicates a change in something
∆
displacement equations at rest constant velocity constant acceleration
∆d=0 ∆d=df-di=v(∆t) ∆d=df-di=vi(∆t)+.5a(∆t)²
distance traveled formula:
∆d≡d∨f-d∨i
change is velocity equations at rest constant velocity constant acceleration
∆v=0 ∆v=0 ∆v=vf-vi=a(∆t)
SI Quantities and Units Quantity symbol usual unit name usual unit symbol vector or scalar dicsplacement
∆→d meter m V
a mathematical symbol indicating that one side of an equation defines the other side
≡
