KINES 199 wsu final
List three specific ways you could advertise an exercise program for older adults that would encourage them to participate
-advertising to tat age group, ie) make the "older Adults" the star of the averstisment - Appeal to problems that older adults face, like arthritis - Say exactly what, when, how, and why this program would be import to the older adults
You are coaching an athlete with high self-esteem. After losing the game, he attributes the loss to
-how he played during the game bad luck -lack of effort on his part
Which of the following is a strategy that can be taught to young children to improve memory?
-labeling -grouping -rehearsal
Which reflex disappears after infancy and only reappears in cases of brain damage?
Babinski
_____________ is the total energy available to meet the demands of prolonged activity.
Aerobic capacity
Which statement is most true about aerobic training?
Aerobic training improves VO2 max after puberty.
Which of the following is (are) true about anaerobic training in youth?
Correct! If anaerobic training is stopped, peak and mean power measurements decrease. Correct! The size of the difference between trained and untrained youth could be related to length of training. Boys reach a much higher peak and mean power measurement than girls.
Which of the following is related to declines in maximal oxygen uptake in older adults? Correct!
Correct! cardiovascular changes Correct! respiratory system changes nervous system changes
Limitations on anaerobic capacity for children are partially related to
Correct! inefficient motor coordination Correct! intolerance of lactic acid intolerance of glycogen
Which of the following measure(s) anaerobic capability?
Correct! vertical jump mile run Correct! 50 yard dash Correct! Wingate cycle test VO2Max treadmill test
Which of the following is most true of strength training?
Cultural norms may influence gender differences in participation in activities that promote strength.
___________________ is a measure requiring the earliest possible response to more than one stimulus, usually with a different response matched to each of the possible stimuli.
Choice reaction time
__________ strength is the exertion of force at a constant limb velocity through the range of motion at a joint.
Isokinetic
Which of the following is true about the autonomous stage of learning?
It focuses on movement strategy.
T O F Variable practice is overall more beneficial than constant practice for motor learning in adults.
True
T O FMotor learning is defined as the relatively permanent gains in motor skill capability associated with practice or experience
True
You learn in class that most children develop a three point pencil grip at a certain age. You are talking with your sister, who claims that her son achieved that skill one year earlier, so your teacher must be wrong. To counter her argument you tell her about:
Universality versus variability
Youth sport coaches should influence their players to understand that
Success is not the same as winning.
An example of an individual functional constraint is
memory capacity
In which of the following tasks do older adults decline in performance?
memory tasks
A major difference between motor learning and motor development is that
motor learning results from practice
When placed in an infant walker, an infant will often be able to walk or move from place to place using a walking pattern. What rate limiter(s) does an infant walker overcome or adjust for?
balance strength neuronal plasticity a and b....
When we change from a one handed grasp to two handed grasp to accommodate a larger or heavier object is determined by
body scaling
You and an ant are racing across a gravel parking lot. Which of the following concepts makes it most likely that you will win?
body scaling
The perception-action approach uses which of the following terms?
body scaling and affordance
Which of the following factors is most strongly related to absolute maximal oxygen uptake?
body size
Sex differences among older adults in overarm throwing have been associated with which of the following?
both sex and childhood/young adult experiences (nature AND nurture)
Which of the following occurs mostly after birth?
myelination ..... migration differentiation hyperplasia
Before puberty the biggest contribution to muscle strength development with training is
neural adaptation
Which of the following are the two branches of the ecological perspective?
dynamic systems and perception-action
In past research, children have most often said that _______________ makes them drop out of sport.
not winning -parental pressure to succeed -lack of progress -time constraints
The maturational perspective explains developmental change as a function of maturational processes, in particular through the development of the
central nervous system
A mastery approach to teaching motor skills to young children involves
children learning that effort and outcome are related
Matching your limb or a bat to the arrival of an incoming ball involves
coincident timing
The difference between task and environmental constraints is
environmental constraints could cover a number of different tasks
Reflexes are:
expressed in the same way each time they are elicited
The most mature hand position in catching is
fingers up for high balls
The sociological construct that differentiates man and woman is called
gender
In a maximal ballistic effort (such as kicking a ball as hard as possible), the movement involves multiple body parts that act in a sequence. This sequence is knows as
an open kinetic chain
The quantitative increase in size or magnitude is
growth
Which body segments are most associated with the developmental sequence of running?
arms and legs
Adding variability to practice is most appropriate in which stage of learning?
associative
galloping is an example of a locomotor skill that requires a(n) ____________ gait.
asymmetrical
According to research, older adults' driving abilities might be most affected by
attentional difficulties
Which of the following attributions is most likely to result in a youngster continuing to play in a sport?
attributing a loss to advantages that the other team has experienced (E.g. more access, experience, etc.
The motor development and activity participation of a toddler will be most affected by which socializing agent?
parents
Research suggests that the socializing agents that most influence physical activity and sport participation across the lifespan are
peers
Determining the effects of race and ethnicity on sport and physical activity participation is
complex because race is physical, ethnicity is cultural, and socioeconomic status interacts with both.
