KRS 480 EXAM 1 Multiple Choice
Body lipids serve which of the following functions? A. They form body structures, help regulate metabolism, and provide a source of energy. (PPT) B. Cholesterol is a component of thyroxine and oxytocin, which have diverse effects in the regulation of human metabolism. C. The majority of the phospholipids in the body are used by the liver to produce bile salts. D. All of the answers are correct.
A
During exercise, the intake of which of the following nutrients will provide the most significant protein sparing effect, i. e., decrease the use of protein as an energy source? A. carbohydrate B. medium chain triglycerides C. carnitine D. thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin E. caffeine
A
Fats are stored in the body as . A. triglycerides in muscle B. monoglycerides in liver C. diglycerides in adipose tissue D. Both A and B E. Both A and C
A
HMB supplementation appears to offer the greatest benefit to: A. resistance trained individuals B. endurance trained individuals C. untrained individuals D. elderly individuals
A
How many Calories does one gram of fat yield? A. 9 B. 7 C. 5 D. 4
A
Linoleic acid A. is an essential fatty acid that must be supplied in the diet. B. daily requirements range from 6-7 grams per day. C. is hard to obtain in adequate amounts on a vegetarian diet. D. is a saturated fatty acid that must be supplied in the diet.
A
Nitrate supplementation has been shown to: A. reduce blood pressures B. stimulate muscle tissue growth C. buffer lactic acid D. increase fat oxidation
A
Research involving creatine supplementation has shown it to have a positive ergogenic effect on all but which of the following? A. Gains in either total body mass or lean body mass B. Energy metabolism when treadmill running at 50-90 percent of VO2 max C. Anaerobic endurance tests such as running performance in 300 meters (PPT) D. Tasks characterized by repetitive high-intensity exercise bouts with brief recovery periods
A
Supplementation with some amino acids has been theorized to decrease the formation of serotonin in the brain and possibly help delay the onset of central nervous system fatigue in prolonged aerobic endurance exercise. Which amino acids are theorized to do this? A. leucine, isoleucine, and valine B. arginine, ornithine, and inosine C. tryptophan, arginine, and creatine D. inosine, creatine, and alanine E. asparagine, aspartic acid, and glutamine
A
The central fatigue hypothesis proposes that endurance exercise can lead to __________________ . A. decreased blood levels of BCAA; increased brain tryptophan; increased brain serotonin B. decreased blood levels of BCAA; decreased brain tryptophan; increased brain serotonin C. increased blood levels of BCAA; increased brain tryptophan; increased brain serotonin D. increased blood levels of BCAA; decreased brain tryptophan; decreased brain serotonin
A
The level of serum triglyceride that is considered desirable is ______ milligrams per deciliter of blood. A. less than 150 B. 200-300 C. 300-400 D. more than 400
A
The major energy food for high intensity aerobic endurance sport performance is: A. carbohydrate B. fat C. protein D. water E. alcohol
A
The metabolic production of glucose from amino acids is greatest during A. the later stages of a long endurance event B. supramaximal exercise such as power lifting C. carbohydrate loading D. The human body cannot produce carbohydrates from amino acids.
