Korean studies mid-term
-Kim instead argues that minjung song should be seen as an integral part of popular music. What are some of his supporting arguments?
It encouraged popular music to be more radical ,rich, and diverse
How is the Korean war remembered in the US
It is mostly forgotten
Who was listening to Japan-influenced yuhaengga from the colonial period?
Korean students
How is the Korean war remembered in North Korea
Lost of anger towards the US
What did college culture look like in the 1970s? What was folk music's relationship to trot? or rock?
Lots of streaking, long hair, bell-bottoms, pit, go-go music halls. Not the mainstream.
What was the Yusin system? Who were Kim Jiha and Jeon Taeil? What happened to them? How did the Park regime come to an end?
- President for life: the existing limit on consecutive presidential terms was removed. Presidential elections were to be held in a sports arena, where the regime's handpicked delegates would unanimously endorse the lone candidate running. - The new constitution granted President Park the power to dissolve the national assembly and newly appoint one-third of its members. It also allowed him to handpick all of the judges. - Jeon Taeil- was a South Korean sewing worker and workers' rights activist who committed suicide by self-immolation at the age of 22 in protest at the poor working conditions of South Korean factories. - Kim Jiha- Kim received the death penalty in 1974 for charges of anti-government activity. The sentence was commuted to life imprisonment and then early release, thanks to the support of the domestic and international community. - On October 26, 1979, Park Chung Hee was assassinated during a dinner party at the KCIA safehouse. The shooter, Kim Jaegyu, was the head of the KCIA and one of Park's closest associates at the time.
Identify this music
- Seekers of Song, "Four Seasons" (Sagye) - Ch'oe Toŭn, "March for the Beloved" (Im ŭl wihan haengjin'gok) - Yi Sŏn-hŭi, "To J" (J ege) (1984) - Sobangch'a, "Last Night's Story" (Ŏjetpam iyagi) (1987)
Identify the music
- Shin Joong Hyun, "The Belle" (Miin), 1974 - Pearl Sisters, "A Cup of Coffee" (K'ŏp'i hanjan), 1968 - Yang Hŭi-ŭn, "Morning Dew" (Ach'im isŭl), 1971 - Song Ch'ang-sik, "Whale Hunting" (Korae sanyang), 1975
Identify song and performer
- Yi Hae-yŏn, "The Heartbreak of Miari Pass" (Tanjang ŭi Miari Kogae), 1956 - Yi Mi-ja, "Camellia Girl" (Tongbaek agassi), 1964 - Nam Chin, "With My Love" (Nim kwa hamkke), 1972 - Na Hu-na, "Weed" (Chapch'o), 1982
What was the IMF crisis? Why did it happen? How did people respond? What resulted from it?
-A foreign currency crisis in South Asia caused panic among speculative investors. Since many of them also suspected the financial instability of Korean companies, they abruptly withdrew their capital from Korea in November 1997. Plus, international financial institutions refused to roll over short-term debts of the Korean government and discredited Korean companies, demanding immediate payment. Facing national bankruptcy, Korea applied for an IMF financial rescue program. -1. Harsher labor conditions: liquidation of the labor market (i.e. increase of irregular employment), contraction of labor rights, etc. 2. Increase of inbound and outbound migration 3. Demographic irregularities: low birth rate, dramatic increase in the suicide rate 4. Emergence of the "Samp'o generation": youth giving up on the possibility of love, marriage, and parenthood due to financial constraints
Study the rise and fall of the Syngman Rhee regime:
-Having spent most of his youth in the US, Syngman Rhee returned to US-controlled Korea in 1945 and was elected president of South Korea in 1948. -In 1956, Rhee modified the constitution and rigged the election to serve another term as president, which triggered mass protests. -4.19 revolution- The youth-led protests in April 1960 forced Rhee to resign and flee to Hawaii. He died in Honolulu in 1965.
What characterizes the Kim Dae Jung and Roh Moo-hyun presidency? What kind of foreign policy did each government take?
-Reconciliation with North Korea - sunshine policy -the people's president- anti-authoritarianism
Study the major characteristics of Park Chung Hee's Developmentalist Dictatorship.
-South Korea under Park's rule was one of the most militarized states in the entire world. - The KCIA was given the authority to arrest and detain anyone suspected of communist or anti-government leanings.
Who is "the minjung"? What is the minjung movement? What are the four prominent themes in minjung culture?
-The minjung is not a single class like the bourgeoisie or proletariat of Europe, but rather a class confederation composed of anti-colonial pro-democratic nationalists, including intellectuals, students, peasants, factory workers, and the petit bourgeoisie of South Korea. -The term refers to Korea's populist nationalist democratization movement of the 1980s and beyond. Members of this movement retained a distinct political and cultural identity even after the fall of the military regimes. 1. Civil disobedience against the militarist regime and the memorialization of the Kwangju Uprising as a symbol of popular resistance. 2. Anti-capitalist critique from the underbellies of South Korean society 3. Anticolonial nationalist critique of American neo-imperialism, as well as Japanese imperialism, and their perceived collaborators in national ruling elites. This theme was inspired by, and also inspired, South Korea's self-conscious alliance with the "Third-World" countries. 4. Rewriting Korean history from the populist-nationalist perspective of the minjung. Combined with the anticolonial nationalist theme, this revisionist reassessment of Korean history led to South Korean activists' rethinking about North Korea and their support for economic and cultural exchanges with North Korea for the ultimate goal of national unification.