What is the primary rate limiter for galloping?
coordination
What is the correct order of acquisition for locomotor skills?
crawling creeping cruising walking running
the order of early locomotor development is:
crawling, creeping, cruising, walking forward, walking backward
Infants may use a variety of types of locomotion. For example, __________ is defined as moving on hands and knees.
creeping
Peak oxygen uptake __________ throughout adulthood, a trend that is related to the __________ in maximum heart rate and in muscle mass.
declines; decrease
Which of the following describe changes in walking pattern for older adults?
decreased step length increased toe-out by approximately 3 degrees
Walking patterns in adulthood tend to change mainly as a result of which type of constraint?
individual
Which type of strength test involves exerting force against an immovable resistance?
isometric
After performing worse than most of your class on an exam, it would be most helpful to attribute your grade to
lack of time to study
______________________occurs when individuals propel themselves on one foot and land on the other foot.
leaping
An example of an individual structural constraint is
leg length
An experimental design in which you test the same group of people over many years is
longitudinal
Before an infant can start reaching, ______________ must partly develop.
postural control of head and upper body
Which of the following could be considered individual constraints, or rate limiters, on early motor development?
posture strength gravity a and b.....
For the purposes of this class the definition of aging is
processes that occur with passage of time and leading to loss of function or reduction of adaptability
Information about performance in relation to a goal is called knowledge of
result
Which is characteristic of children's early attempts to catch?
scooping or hugging with the arms
The following reflexes are observed prenatally:
sucking, Moro, Asymmetrical tonic neck
I am playing tennis against a younger and less experienced player. I change the rules so that his ball is considered in bounds even if it goes outside the singles line (but stays within the doubles line). This is an example of changing a
task constraint
Regarding gender typing in toy and activity selection,
there has not been much substantial movement away from gender typing in the US.
The response associated with the Babinski reflex is
toe extension
Which of the following is characteristic of proficient punting?
using the arms in opposition to the legs after the ball has dropped
Which is the most true of self-esteem?
women have lower physical self-esteem and feelings of control over health than men do
According to Nadine Burke Harris (Ted talk on ACES)
Adverse childhood experiences are related to most of the top 10 diseases that kill people in the USA.
Which characteristic of reach/grasp is retained as we age?
accuracy
Using a smaller basketball for women is an example of :
adjusting a task constraint to counteract an individual structural constraint
You and I can ride on a bicycle; a 6 month old child might have fun spinning the pedals. This is an example of
affordances
Research has found that for boys, the parent who influenced behavior the most was their
father
In the United States, approximately ____________ of children and adolescents are obese.
25%
Research has shown that boys and girls as young as _________ years old can increase their strength with a variety of resistance training methods.
6
Women can typically produce ________ of the force that men can exert, although most of these differences can be attributed to differences in arm and shoulder strength rather than in trunk or leg strength.
60% to 80%
Which statement is most true about flexibility?
Flexibility does not improve throughout childhood.
The Sexual Orientation/Gender Identity (SOGI) chart shows that
Our SOGI is complex and we can fall anywhere on the various scales within the chart.
Why do children have smaller energy reserves and lower absolute anaerobic power output than adults do?
They have less muscle mass
You are working in a child development center. You notice that one of your children, an 18 month old girl, seems to be exhibiting the asymmetric tonic neck reflex. Is this a concern?
Yes. She should not have this reflex at 18 months.
Which of the following statements is true?
YES Muscle mass increases steadily as children age. YES Other factors besides muscle mass contribute to strength levels. YES Neural influences such as myelination of nerve fibers and improved muscle coordination are related to strength gains.
SOCIAL constraints on development include (choose any that apply).
YES religious beliefs male or female sex characteristics YES attitudes of significant others
Our various roles in society are determined by
a variety of socializing agents and situations as well as our personal attributes
The most common test of flexibility is the
sit-and-reach test
It is likely that participation in an exercise intervention has a ________ and ________ effect on memory performance.
small; positive
Which of the following values of correlation indicates the best relationship between two variables?
5.3 .10 -.96 ............... .67
Walking is defined by a ______ phasing relationship between the legs, indicating that individuals alternate the left and right legs at a consistent point in time.
50%
The paper on negative PE experiences showed:
Both men and women who experienced being picked last in PE class exercised less than others.
Which of the following is (are) characteristic of proficient sidearm striking?
a step into the hit toward the oncoming ball arm extension before contact differentiated trunk rotation
Which of the following is a rate limiter of jumping?
ability to develop enough force to bring the body into the air from a still position
Which of the following is a measure of the speed of cognitive processing?
simple reaction time
The stimulus for the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex is
turning the head
I am interested in whether playing football impacts social development in a specific way. I divide students in two groups. One plays football and the other plays cards. I measure social development with a survey afterwards. Identify the independent variable(s) and dependent variable(s):
type of game played is the IV and social dev survey score is DV