A
When considering the functions of protein in human nutrition, which of the following is true? A. The branched-chain amino acids constitute a significant amount of muscle tissue B. The potential energy contained in protein can not be used in the human body C. Protein is a major energy source for humans at rest F D. Tissue building takes precedence over energy production during periods of semistarvation F
A
Which hormone is released from the pancreas and generally increases the rate of gluconeogenesis in the liver? A. glucagon B. cortisol C. epinephrine D. human growth hormone E. adrenalin
A
Which is most likely to be a complete, high-quality protein food? A. cheddar cheese B. peanut butter C. green peas D. corn E. macaroni
A
Which lipid dietary component appears to be most likely to cause an increase in serum cholesterol and the development of atherosclerosis? A. Saturated and trans fats B. polyunsaturated and linolenic fatty acids C. monounsaturated and oleic fats D. omega-3 and eicosapentanoeic fatty acids E. phospholipids and triglycerides
A
Which of the following are good sources of bioavailable dietary iron? A. Red meat B. Spinach C. Beans D. All of the above E. None of the above
A
Which of the following factors does NOT support the concept that sports nutrition is becoming increasingly important for optimal athletic performance? A. The published literature about nutrition for sports is limited to information from sports magazines and books B. An organization known as SCAN was created due to concern about sports nutrition C. National and international food product corporations are manufacturing food products specifically for the athlete D. Courses in sports nutrition have been developed at many colleges
A
Which of the following has the greatest protein-sparing effect? A. Consumption of adequate dietary carbohydrate B. Consumption of adequate dietary fat C. Consuming plenty of water D. Consuming plenty of non-protein nitrogen-containing compounds.
A
Which of the following is not an essential amino acid? A. alanine B. leucine C. isoleucine D. valine E. tryptophan
A
Which of the following is not an example of complementary proteins? A. corn tortilla and wheat bread B. whole wheat bread and beans C. Spanish rice and refried beans D. Peanut butter and whole wheat bread E. Corn and lima beans (Succotash)
A
Which of the following is the key principle underlying the adaptations to exercise that may provide a wide array of health benefits, and incorporates the intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise? A. Overload B. Progression C. Reversibility D. Overuse E. Specificity
A
Which of the following is true when discussing the possible ergogenic effect of specific amino acids? A. Arginine, lysine, and ornithine have been shown to enhance muscular development and strength (p. 240) B. Tryptophan appears to be ergogenic in short-term exercise tasks F C. Although some early research indicated BCAA supplementation improved performance in marathon running performance of "slower" runners, most subsequent research it is not an effective ergogenic aid D. Most scientific research supports the fact that glutamine supplementation enhances immune function during intense, prolonged training F
A
Which of the following statements comparing animal and plant protein is INCORRECT? A. All natural, unprocessed animal and plant foods contain all twenty amino acids B. Animal protein is considered to be a complete or high-quality protein C. Proteins usually exist in smaller concentrations in plant foods, thus the quality of amino acids found in plants is inferior to those obtained from animals D. Most plant proteins have insufficient amounts of one or more of the essential amino acids
A
Which of the following statements regarding Omega-3 fatty acids is correct? A. They may be metabolized to produce prostaglandin E, which may stimulate the release of human growth hormone B. They may be incorporated in the membrane of the red blood cell, making the RBC more resistant to flow C. They have been theorized to be ergogenic for endurance athletes only D. There is sufficient scientific support for them to be classified as an ergogenic agent
A
Which of the following statements relative to cholesterol is false? A. all healthy diets should contain no cholesterol at all B. your body will manufacture most of the cholesterol that it needs C. cholesterol is a vital part of the structure of most body cells D. cholesterol is involved in the formation of certain compounds in the body, such as several hormones and bile salts E. excessive accumulation of cholesterol in the blood may pose a high risk for the development of coronary heart disease
A
Which of the following would be considered a component of health-related fitness? A. Flexibility B. Speed C. Power D. Skill
A
Which of the human energy systems produce ATP at the fastest rate? A. ATP-PC B. Lactic acid C. Aerobic glycolytic D. Aerobic lipolytic E. Anaerobic lipolytic
A
11. The most prevalent ergogenic aids used to increase sport performance are those classified as A. physiological. B. nutritional. C. pharmacological. D. mechanical.
