Kinesiology in Action. Amador Exam 2
(Spine) (Flash Card) Nutation?
A position of the sacrum in which the base is anterior to the coccyx
(Spine) (Flash Card) Counternutation?
A position of the sacrum in which the base is posterior to the coccyx
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Flash Card) What is Nutation?
A position of the sacrum in which the sacral base is tilted anteriorly
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Flash Card) What is Counternutation?
A position of the sacrum in which the sacral base is tilted posteriorly
(Spine) (Flash Card) Cervical protraction?
A position of upper cervical extension and lower cervical flexion
(Spine) (Flash Card) Cervical retraction?
A position of upper cervical flexion and lower cervical extension
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Flash Card) Acetabular labrum?
A ring of fibrocartilage that lines the acetabulum and provides support to the femoral head
(Spine) (Flash Card) Scoliosis?
A rotational deformity of the vertebral column, characterized by curvature of the spine
(The Knee) (Pre-Test) Which of the following statement is true about the location of the "hamstring" muscles? A. Biceps femoris is anterior and the semimembranosus/tendinosis is posterior. B. Biceps femoris is medial and the semimembranosus/tendinosis is lateral. C. Biceps femoris is lateral and the semimembranosus/tendinosis is medial. D. Biceps femoris is posterior and the semimembranosus/tendinosis is anterior.
Biceps femoris is lateral and the semimembranosus/tendinosis is medial.
(The Knee) (Pre-Test) Knee menisci are important for shock absorption.The medial meniscus is _____ and the lateral meniscus is _____. A. C-shaped; O-shaped B. O-shaped; C-shaped
C-shaped; O-shaped
(The Knee) (Pre-Test) The "Q-angle" of the knee is the angle formed by the quadriceps tendon and the: A. medial collateral ligament B. patellar ligament C. tibial plateau
Patellar ligament
(The Knee) (Post - Test) Which of the following muscles correspond to the action stated? A. Biceps femoris is a hip internal rotator. B. Vastus lateralis is a knee external rotator. C. Sartorius is a hip external rotator. D. Semimembranosus is a hip abductor.
Sartorius is a hip external rotator.
(Spine) (Flash Card) Lordosis?
Spinal curve that is convex anteriorly
(Spine) (Flash Card) Kyphosis?
Spinal curve that is convex posteriorly
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Flash-Card) Terminal swing?
The final period of swing phase in which the swing leg is decelerating before heel strike
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Flash-Card) Early swing?
The first period of the swing phase in which the leg is accelerating toward midline
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Flash-Card) Heel strike?
The first phase of gait in which the heel contacts the ground
(Spine) (Post - Test) Which muscles would tend to be short and weak in a patient with forward head posture? A. suboccipitals B. longus capitus C. levator scapulae D. scalenes
suboccipitals
(Spine) (Post - Test) Which of the following best describes the sacroiliac joint? A. suture anteriorly and synovial joint posteriorly B. syndesmosis anteriorly and suture posteriorly C. synovial joint anteriorly and posteriorly D. synovial joint anteriorly and syndesmosis posteriorly
synovial joint anteriorly and syndesmosis posteriorly
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Post - Test) The _______________ muscle has a dynamic role in the functioning of the medial longitudinal arch. A. peroneus (fibularis) longus B. peroneus (fibularis) tertius C. tibialis anterior D. tibialis posterior
tibialis posterior
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Flash Card) Plantar fascia?
A band of connective tissue that supports the longitudinal arches of the foot
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Flash Card) Coxa valga?
A bony deformity in which the head of the femur is angled away from the shaft of the femur; also called an increased angle of inclination
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Flash Card) Coxa vara?
A bony deformity in which the head of the femur is angled toward the shaft of the femur; also called a decreased angle of inclination
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Flash Card) Retroversion?
A bony deformity of the femur in which the angle of torsion is decreased resulting in a position of external rotation of the leg
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Flash Card) Anteversion?
A bony deformity of the femur in which the angle of torsion is increased resulting in a position of internal rotation of the leg
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Flash Card) Pronation?