what are the 4 phases of Japanese colonization in Korea
1. The military rule period 1910-19 Japan enforces heavy-handed military governance The primary task for the colonial state was to ferret out and pacify the remaining sources of armed resistance and to stifle any lots seeking restoration of Korean autonomy Unofficial newspapers and publication activities were all shut down 2. The cultural rule period 1919-31 Japan takes relatively relaxed and liberal colonial policies After the March First Movement, the colonial government replaced the military rule of the 1910s with cultural rule, a seemingly more benign governing approach that allowed Koreans to pursue social, economic, and cultural activities more freely 3. Japan's continental expansion period 1931-37 After invading Manchuria in 1931, Japan spurs the industrialization of Korea as a key military and industrial base for its continental expansion Repression of anti-colonial and communist movements intensifies, and the center of anti-colonialism resistance moves to Manchuria -cultural activism declines, while a new urban culture flourishes in major cities -with industrialization, there emerges in Korea a new middle class of professionals and entrepreneurs 4. The final phase 1937-45: total imperialization period To mobilize Korea's material and human resources into the war effort, Japan adopts intensive assimilation policies Material: extraction of resources such as food and raw materials, forced labor Spiritual: the exclusive use of Japanese in publications, the change of names from Korean to Japanese; the promotion of intermarriage; the mandatory worship of Shintoism; the forced ideological conversion of socialist
What are some things that Kim notes as the historical significance of minjung song?
1990s encouraged the introduction of reggae music. 1990s was against the government's censorship.
Who were the people listening to American music in 1950s South Korea?
American Service men
How is the Korean war remembered in Korea
Appreciate the US's involvement and it is also a tragedy because they are no longer speaking to their family
What is mimicry? What was its role in the development of Korean popular culture?
It developed the music industry by having more Western influence
How did the genre of mambo get introduced to Korea?
By service men
What was the Gwangju Uprising? Why did it happen? What resulted from it?
In May 1980, civilians in the southwestern city of Gwangju led a peaceful protest to protest against the martial law government. These protestors were fired upon, killed, raped, and beaten by Chun Doo-hwan's armed troops who were sent in to squash the demonstrators The west is considered underdeveloped and persecuted Mostly students were protesting Dead 163, missing 166, dead after injury- in reality it is more like a few thousand
In what ways did Seo Taiji go against the social norms of 1990s' South Korea, and in what ways did he conform?
In what ways did Seo Taiji go against the social norms of 1990s' South Korea, and in what ways did he conform?
John Lie describes the emergence of dance music in South Korea in the mid to late 80s. What are some events/conditions/factors that led up to this shift?
Music and dance are of course inextricably intertwined in many ritual and leisure contexts, but R & B and disco seem, in retrospect, merely to have set the stage for the pop revolution in dance.
What kind of music did the government sanction?
Music that they made and censored
Who were the main audience of folk music? What did they like about folk music?
Students. Because it talked about poverty and criticized the government
How did the spread of television influence 1980s pop culture in South Korea?
Television stations, having dethroned movie theaters as the principal loci of entertainment in South Korea, aired staid and certainly depoliticized programs, music included
March First Independence Movement
The 1919 march first movement 33 religious leaders signed a declaration of independence in Seoul, igniting planned and spontaneous uprisings across the nation It started at Pagoda Park in Seoul and spread nationwide. The subsequent, year-long ant-colonization
US Military Government
The USAMGIK maintained much of the systems and resources of the Japanese colonial regime, including the police and military, for a more efficient and convenient rule over Koreans. These structures again remained largely intact when the south Korean gov was instituted In the case of the South Korean police force, for example, more than 80% of high-ranking officers had served in the Japanese colonial force
Where did Sin Chung-hyŏn get his musical influence? Who were his main listeners?
The beatles and eric clapton. he got a lot of his inspiration from playing at camptowns. College students and people who liked folk music.
What was the 4.19 generation
The generation of youth that led the 4.19 protests is remembered as the "4.19 Generation" or the "Hangul Generation" in South Korea. - Compared to the "Korean War Generation" that precedes them, the "4.19 Generation" tends to be more idealistic, pro-democratic, and on the progressive side of the political spectrum.
Who was listening to pre-colonial traditional Korean music?
The older population
How did the government respond to the popularity of group sound rock music?
Too loud, unhealthy, and too American
What were some social, economic, technological factors that enabled the post-1990 rise of boy bands in South Korea?
Without South Korea's economic enrichment and political democratization, and without the emergence of South Korean youth who had access to discretionary income, the group would have disappeared, just as the television judges had wished.
trot
a genre of Korean popular music, known for its use of repetitive rhythm and vocal inflections. Originating during the Japanese occupation of Korea in the first half of the 20th century, trot was influenced by many genres of Korean, Japanese, American, and European music. [1]
Chang Nam Kim gives us a summary of Yi Yŏngmi's 2005 essay that considers minjung song as a subculture. What are the three reasons why she argues minjung song should be seen as a subculture? What are the advantages of this view? What are its limitations?
against the mainstream, it needed an active audience, not mass produced
How was the Chun Doo-hwan regime's cultural policy different from that of Park Chung Hee?
encouraged the 3 s, sex, sports, promoting screens- distractions
How did Seo Taiji influence 1990s' South Korean music, performance, and fashion?
it was edgy and more androgynous