B
A HIGH QUALITY protein is best described as one that: A. contains 10 grams of protein per 100 grams of food B. contains all of the essential amino acids in the proper amounts and ratio C. contains all of the nonessential amino acids D. contains adequate amounts of glucose for protein sparing E. contains the amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine
B
A sports nutritionist recommends that Arnold consume 25 percent of kcal from fat. If he consumes 4000 Calories per day, about how many grams of fat should he consume in a day? (pick the closest number) A. 65 B. 110 C. 320 D. 640 E. 1000
B
An ergogenic aid is something that is A. added to a food to increase its nutrient value. B. designed to increase potential for work output, such as in sport. C. used to restore nutrients removed in processing. D. a legal term used by the FDA to designate nutritional supplements that may enhance health status. E. a device used to facilitate the measurement of energy in a food.
B
Because the human body cannot store excess nitrogen, A. deamination removes it from the amino acid, leaving a substrate known as acetyl CoA. B. ammonia is formed from the excess nitrogen and the liver converts it into urea, which is eventually eliminated by the kidneys. C. the possible energy content of excess amino acids is wasted. D. All of the answers are correct.
B
Charlie is a serious middle distance triathlete who requires 4000 kcal per day for his training program. He plans to eat the "40/30/30 diet" (40% CHO, 30% fat, and 30% protein, as a % of energy intake) to meet his energy needs for training. What are the potential effects of this plan? A. This type of diet is needed to help him meet the increased protein needs of triathletes. B. Carbohydrate intake will be somewhat high. C. Fluid accumulation in body tissues will decrease water needs during exercise. D. The high protein intake will decrease water needs due to increased metabolic water production. E. His existing kidney problem could be aggravated.
B
Dietary fats are absorbed into the body in which of the following ways? A. Medium-chain triglycerides are converted to chylomicron and then transported directly to the liver B. Lipids are hydrolyzed into fatty acids, glycerol, cholesterol, and phospholipids with the aid of the emulsifying action of the bile salts C. Long-chain fatty acids are absorbed directly into the blood D. A chylomicron is formed in the liver and then transported to the cells via the blood
B
During endurance exercise, which of the following can happen to muscle protein? A. Muscle protein is conserved for muscle fiber structure and will not be catabolized for energy production. B. When muscle protein is utilized for energy production, amino acid nitrogen is removed from the muscle primarily by alanine. C. Protein in type 1 red slow twitch muscle fibers cannot be utilized for energy. D. Muscle protein will only be used when the supply of energy from fat sources is low.
B
For adults, how many essential amino acids are there? A. 6 B. 9 C. 12 D. 14 E. 20
B
For the past few days, Matt has not been eating enough carbohydrate. As a result, the carbohydrate stores in his body are low. During the last half hour of a hard 2-hour run, what percent of energy expenditure might be derived from protein? A. None (0%) B. 5 to 15% (p. 227) C. 30 to 50% D. Almost 100%
B
Research suggests that creatine supplementation is MOST likely to enhance performance in which of the following types of physical performance tasks? A. an all-out power lift in one second B. high intensity exercise lasting 6-30 seconds C. 10 kilometer race lasting about 30 minutes D. marathon running (26.2 miles) E. ultramarathons, such as Ironman-type triathlons
B
The consumption of individual amino acids A. may lead to an increase in appetite. B. may interfere with the absorption of other essential amino acids. C. may lead to a cardiopulmonary disorder known as eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. D. is recommended as safe by the FDA.
B
The metabolic production of glucose from amino acids is a form of ______. A. Hypoglycemia B. Gluconeogenesis C. Ergolytic process D. Carbohydrate loading E. The human is incapable of producing glucose from amino acids
B
The nutrients that are primarily responsible for helping to regulate bodily processes are A. carbohydrates and fat. B. vitamins, minerals, and protein. C. carbohydrate, fat, and minerals. D. fat, protein, and carbohydrates.