A combined movement or position of the ankle and foot that includes eversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Flash Card) Supination?
A combined movement or position of the ankle and foot that includes inversion, adduction and plantarflexion
(Spine) (Flash Card) Thoracic outlet syndrome?
A condition characterized by compression of the blood vessels and nerves located between the neck and axilla
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Flash Card) Lateral tilt?
A deviation of the pelvis in the frontal plane in which one ilium is higher than the other?
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Flash Card) Footdrop?
A gait deviation in which the dorsiflexors are unable to hold the foot up during swing phase
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Flash Card) Trendelenburg sign?
A gait deviation indicating clinical hip abductor weakness
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Flash-Card) Lordosis?
A position in which the posterior spinal curvature is concave
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Flash-Card) Kyphosis?
A position in which the posterior spinal curvature is convex
(The Knee) (Flash Card) Genu recurvatum?
A position of knee hyperextension in the sagittal plane
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Flash Card) Pes planes?
A position of the foot where there is a decrease in the medial longitudinal arch height
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Flash Card) Pes cavus?
A position of the foot where there is an increase in the medial longitudinal arch height
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Flash Card) Hallux valgus?
A position of the great toe in which the distal phalanx is lateral to the proximal phalanx
(The Knee) (Flash Card) Genu valgum?
A position of the knees in the frontal plane in which the distal tibia lies lateral to the proximal tibia
(The Knee) (Flash Card) Genu varum?
A position of the knees in the frontal plane in which the distal tibia lies medial to the proximal tibia
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Flash Card) Pelvic rotation?
A position of the pelvis in the transverse plane in which one side is forward of the other
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Flash Card) What is Anterior Tilt?
A position of the pelvis in which the anterior superior iliac spine lies anterior to the pubic symphysis
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Flash Card) Posterior tilt?
A position of the pelvis in which the anterior superior iliac spine lies posterior to the pubic symphysis
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Flash Card) Calcaneal valgus?
A position of the rearfoot in which the distal calcaneus is lateral to the proximal calcaneus
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Flash Card) Calcaneal varus?
A position of the rearfoot in which the distal calcaneus is medial to the proximal calcaneus
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Flash-Card) Gait Cycle?
A stride that occurs in the time between one foot contacting the ground and the same foot contacting the ground again.
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Pre- Test) Hip abduction occurs in the: A. frontal plane B. horizontal plane C. sagittal plane
A. frontal plane
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Pre- Test) Which of the following is NOT considered part of the innominate? A. Acetabulum B. Ilium C. Ischium D. Pubis
Aceabulum
(The Knee) (Post - Test) Which of the following is a function of the medial and lateral menisci of the knee? A. Shock absorption B. Deepen the concavity of the tibia C. Increase congruency between femur and tibia D. Serve as attachment for knee ligaments E. All of the above Knee)
All of the above
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Post - Test) Lateral ligaments of the ankle resist inversion forces. Adding plantarflexion to the inversion stress can isolate which of the following ligaments? A. Anterior talofibular ligament B. Calcaneofibular ligament C. Deltoid D. Posterior talofibular ligament
Anterior talofibular ligament
(Spine) (Flash Card) Facet joints?
Articulations between adjacent vertebral articular processes
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Pre- Test) The head of the femur is _____ and the acetabulum is _____. A. concave; concave B. concave; convex C. convex; concave D. convex; convex
Concvex, Concave
(The Knee) (Flash Card) Pes anserinus?
