KNES 315 EXAM 2

While the background of the coach does not permit evaluation at the level of care of a healthcare professional, the coach should still be prepared

to perform an onsite-evaluation of acute injuries

The normal respiration for an adult ___ breaths per minute

10-25

The normal resting pulse rate range for a child is _____________ beats per minute.

120-140

You are a fitness specialist. A 35 year old client comes to a training session having sustained a grade II hamstring strain one week earlier. He is very inquisitive and asks you to explain what is taking place at the injured site. How would you explain the healing process to your client in a manner that makes sense to him?

1st inflammation takes place, blood flows to site of injury. Edema (swelling) and pooling of blood take place 0-6 days, blood starts to clot. WBC move to area and begin removing cellular debris. Repair phase begins 3 days after injury and lasts 3-8 weeks. fibroblasts start laying down collagen after hematoma reduces size to allow for tissue growth. Increase of blood flow to area, and initial scar formation

The tensile strength of a wound 6-8 weeks post-injury is approximately ___ % of normal.

30

Which of the following statements is true?

A compression wrap should be applied in a distal to proximal direction.

3. Which of the following best illustrates a diagnostic sign?

A. edema

In developing an emergency plan, what general areas should be addressed? Why?

Age, and gender of person must be considered there must be acknowledgement of the general cognitive awareness of the population being served. Recognizing that a population may have a higher susceptibility to a specific condition, consideration for the potential consequences associated with that condition

In developing an emergency plan, several areas must be addressed, including I. Population being served II. Potential injuries/ conditions III. Personnel IV. Availability of medical/ first aid equipment V. Communication VI. Documentation

All of the above

In managing an acute injury, the options available to the coach should include I. Standard acute care with no physician referral, but providing the individual with a written instruction sheet II. Standard acute care with physician referral prior to return to activity III. Standard acute care with immediate physician referral IV. Summon EMS

All of the above

The repair phase of healing includes which of the following processes? I) phagocytosis II) angiogenisis III) fibrous tissue formation IV) wound contraction V) decreased fibroblast activity

All of the above

2. A measurable physical finding regarding the individual's condition is called a

B. sign

Why should universal precautions be followed in the management of an open wound?

Because you should treat all blood as if every individuals blood is infected

Which of the following statements is true?

Blood pressure reflects the effectiveness of the circulatory system.

An individual sustains an open wound that results in bleeding. Explain the management of this condition.

Cleaning work surfaces immediately following treatment. An approved biohazard product or a bleach and water solution (mixed at a ratio of 1:10) should be available. ● Cleaning floor spills in accordance with infection control standards. It is important to designate the staff responsible for cleaning various types of spills. . ● Making biohazard waste bags and containers available for dispensing of contaminated disposable materials as well as handling of nondisposable contaminated materials (e.g., clothing; towels). ● Establishing protocols for collection of biohazard materials by an appropriate agency.

1. Information provided by the individual regarding their perception of the problem is call a

D. symptom

What concerns are associated with complete immobilization of a body part following a soft tissue injury? Why?

Delay of healing

Ecchymosis is a fluid with high protein content and cellular debris that forms in the area of injury.

False

In the management of an acute soft tissue injury, protected rest means cessation (stopping) of all physical activity involving the injured area.

False

Neutrophils and macrophages are immature connective tissue cells released into the injured area by the exudate.

False

The application of cold is more important than the application a compression wrap in the management of an acute soft tissue injury.

False

In the process of cleansing an open wound, what conditions would require the coach to recommend immediate physician referral?

If the coach suspects that a wound requires stitches, arrangements should be made to have the individual seek medical attention at an emergency room or urgent care center. If necessary, stitches should be applied within 6 hours to avoid contamination of the wound. If a physician's evaluation suggests contamination, a wound cannot be stitched, as doing so would compromise the healing process.

Which of the following is a potentially "good" or advantageous physiological effect of heat?