B
The recommended protein intake for an individual trying to gain muscle mass through strength training is ________ grams of protein per kilogram body weight. A. 1.6-1.7 B. 1.2-1.4 (p. 236) C. 1.0-0.8 D. 0.5-0.7
B
What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein? A. 6-10 percent of daily caloric intake B. 10-35 percent of daily caloric intake C. 20-45 percent of daily caloric intake D. 45-65 percent of daily caloric intake E. 70-80 percent of daily caloric intake
B
Which food exchange has the greatest percentage of its calories derived from fat? A. skim milk B. lean meat C. starch/bread D. vegetable E. fruit
B
Which of the following is true of experimental research? A. The results of a single study are sufficient to prove a theory B. It is essential to establishing a cause and effect relationship C. It is an easy task to control risk factors in free-living humans D. It involves studying large populations to find relationships between two or more variables
B
All of the following are true physiological functions exhibited by protein EXCEPT A. it forms the structural basis of muscle tissue. B. it is the major component of most enzymes in the muscle. C. it is the major energy source during exercise. D. All of the answers are correct.
C
Fat is a very efficient, compact means to store energy A. because fat has more than three times the Calories per gram than do carbohydrates and protein. B. as there is very little water in a gram of protein, compared to the 3-4 grams of water stored with each gram of fat. C. with approximately 80,000-100,000 Calories stored in the adipose tissue of the average adult male. D. None of the answers are correct.
C
How many average minutes per day of moderate exercise is recommended? A. 15 B. 20 C. 30 D. 45
C
Research suggests that protein may be a significant source of energy during A. strenuous weight training and accounts for up to 15 percent of the total energy cost. B. brief sessions of high-intensity exercise. C. the latter stage of prolonged endurance exercise, when protein could contribute up to 15 percent of the total energy cost. D. times when the body stores of glycogen and glucose are adequate.
C
Studies have shown that endurance trained athletes A. derive more energy from carbohydrate at the same level of exercise than they did prior to training. B. rely less on ketones as an energy source. C. have an increased muscle triglyceride content. D. exhibit a decreased sensitivity of the adipose cells to epinephrine.
C
Success in sport is based primarily upon superior athletic ability, which in turn depends mostly on which of these two major factors? A. Mechanical and psychological coaching and training B. Biomechanical and physiological characteristics C. Natural genetic endowment and state of training D. Psychological and physiological genetic characteristics
C
The level of total cholesterol that represents the borderline/high risk category is _________ milligrams per deciliter of blood. A. less than 180 B. 180-200 C. 200-239 (p. 197) D. 240-260
C
The process involving the formation of glucose from protein in the body is known as: A. glycolysis B. glucolysis C. glycogenolysis D. gluconeogenesis E. aminogenesis
C
Which basic principle of exercise training is associated with the concept that cardiovascular-respiratory training will enhance adaptations primarily in the heart whereas resistance training will enhance adaptations primarily in the skeletal muscles? A. Overuse B. Overload C. Specificity D. Progression E. Reversibility
C
Which food is highest in both carbohydrate and protein? A. bread B. potato C. baked beans D. banana E. crackers
C
Which of the following foods has the highest cholesterol content? A. Ice cream B. French toast C. Eggs D. Lobster
C
Which of the following is not a health-related fitness component? A. Body composition B. Cardiovascular fitness C. Speed D. Flexibility E. Muscular strength
C
Which of the following is true concerning the functions of lipids in the body? A. The majority of the triglycerides are stored within and between the muscle cells B. The FFA are reduced to acetyl CoA and produce energy via the lactic acid system C. Ketones are metabolic byproducts of excess fatty acid metabolism and are an important energy source during fasting and starvation D. The FFAs are used by the liver to form other lipids or glucose
C
Which of the following is true of lipids? A. Lipids are a class of inorganic substances that are insoluble in water B. Glycerol is obtained only from one's diet, with cholesterol as the major source C. Fatty acids are classified according to the number of carbon atoms each contains and the number of complete chemical bonds that each molecule has D. Omega-3 fatty acids are a special class of monounsaturated fatty acids found mainly in fish oils
C
Which of the following statements relative to protein metabolism is false? A. excess protein may be converted to glucose in the body B. the liver is a critical center for the control of amino acid metabolism C. essential amino acids can be formed in the liver from carbohydrate and nitrogen from non- essential amino acids (essential acids cannot be manufactured in the body) D. excess protein may be converted to fat in the body E. urea is a waste product of protein metabolism
C
Why might endurance athletes have increased protein needs? A. Muscle bulking from endurance exercise is the major factor that can increase the protein needs of endurance athletes. B. Endurance athletes rely on a large proportion of fat for fuel, which results in an increased mobilization of protein from adipose cell membranes. C. Endurance athletes regularly deplete their body's carbohydrate stores, which can force the body to utilize amino acids for energy and to maintain normal levels of plasma glucose. D.Endurance athletes utilize large amounts of carbohydrate. Since each gram of glycogen is associated with 3 grams of protein, protein also is utilized. E. None of the above answers are correct.