Consists of the common insertion of the three tendons of the semitendinosus, sartorius, and gracilis muscles; resembles the shape of a goose's foot
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Post - Test) The concept of a supination twist to overcome substantial hindfoot pronation in weight bearing includes which of the following motions? A. Abduction of the 1st & 2nd rays with adduction of the 4th & 5th rays B. Adduction of the 1st & 2nd rays with abduction of the 4th & 5th rays C. Dorsiflexion of the 1st & 2nd rays with plantarflexion of the 4th & 5th rays D. Plantarflexion of the 1st & 2nd rays with dorsiflexion of the 4th & 5th rays
Dorsiflexion of the 1st & 2nd rays with plantarflexion of the 4th & 5th rays
The greater trochanter is the attachment for the: A. gluteus medius and piriformis B. iliopsoas and vastus medialis C. piriformis and adductor longus D. semimembranosus and gluteus minimus
Gluteus medius and piriformis
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Pre- Test) Which of the following hip ligaments is known as the "Y" ligament? A. Iliofemoral ligament B. Ischiofemoral ligament C. Pubofemoral ligament
Iliofemoral ligament
(The Knee) (Post - Test) Which of the following statements about the meniscofemoral ligaments is NOT correct? A. Assists the popliteus in checking lateral tibial rotation B. Is also known as the ligament of Humphrey and ligament of Wrisberg C. Is attached to the medial femoral condyle D. Is thicker than the posterior cruciate ligament E. Resists posterior translation of the tibia on the femur
Is thicker than the posterior cruciate ligament
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Post - Test) Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the iliofemoral ligament of the hip? A. It attaches to the anterior superior iliac spine. B. It is known as the "Y" ligament. C. It limits hip internal rotation in hip extension. D. It limits hip external rotation in hip flexion.
It attaches to the anterior superior iliac spine.
(Spine) (Flash Card) Intervertebral joints?
Joints located between two adjacent vertebral bodies
(Spine) (Flash Card) Stenosis?
Narrowing of the vertebral canal at one or more segments
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Post - Test) Which of the following scenarios would be appropriate to isolate the gastroc-soleus complex to assess possible muscle injury? A. Resisting knee flexion with the ankle plantarflexed isolates the soleus. B. Resisting knee flexion with the ankle dorsiflexed isolates the soleus. C. Resisting plantarflexion with the knee flexed isolates the soleus. D. Resisting plantarflexion with the knee extended isolates the soleus.
Resisting plantarflexion with the knee flexed isolates the soleus.
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Pre-Test) The "ankle joint" is known as the "talocrural joint." Identify the bones that make up this joint. A. Calcaneus, talus, and fibula B. Talus, tibia, and fibula C. Tibia, fibula, and calcaneus
Talus, tibia, and fibula
(Spine) (Post - Test) Which of the following is NOT correct about the thoracodorsal fascia? A. Tension on the thoracodorsal fascia via abdominal muscle contraction will cause it to decrease spinal stiffness. B. The anterior portion is part of the quadratus lumborum surrounding the fascia. C. The erector spinae is surrounded by it. D. The posterior portion has attachments to the latissimus dorsi.
Tension on the thoracodorsal fascia via abdominal muscle
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Flash Card) Angle of inclination?
The angle between the shaft and the neck of the femur in the frontal plane; normally 125 degrees.
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Flash Card) Angle of torsion?
The angle between the shaft and the neck of the femur in the transverse plane; normally between 15 and 25 degrees
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Flash-Card) Step length?
The anterior-posterior distance between the heel contact of one foot and the heel contact of the opposite foot in gait
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Flash-Card) Step width?
The horizontal distance between heel contact of one foot to heel contact of the other foot during gait
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Flash-Card) Toe off?
The last period of the stance phase of gait in which the toes leave the ground
(The Knee) (Flash Card) Q angle?
The line of pull of the quadriceps muscle as formed by the intersection of a line passing directly through the patella and a line drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine to the patella
(The Knee) (Post - Test) Which of the following is NOT correct about the knee meniscus? A. By age 50, only the periphery is vascularized. B. Central portion of the meniscus relies on weight-bearing for diffusion of synovial fluid. C. The entire meniscal body is vascular at birth. D. The meniscus is not innervated.
The meniscus is not innervated.
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Flash-Card) Cadence?
The number of steps taken per unit of time, usually per minute
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Flash-Card) Heel off?
The phase in gait in which the heel of the stance leg leaves the ground
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Flash-Card) Midstance?
The phase of gait in which the body is balanced on the stance leg
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Flash-Card) Single limb support?
The phase of gait in which the body weight is support on one leg
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Flash-Card) Double limb support?