Increase in blood flow, Analgesic

The beginning of the acute inflammatory phase of healing involves processes which

Increase the flow of blood to the wound area

Which of the following are physiological effects of application of heat?

Increased blood flow; decreased joint stiffness; increased collagen extensibility

During the inflammatory phase of healing, which of the following is an advantage of movement?

It encourages venous return

Describe scar tissue. What is the significance of movement in the remodeling phase?

Scar tissue is fibrous, inelastic, and nonvascular. Overall it is less strong and less functionable than original tissue

Identify five local factors (not systemic) that can delay the healing of a soft tissue injury.

Size of injury Extent of edema and hemorrhaging muscle spasm infection poor blood supply

Which of the following statements is true?

The emergency plan should be a written document that is comprehensive, yet flexible enough to adapt to any emergency situation at any activity venue.

Following an acute soft tissue injury, the application of superficial heat during the inflammatory phase of healing can be beneficial as a means for increasing blood to the area.

True

Local factors at the site of a wound can delay the healing process; in comparison, systemic factors are not cause for concern as they cannot impede the healing process.

True

The repair phase begins when the hematoma's size decreases enough to permit room for growth of new tissue.

True

True or False? The mechanism of injury is the physical cause or circumstance under which the injury occurred.

True

Can the actions of the coach, physical educator, and fitness specialist as the first responder to an acute soft tissue injury influence the primary or secondary injury zone? Why?

Understanding each phase is essential because it helps determine the appropriate management of an injury and how to monitor the healing process

In developing an emergency plan for a fitness facility, what individuals should be involved in the process? Why?

When developing a emergency plan for a fitness facility representatives from local facilities, athletic trainers, physicians school lawyers and company lawyers should be involved in the process. They need to be involved because

Movement of an affected part by another person or device without effort by the patient is ________ exercise.

active

As a general rule, the coach should always refer an injured individual to the nearest trauma center or emergency clinic if

any life threatening situation is present the injury results in loss of normal function no improvement is seen in injury status after a reasonable amount of time.

Which of the following terms refers to a structure on both sides of the body or body part

bilateral

Pulse rate is usually assed at the _____ artery?

carotid

In the management of an acute injury, a compression wrap should be worn

constantly throughout the time that the individual is awake and asleep

Elevation of an injured site can

decrease capillary pressure

The best method for controlling bleeding of an open wound is

direct pressure

Active movement involves joint motion performed voluntarily by the individual through muscular contraction.

false

In assessing pain, the only factors that need to be determined are the location and type of pain.

false

What is exudate?

fluid with cellular debris & high protein content

The stage of cold sensation that includes a burning and aching feeling occurs

from approximately 2 minutes after the application of the cold and lasts for approximately 7 minutes

Subjective information is gained through the __________ of the HOPS process

history observation palpation special testing

What is phagocytosis?

ingestion of cellular debris

You are a high school physical education teacher. A sophomore student comes to class on Monday using crutches, having sustained a 2nd degree ankle sprain. The inquisitive student asks you why she needs to be on crutches. Based on your understanding of the healing process, how would you respond to the student?

limit movement of injured area to control bleeding but also allows for movement for collagen fibers to be set

Visual analysis of overall appearance, symmetry, willingness and ability to move is called

observation

Activity specific test are intended to assess each of the following EXCEPT

range of motion

The application of a compression following an acute soft tissue injury can

reduce the space available for fluid seepage

Hypoxia refers to the

the disruption of oxygen supply

Skin color can be assessed by observing

the face, mucous membranes, and nail beds.

In the history component of an assessment, information pertaining to the primary complaint focuses on the

the status of the ABC's

In assessing an injury, a coach should determine if the individual experienced other unusual sensations at the time of injury by asking questions such as "did you hear anything" and "did you feel anything."

true

In assessing an on-site acute injury, it is critical that the coach begin the assessment by asking if the individual has sustained previous injury to the body part.

true

The coach should only complete components of an assessment that are within their standard of care.

true