C
10. Which of the following is true of ergogenic aids? A. They may only be classified as mechanical or nutritional B. There are a number of theoretical nutritional aids, but they are limited to the vitamin and mineral supplements C. Supplementation is necessary for most athletes to improve their performance D. All essential nutrients are considered to be legal for use in conjunction with athletic competition
D
7. According to research, which of the following athletic groups appear to be obtaining adequate nutrition? A. Gymnasts B. Runners C. Ballet dancers D. Football players
D
A review of research supports that there may be an ergogenic effect associated with the use of ____________ supplementation. A. glutamine B. tryptophan C. glycine D. creatine
D
Dietary supplements may contain A. essential vitamins and minerals. B. herbal products such as gingko. C. various amino acids D. All of these choices are correct.
D
Expressed as a PERCENTAGE of its total caloric value, which food exchange has the highest protein content? A. starch/bread B. whole milk C. vegetables D. lean meat E. fruit
D
In which of the following athletic events would fat assume a more important role as an energy source for the muscles? A. 800 meter run (2 minutes) B. 25 mile bicycle race (1 hour) C. 10 kilometer run (30 minutes) D. 10 mile swim (4.5 hours) E. soccer game (90 minutes)
D
Malnutrition may exist A. when an individual does not receive an adequate intake of nutrients. B. when an individual consumes excessive amounts of single or multiple nutrients. C. to such an extent that insufficient energy may impair athletic performance. D. All of these choices are correct.
D
Nitrate may be found in: A. oranges B. pork C. beef D. leafy greens
D
Nutrients perform three major functions in the human body. Among these is A. providing energy, with protein being the prime source. B. regulating body processes with fat being the prime contributor. C. building and repairing body tissues with vitamins and minerals being the prime source. D. building and repairing body tissues with protein being the prime source.
D
Sound nutritional research involving exercise performance is best performed using placebo controls, crossover designs, and double-blinded use of nutritional ergogenics. In which of the following publications would you be LEAST likely to find such a study? A. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism B. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise C. Journal of the American Dietetics Association D. Runner's World E. Journal of Applied Physiology
D
The essential element in protein that is not possessed by either carbohydrate or fat is A. carbon. B. hydrogen. C. oxygen. D. nitrogen.
D
The leading cause of death in the United States is A. infectious diseases. B. cancer. C. stroke. D. diseases of the heart.
D
The major dietary source of lipids are A. phospholipids. B. cholesterol. C. sterols. D. triglycerides.
D
The most popularly known method of classification of the major lipoproteins is based on the density of the lipoprotein particle. Which of the following statements is correct based on this method? A. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) consist primarily of triglycerides from exogenous sources B. VLDL and IDL are both associated with apoprotein A C. LDL or low-density lipoproteins contain a high proportion of triglycerides D. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) contain 45-50 percent protein and are associated with apoprotein A
D
The protein isolated from which of the following plant foods is most comparable to animal protein? A. Oats B. Wheat C. Peas D. Soybeans
D
What is the most appropriate method for determining the protein needs of an endurance or strength athlete? A. use the AMDR of 10-35% of kcals B. use the RDA of 0.8 grams/kg C. both A and B are acceptable methods D. none of the above are appropriate for athletes
D
Which of the following can happen to muscle protein? A. Muscle protein is conserved for muscle fiber structure and never serves as an energy source.F B. Muscle protein can be utilized for energy production and the nitrogen is removed from the muscle primarily by lactate. F (alanine) C. Protein in type 1 red slow twitch muscle fibers cannot be utilized for energy. D. Muscle protein is used in significant amounts for energy production when muscle glycogen is low.