The phase of gait in which the body weight is supported on both legs
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Flash-Card) Stance phase?
The phase of gait in which the foot is in contact with the ground
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Flash-Card) Swing phase?
The phase of gait in which the foot is not in contact with the ground
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Flash-Card) Foot flat?
The phase of gait occurring after heel strike, in which the entire foot contacts the ground
(The Knee) (Post - Test) Which of the following statements is correct about the structure and the motion it prevents? A. The anterior cruciate ligament prevents anterior translation of the femur on the tibia. B. The iliotibial band prevents flexion of the tibia on the femur. C. The medial collateral ligament prevents varus stress of the tibia on the femur. D. The posterior cruciate ligament prevents posterior translation of the tibia on the femur.
The posterior cruciate ligament prevents posterior translation of the tibia on the femur.
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Flash-Card) Midswing?
The second period of the swing phase in which the swinging leg is at its shortest position
(The Knee) (Flash Card) Screw-home mechanism?
The slight transverse plane motion that occurs in the tibiofemoral (knee) joint during the last few degrees of active knee extension; assists in locking the knee joint into extension?
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Flash Card) What is Pelvic girdle?
The structure composed of the sacrum, coccyx, and ilia. Also called the pelvis.
(The Knee) (Pre-Test) Which of the following muscles is not biarticulate? A. Biceps femoris B. Gastrocnemius C. Sartorius D. Vastus medialis
Vastus medialis
(The Knee) (Flash Card) Extensor lag?
Weakness of the quadriceps causing inability to control the last 15 to 20 degrees of knee extension contraction
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Post-Test) The greatest amount of muscle contraction occurs in what type of sitting? A. active erect sitting B. active slouched sitting C. relaxed erect sitting D. slumped sitting
active erect sitting
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Post - Test) When performing a seated knee extension exercise with a very heavy weight, one might attempt to extend the hip to avoid __________ insufficiency of the __________. A. active; rectus femoris B. active; sartorius C. passive; rectus femoris D. passive; sartorius
active; rectus femoris
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Pre-Test) If you stand on a single leg and the pelvis on the opposite side drops, the motion occurring at the weight-bearing hip is: A. abduction B. adduction C. flexion D. internal rotation
adduction
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Post-Test) A normal response to a slight perturbation of balance would be: A. a falling strategy B. a hip strategy C. a stepping strategy D. an ankle strategy
an ankle strategy
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Post-Test) In normal gait, the ground reaction forces (external forces) at initial contact are: A. ankle dorsiflexion, knee flexion, hip extension B. ankle dorsiflexion, knee flexion, hip flexion C. ankle plantar flexion, knee extension, hip flexion D. ankle plantar flexion, knee flexion, hip extension
ankle plantar flexion, knee extension, hip flexion
(Spine) (Pre-Test) The outermost portion of the intervertebral disc is known as the: A. annulosum fibrosum B. granulosum centrosome C. mucoprotein gel D. nucleus pulposus
annulosum fibrosum
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Pre- Test) If a person is standing erect and flexes the trunk on the hip, the center of mass will move __________ and the line of gravity moves __________ within the base of support. A. anterior; anterior B. anterior; posterior C. posterior; anterior D. posterior; posterior
anterior; anterior
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Post-Test) In optimal standing posture, the line of gravity passes ____ to the ankle, ____ to the knee and ____ to the hip. A. anterior; anterior; posterior B. anterior; posterior; posterior C. posterior; anterior; posterior D. posterior; posterior; anterior
anterior; anterior; posterior
(The Knee) (Post - Test) An individual has difficulty achieving terminal knee extension. To facilitate this motion, one should glide the tibia _______ with slight _______ rotation. A. anterior; external B. anterior; internal C. posterior; external D. posterior; internal
anterior; external
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Post - Test) A newborn has approximately 30° to 40° of femoral neck ____________. This ____________ about 1.5° per year until skeletal maturity. A. anteversion; decreases B. anteversion; increases C. retroversion; decreases D. retroversion; increases
anteversion; decreases
(Spine) (Post - Test) Which of the following DOES NOT limit thoracic flexion? A. approximation of anterior vertebral bodies B. facet joint capsule C. interspinous ligaments D. posterior longitudinal ligament
approximation of anterior vertebral bodies
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Post - Test) In weight-bearing (CKC), the coupled motions of pronation are: A. calcaneal eversion, abduction (medial rotation), and dorsiflexion B. calcaneal eversion, adduction (medial rotation), and plantarflexion C. calcaneal inversion, abduction (medial rotation), and plantarflexion D. calcaneal inversion, adduction (medial rotation), and dorsiflexion
calcaneal eversion, abduction (medial rotation), and dorsiflexion
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Pre-Test) The proximal attachment of the plantarfascia is the: A. calcaneus B. cuboid bone C. navicular bone D. talus
calcaneus
(Spine) (Pre-Test) In the human adult spine, lordotic curves naturally occur in the: A. cervical and lumbar regions B. cervical and thoracic regions C. thoracic and lumbar regions D. thoracic and sacral regions
cervical and lumbar regions
(Spine) (Pre-Test) The spinous process is bifid in the: A. cervical spine B. lumbar spine C. thoracic spine D. sacral spine
cervical spine
(The Knee) (Pre-Test) The osteology of the knee involves movement of the _____ tibia and the _____ femur. A. concave; concave B. concave; convex C. convex; concave D. convex; convex
concave; convex
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Post - Test) Using a cane on the ____________ side of a hip injury helps to reduce weight-bearing on the involved hip by 15%. It is also instrumental in activating the ____________ on the cane side to assist the ____________ muscles on the involved side to overcome gravitational torque. A. contralateral; latissimus dorsi; abductor B. contralateral; piriformis; adductor C. ipsilateral; latissimus dorsi; adductor D. ipsilateral; piriformis; abductor
contralateral; latissimus dorsi; abductor
(Spine) (Post - Test) The best description of the atlanto-occipital joint is: A. concave superior joint surface on concave inferior joint surface B. concave superior joint surface on convex inferior joint surface C. convex superior joint surface on convex inferior joint surface D. convex superior joint surface on concave inferior joint surface
convex superior joint surface on concave inferior joint surface
(Spine) (Post - Test) The transverse atlantal ligament is part of the: A. alar ligament B. anterior atlanto-occipital membrane C. cruciform ligament D. tectorial membrane
cruciform ligament
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Pre-Test) The distal tarsal bones include the cuneiforms and: A. calcaneus B. cuboid bone C. navicular bone D. talus
cuboid bone
(The Knee) (Post - Test) The bursa found between the tibial tuberosity and the patellar tendon is: A. deep infrapatellar B. gastrocnemius C. prepatellar D. subpopliteal E. suprapatellar
deep infrapatellar
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Pre-Test) All of the following are lateral ankle ligaments EXCEPT: A. anterior talofibular ligament B. bifurcated ligament C. calcaneofibular ligament D. deltoid ligament
deltoid ligament
(Spine) (Pre-Test) A characteristic unique to the thoracic spine is: A. bifid spinous process B. demifacets C. dens D. uncovertebral joint
demifacets
(Spine) (Pre-Test) The zagapophyseal joints are: A. amphiarthrodial B. diarthrodial C. synarthrodial D. synchondrodial
diarthrodial
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Pre-Test) The tibialis anterior muscle contributes to: A. dorsiflexion and eversion B. dorsiflexion and inversion C. plantarflexion and eversion D. plantarflexion and inversion
dorsiflexion and inversion
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Post - Test) Isolated contraction of the anterior tibialis produces ___________. Isolated contraction of the posterior tibialis produces ___________. Co-contraction of the anterior and posterior tibialis produces ___________. A. dorsiflexion; plantarflexion; eversion B. dorsiflexion; plantarflexion; inversion C. plantarflexion; dorsiflexion; eversion D. plantarflexion; dorsiflexion; inversion
dorsiflexion; plantarflexion; inversion