D
Which of the following has the least amount of dietary protein? A. one ounce of chicken breast B. one-half cup of baked beans C. one slice of whole wheat bread D. one orange E. one-half glass of skim milk
D
Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of physical activity? A. reduced levels of depression and anxiety B. improved control of body weight and body fatness C. reduced risk of developing diabetes D. prevention of skin cancer E. reduced risk of osteoporosis, or frail bones
D
Which of the following is most conducive to the development of atherosclerosis? A. a total cholesterol of 190 milligrams B. a low level of very low density lipoprotein cholesterol C. a high density lipoprotein cholesterol of 70 milligrams D. a low density lipoprotein cholesterol of 170 milligrams E. a total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio of less than 3.5
D
Which of the following is true for exercise when fat is the energy source? A. During rest, most of the energy needs of the body are met by the supply of plasma FFA to the cells. B. Hormones, such as epinephrine, are secreted during exercise, activate HSL, and these stimulate the release of FFA into the blood. C. During high-intensity exercise, 75 percent of the total energy cost is derived from carbohydrates, while the other 25 percent or less is derived from fat. D. All of the answers are correct.
D
Which of the following statements best reflects the research on fat loading? A. Consumption of a high-fat meal several hours prior to performance will enhance performance B. The 40-30-30 diet will enhance athletic performance C. Fasting for 24 hours will improve endurance exercise performance D. Current scientific literature does not support the notion that fat loading will enhance performance
D
Which of the following statements concerning protein metabolism and exercise is NOT true? A. Weight training promotes synthesis of the contractile muscle proteins B. The effect of training in producing a positive protein balance during the recovery period depends on an adequate supply of protein and Calories C. Aerobic exercise stimulates synthesis of oxidative and mitochondria enzymes D. After exercise, protein balance is at the very most maintained, but is usually negative
D
Which of the following statements regarding protein and related health effects is FALSE? A. Diets rich in protein do not appear to increase the risk of coronary heart disease, although eating high-fat meats may increase risks B. Animal foods provide about 70 percent of daily protein intake in the typical American diet, and one recommendation is to reduce animal protein intake to 30 percent, while deriving the remaining 70 percent from plant foods C. Meat that has been charred may produce heterocyclic amines (HCAs); excessive consumption of HCAs may be associated with increased risk of colon cancer D. Individuals who are worried about the development of osteoporosis should reduce their protein intake to levels about 50 percent of the RDA or less E. Individuals who want to obtain the benefits of phytochemicals in soy products should incorporate soy foods in their diet rather than consuming phytochemicals dietary supplements
D
Which of the following statements relative to protein and exercise is FALSE? A. protein may be catabolized during exercise and used as an energy source, but the contribution generally is about 5-6 percent or less B. carbohydrate intake may exert a protein-sparing effect during exercise C. very low levels of protein intake during training may lead to the development of a condition known as sports anemia D. research has shown that individuals who are training to gain weight need about 6 to 8 grams of protein per kilogram body weight E. in general, research has shown that protein supplementation above the RDA will not improve physiological performance capacity during exercise
D
Why might endurance athletes have increased protein needs? A. Muscle bulking from endurance exercise is the major factor that can increase the protein needs of endurance athletes B. Endurance athletes rely on a large proportion of fat for fuel which results in an increased mobilization of protein from adipose cell membranes. C. Endurance athletes utilize large amounts of carbohydrate. Since each gram of glycogen is associated with 3 grams of protein, protein also is utilized. D. Endurance athletes regularly deplete their body's carbohydrate stores, which can force muscles to utilize some amino acids to maintain energy and glucose production. E. None of the above answers are correct.