(The Knee) (Post - Test) Performing the lowering motion of a squat with increased attention to preventing knee valgus involves the following muscle activity: A. concentric knee extensors, eccentric hip external rotation, isometric erector spinae B. concentric knee extensors, isometric hip external rotation, eccentric erector spinae C. eccentric knee extensors, concentric hip external rotation, isometric erector spinae D. eccentric knee extensors, isometric hip external rotation, concentric erector spinae
eccentric knee extensors, concentric hip external rotation, isometric erector spinae
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Pre-Test) When the heel rises in weight-bearing (as in walking or going up on tiptoe), the great toe will: A. abduct at the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint B. adduct at the MTP C. extend at the MTP D. flex at the MTP
extend at the MTP
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Pre-Test) Sesamoid bones of the foot are located under the: A. calcaneus B. first metatarsal C. medial cuneiform D. navicular
first metatarsal
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Pre-Test) The sesamoid bones of the foot are found under the: A. first metatarsal B. second metatarsal C. third metatarsal D. fifth metatarsal
first metatarsal
(Spine) (Post - Test) The orientation of the lumbar zygapophyseal joints favors what motions? A. axial elongation and compression B. flexion and extension C. lateral flexion D. rotation
flexion and extension
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Post - Test) The sesamoid bones of the foot serve as an anatomic pulley for the _____________. A. abduction hallucis brevis B. abductor hallucis longus C. flexor hallucis brevis D. flexor hallucis longus
flexor hallucis brevis
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Post-Test) If the right gluteus medius muscle is weak, you would see increased ____ plane motion of the pelvis during right ____ phase of gait. A. frontal; stance B. it would not increase any motion of the pelvis. C. sagittal; swing D. transverse; stance
frontal; stance
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Pre-Test) The proper term for "knock knees" is:? A. coxa valgum B. coxa varum C. genu valgum D. genu varum
genu valgum
(The Knee) (Pre-Test) The larger medial condyle of the femur results in an angle at the knee known as: A. cubital varus B. cubital valgus C. genu varus D. genu valgus
genu valgus
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Pre-Test) The muscle that will ACTIVELY LIMIT(control) hip flexion is the: A. gluteus maximus B. iliacus C. rectus femoris D. tibialis anterior
gluteus maximus
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Post - Test) An individual is lying prone and the hip is taken to end range abduction. The range is limited to 30° with the knee in extension. When the knee is flexed, the leg can be abducted further. Thus, the limiting structure is most likely the ___________. A. biceps femoris B. gracilis C. iliotibial band D. vastus medialis
gracilis
(Spine) (Pre-Test) The intervertebral disc DOES NOT consists of: A. annulosum fibrosum B. granulosum centrosome C. mucoprotein gel D. nucleus pulposus
granulosum centrosome
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Post - Test) A bunion involves a structural deformity of the foot which is described as: A. hallux dorsiflexion B. hallux plantarflexion C. hallux valgus D. hallux varus
hallux valgus
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Post-Test) The most likely compensation that would occur for a lack of ankle dorsiflexion range of motion would be: A. excessive knee flexion B. hip circumduction C. hip external rotation D. toe walking
hip external rotation
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Pre- Test) The rectus femoris muscle contributes to: A. hip abduction and knee extension B. hip adduction and knee flexion C. hip extension and knee flexion D. hip flexion and knee extension
hip flexion and knee extension
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Post - Test) If an individual has an increased anterior pelvic tilt, stretching the __________ or strengthening__________, may help reduce the tilt. A. hamstrings; hip flexors B. hamstrings; quadriceps C. hip flexors; hamstrings D. hip flexors; quadriceps
hip flexors; hamstrings
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Pre- Test) The lesser trochanter is the attachment for the: A. abductor longus B. iliopsoas C. rectus femoris D. sartorius
iliopsoas
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Pre- Test) If a person is standing erect and rotates the trunk to the right, the right hip is in: A. external rotation B. internal rotation
internal rotation
(Spine) (Pre-Test) The ligament that connects spinous processes above and below is the: A. anterior longitudinal B. interspinous C. ligamentum nuchae D. posterior longitudinal
interspinous
(The Knee) (Pre-Test) All of the following structures attach to the patella EXCEPT: A. iliotibial band B. lateral collateral ligament C. patellar ligament D. quadriceps tendon
lateral collateral ligament
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Pre-Test) The "mortise" of the ankle is the space between the: A. medial malleolus and talus B. lateral malleolus and medial malleolus C. talus and calcaneus D. talus and lateral malleolus
lateral malleolus and medial malleolus
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Post - Test) Based on the study by Delp et al., the piriformis muscle was determined to be a: A. lateral rotator in hip extension and a medial rotator in 90° of hip flexion B. lateral rotator throughout all hip motions C. medial rotator in hip extension and a lateral rotator in 90° of hip flexion D. medial rotator throughout all hip motions
lateral rotator in hip extension and a medial rotator in 90° of hip flexion
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Post-Test) Compensation for knee extensor weakness during walking may be achieved by all of the following EXCEPT: A. increased soleus activity B. increased gluteus maximus activity C. leaning the trunk forward D. leaning the trunk backward
leaning the trunk backward
(Spine) (Post - Test)Which muscles contract concentrically to produce right thoracic rotation? A. right external oblique and left internal oblique B. right external oblique and right internal oblique C. left external oblique and right internal oblique D. left external oblique and left internal oblique
left external oblique and right internal oblique
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Pre-Test) The curve of the cervical spine is a_______ and is _______ posteriorly. A. kyphosis; concave B. kyphosis; convex C. lordosis; concave D. lordosis; convex
lordosis; concave
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Pre-Test) In a slumped seated posture, muscles you would expect to be elongated include: A. lumbar erector spinae, longus colli B. lumbar erector spinae, pectoralis major C. pectoralis major, sternocleidomastoid
lumbar erector spinae, longus colli
(Spine) (Post - Test) Anterior pelvic tilt is often accompanied by: A. lumbar extension and hip extension B. lumbar flexion and hip flexion C. lumbar extension and hip flexion D. lumbar flexion and hip extension
lumbar extension and hip flexion
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Post - Test) When palpating the 1st ray of the foot, the sequence of the bones one would encounter (proximal to distal) would be: A. cuboid, lateral cuneiform, metatarsal B. cuboid, navicular, metatarsal C. navicular, cuboid, metatarsal D. navicular, medial cuneiform, metatarsal
navicular, medial cuneiform, metatarsal
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Post-Test) Patient "JT" has been observed to be walking with a decreased step duration on the right. This is most likely due to: A. pain on the left side with weight-bearing B. pain on the right side with weight-bearing C. weakness in left ankle dorsiflexion D. weakness in right ankle dorsiflexion
pain on the right side with weight-bearing
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Post-Test) Static posture is maintained by all of the following EXCEPT: A. passive dermal tension B. passive joint capsule tension C. passive ligamentous tension D. passive muscle tension
passive dermal tension
(The Knee) (Post - Test) The iliotibial band attaches to the lateral border of the _______, contributes to knee _______ when the knee is flexed less than 30°, and contributes to knee _______ when the knee is flexed more than 30°. A. patella; extension; flexion B. patella; flexion; extension C. tibia; extension; flexion D. tibia; flexion; extension
patella; extension; flexion
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Pre-Test) In a slumped seated posture, muscles you would expect to be shortened include: A. lumbar erector spinae, longus colli B. lumbar erector spinae, pectoralis major C. pectoralis major, sternocleidomastoid
pectoralis major, sternocleidomastoid
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Post - Test) During ambulation, poor force development of the left hip abductors may result in: A. pelvic drop on the left with compensatory hip hiking left B. pelvic drop on the left with compensatory hip hiking right C. pelvic drop on the right with compensatory hip hiking left D. pelvic drop on the right with compensatory hip hiking right