D
cientific research has shown that individual amino acid supplements may A. induce the formation of certain chemicals in the brain needed for nerve impulse transmission. B. lead to nutritional imbalances, as an overload of one amino acid may inhibit the absorption of others into the body. C. induce the secretion of hormones. D. All answers are correct.
D
. Endurance-trained athletes use more fat for energy production than untrained individuals during a standardized endurance exercise task due to: A. increased blood flow and capillarization of muscle tissue B. increased muscle triglyceride content C. increased sensitivity of muscle and adipose cells to epinephrine D. improved ability to use ketones as an energy source E. all of the above
E
According to the recent American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand on physical activity and weight loss, how many minutes of exercise per week has been associated with clinically significant weight loss. A. 30 B. 60 C. 100 D. 150 E. More than 250
E
Although exercise may confer many health benefits, excessive exercise may actually impair health. Which of the following is a potential health problem associated with excessive exercise? A. Orthopedic problems. B. Impaired immune functions. C. Heat illness and kidney failure. D. Heart attack. E. All of these choices are correct.
E
Based on recent recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association relative to exercise and health benefits for adults, which of the following statements is false? A. Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise should be done for a minimum of 30 minutes daily on 5 days each week B. Vigorous-intensity exercise may be done for a minimum of 20 minutes on 3 days each week C. Each daily exercise bout of aerobic exercise may be done continuously or in smaller segments, such as three 10-minute bouts D. In general, more is better as exceeding the minimum recommended amounts of exercise may provide additional health benefits E. Resistance exercise, including exercises for the major muscle groups in the body, is recommended at least 5, and preferably 7 days per week
E
The apoproteins A (apo A) are associated with which type lipoprotein? A. chylomicron B. very low density C. intermediate density D. low density E. high density
E
Which food is missing one or more of the essential amino acids? A. chicken B. bread C. yogurt D. beans E. gelatin
E
Which of the following dietary supplements are theorized to help promote healthy joints in the body, and have received some research support as a means to reduce joint pain and improve mobility? A. branched-chain amino acids B. creatine and carnitine C. glutamine and glycine D. tryptophan and inosine E. glucosamine and chondroitin
E
Which of the following groups of athletes may be susceptible to a nutrient deficiency due to inadequate or sporadic caloric intake? A. gymnasts and ballet dancers B. endurance athletes attempting to improve efficiency through weight loss C. wrestlers attempting to make a low weight class D. bodybuilders trying to attain a low body fat percentage E. all of these groups may be susceptible to a nutrient deficiency
E
Which of the following statements involving the interaction of protein and exercise training is false? A. small amounts of protein may be used as an energy source during endurance exercise, but usually account for less than 5 percent of the energy cost of the exercise B. small amounts of protein may be lost in the urine and sweat during exercise C. resistance weight training programs usually result in the development of a positive nitrogen balance in most athletes who are attempting to gain body weight in the form of muscle mass D. although weight lifters and endurance athletes may need slightly more protein than accounted for by the RDA, such increased protein may be obtained readily and more economically through a planned diet E. research has shown conclusively that amino acid supplements and other protein supplements will enhance performance in sports
E
Which of the following statements regarding creatine or creatine supplementation is FALSE? A. Creatine is found naturally in some foods, particularly meat B. Creatine is not an essential nutrient as it may be synthesized in the body from several amino acids C. Research has shown that creatine supplementation may increase the amount of both free creatine and phosphocreatine in skeletal muscle D. Research indicates that creatine supplementation may be an effective ergogenic, particularly as a means to increase muscle mass and muscular strength when supplemented in concert with resistance training E. Currently creatine use by athletes has been prohibited by WADA
E