pelvic drop on the right with compensatory hip hiking right
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Pre-Test) The peroneal (fibularis) longus and brevis contribute to: A. dorsiflexion and eversion B. dorsiflexion and inversion C. plantar flexion and eversion D. plantar flexion and inversion
plantar flexion and eversion
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Pre-Test) The motion of "pointing your toes" is known as: A. dorsiflexion B. eversion C. inversion D. plantarflexion
plantarflexion
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Post - Test) The motion that occurs at the talocrural joint is: A. abduction/adduction B. inversion/eversion C. plantarflexion/dorsiflexion D. pronation/supination
plantarflexion/dorsiflexion
(The Ankle and Foot Complex) (Pre-Test) The gastrocnemius muscle is biarticulate. Thus, it is the prime mover of ankle _____ and an assistant mover of knee ______. A. dorsiflexion; extension B. dorsiflexion; flexion C. plantarflexion; extension D. plantarflexion; flexion
plantarflexion; flexion
(The Knee) (Post - Test) In closed kinetic chain, the anterior cruciate ligament prevents _______ translation of the femur on the tibia. A. anterior B. lateral C. medial D. posterior
posterior
(The Knee) (Pre-Test) As a person goes into a deep squat, the line of gravity moves ______ to the knee and the flexion moment of the knee ______. A. anterior; decreases B. anterior; increases C. posterior; decreases D. posterior; increases
posterior; increases
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Post-Test) Lumbar disc pathology can be related to flexed sitting postures because of: A. abdominal inactivity results in poor trunk support B. dehydration of the nucleus pulposus C. erector spinae muscle stretch weakness D. prolonged tension on the posterior annulus fibrosus
prolonged tension on the posterior annulus fibrosus
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Pre- Test) The two innominate bones articulate anteriorly via the: A. ischial tuberosity B. pubic symphysis C. sacroiliac
pubic symphysis
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Pre-Test) Hip extension is ACTIVELY LIMITED (controlled) by the: A. gluteus maximus B. rectus abdominis C. rectus femoris D. "Y" ligaments
rectus femoris
(Integrated Function: Posture and Walking) (Pre-Test) Shifting your body weight in standing from bilateral to unilateral stance on the right leg will cause the center of mass of the body to: A. fall and move to the left B. fall and move to the right C. rise and move to the left D. rise and move to the right
rise and move to the right
(Spine) (Pre-Test) The vertebral column contains fused vertebrae of the: A. cervical spine B. thoracic spine C. lumbar spine D. sacral spine
sacral spine
(Spine) (Pre-Test) Cervical flexion occurs in what plane? A. coronal B. frontal C. sagittal D. transverse
sagittal
(The Knee) (Pre-Test) The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments prevent excess _____ plane motion. A. frontal B. horizontal C. sagittal
sagittal
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Post - Test) Hip flexion occurs in the _____ plane. In open kinetic chain hip flexion, the femur rolls _____ and glides _____. A. frontal; anterior; posterior B. frontal; posterior; anterior C. horizontal; posterior; anterior D. sagittal; anterior; anterior E. sagittal; anterior; posterior
sagittal; anterior; posterior
(Spine) (Pre-Test) A characteristic unique to the cervical spine is: A. demifacets B. large vertical height of vertebral body C. long downward facing spinous processes D. transverse foramen
transverse foramen
(Spine) (Post - Test) Cervical retraction is a combination of which cervical movements? A. upper cervical extension and lower cervical extension B. upper cervical flexion and lower cervical flexion C. upper cervical extension and lower cervical flexion D. upper cervical flexion and lower cervical extension
upper cervical flexion and lower cervical extension
(The Hip and Pelvis Complex) (Post - Test) When the angle of inclination of the hip increases, this is called coxa ____________. The change in alignment (shorter distance between femoral head and greater trochanter) results in a ____________ in muscular demand to overcome gravitational adduction moments to maintain hip abduction. A. valgus; decrease B. valgus; increase C. varus; decrease D. varus; increase
valgus; increase
(The Knee) (Pre-Test) The muscle group that generates the most torque at the knee is: A. gastrocnemius-soleus B. hamstrings C. vastus medialis, intermedius, lateralis
vastus medialis, intermedius, lateralis