KSP 210 Final Exam Review

Which of the following is a function of the meniscus?

-Absorption and dissipation of force -Improve congruency of the joint surfaces -Serve as soft tissue restraints that resist anterior tibial displacement

Identify four "physical" signs and symptoms of concussion.

-Headache -Nausea -Vomiting -Balance problems -Visual problems -Fatigued - Photophobia - Sensitivity to noise -Dazed -Stunned

Identify four "emotional" signs and symptoms of concussion.

-Irritability -Sadness - More emotional - Nervousness

What is sciatica? Explain the four classifications of sciatica and their management.

-i. a. Sciatica only 1. No sensory or muscle weakness 2. Modify activity appropriately, and develop rehabilitation and prevention program 3. Any increased pain requires immediate reevaluation - ii. Sciatica with soft signs 1. Some sensory changes, mild or no reflex change, normal muscle strength, normal bowel and bladder function 2. Remove from participation in sport and physical activity for 6 to 12 weeks - iii. Sciatica with hard signs: 1. Sensory and reflex changes; muscle weakness caused by repeated, chronic, or acute condition; normal bowel and bladder function 2. Remove from participation for 12 to 24 weeks - iv. Sciatica with severe signs 1. Sensory and reflex changes, muscle weakness, and altered bladder function 2. Consider immediate surgical decompression

Acute rupture of the Achilles tendon is more commonly seen in individuals between the ages of

30-50 years

An individual can move into phase 3 of the rehabilitation program when what percentage of normal passive and active range of motion is achieved?

80%

After executing a tackle by leading with his head, a football player is down on the field. Which of the following suggest the athlete could have an unstable neck? a. The player is unconscious b. The player is conscious and reports numbness in the upper extremities c. The player is conscious, neurologically intact, and reports neck pain d. All of the above

All of the above

Grade II burners represent

Axonotmesis

A meniscal tear in which an entire longitudinal segment is displaced medially toward the center of the tibia is termed as:

Bucket handle tear

Which of the following ankle ligaments is not a part of the medial collateral ligament (deltoid ligament)?

Calcaneofibular ligament

_____ are commonly used in racquet sports to reduce muscle tensile forces that can lead to medial or lateral epicondylitis

Counterforce braces

Criteria for advancement to phase 2 is all of the following EXCEPT: a. Control of inflammation with minimal edema, swelling, muscle spasm, and pain b. ROM, joint flexibility, muscular strength, endurance, and power maintained in general body c. Maintain Cardiovascular fitness at pre-injury level d. Achieve full Strength, Power and Endurance

D. Achieve full strength, power, and endurance

During a brachial plexus injury, muscular weakness is evident in the

External rotators, deltoid, and biceps

True or False? An olecranon bursa that feels hot to the touch and inflamed indicates chronic bursitis.

False

True or False? If the ulnar nerve is injured, tingling and numbness may radiate into the forearm and hand, particularly the thumb and index finger.

False

True or False? In severe eversion ankle sprains, passive motion may be pain-free in all motions except eversion.

False

A sprain of the ulnar collateral ligament of the MP joint of the thumb, caused by forceful abduction of the thumb while the thumb is extended, is called:

Gamekeeper's thumb

A _________ is a small defect in the articular cartilage of the humeral head associated with an anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint

Hill-Sachs lesion

What is the main function of the rotator cuff muscles?

Hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa

What is impingement syndrome?

Impingement syndrome implies an actual mechanical abutment of the rotator cuff and the subacromial bursa against the coracoacromial ligament and acromion. This injury is caused from the force overload to the rotator cuff and bursa that occurs during the abduction, forward flexion, and medial rotation cycle of shoulder movements. In addition to injury to the supraspinatus tendon and subacromial bursa, the glenoid labrum and long head of the biceps brachii may also be injured.

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of gamekeeper's thumb? a. Swelling of the palmar aspect of the hand b. Instability of the thumb in flexion c. More laxity than the other thumb d. Instability when the thumb is in extension

Instability when the thumb is in extension

A positive valgus instability test result at 30° of flexion indicates damage to what ligament?

MCL

Turf Toe is a sprain of the

Plantar capsular ligament if the 1st MTP joint

What are the signs and symptoms of sciatic caused by an annular tear?

Radiating leg pain is greater than back pain; pain increases with sitting and leaning forward, coughing, sneezing, and straining; neurological deficits are usually present; positive ipsilateral straight leg raising test

Which of the following is NOT a rotator cuff muscle?

Rhomboid minor

What are the signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome? What is the management for this condition?

The individual will report that pain wakes them in the middle of the night and is often relieved by "shaking out their hands." Pain, numbness, tingling, or a burning sensation may be felt only in the fingertips on the palmar aspect of the thumb, index, and middle finger. Generally, only one extremity is affected. Grip strength and pinch strength may be limited. A common complaint is difficulty manipulating coins. Symptoms are reproduced when direct compression is applied over the median nerve in the carpal tunnel for about 30 seconds. Although a positive Phalen maneuver and Tinel sign are classic clinical signs of the syndrome, diminished sensitivity to pain and weak thumb abduction are more predictive of abnormal nerve conduction. Individuals with suspected CTS should be referred to a physician for care. Immobilization in slight wrist extension with a dorsal splint is used to rest the wrist for up to 3 to 5 weeks, particularly at night when symptoms occur. An ice cup or ice bag, NSAIDs, or in some situations, diuretics, can initially reduce swelling and pain in the area caused by tenosynovitis. Use of a compression wrap should be avoided because this adds additional compression on the already impinged structures.

A gymnast missed the vault and fell to the mat on an outstretched arm, and sustained a visible posterior dislocation of the elbow. Explain immediate management of this injury.

The management includes checking for a distal pulse; assessing skin color; assessing sensory function; applying ice and immobilization; treating for shock; summoning EMS to transport the athlete to the nearest medical facility; checking and monitoring vitals.

A wrestler falls on an outstretched arm and sustains an anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint. What is the immediate management for this injury?

The management includes: checking for a distal pulse at the brachial artery and radial artery; checking for subcutaneous sensation at the axillary nerve; immobilizing the arm and applying ice; transporting to the nearest medical facility (The arm should be immobilized in a comfortable position. In order to prevent unnecessary movement of the humerus, a rolled towel or thin pillow can be placed between the thoracic wall and humerus prior to applying a sling).

True or False: In a brachial plexus injury, pain is usually transient and resolves itself in 5 to 10 minutes

True

True or False: Normal passive glide of the patellofemoral joint should be restored before full flexion exercises, resisted exercises, or bicycling is initiated

True

True or False: Relaxation and Coping Techniques are utilized in phase one of the Therapeutic exercise program.

True

True or False? An advantage of isokinetic training is that a muscle group can be exercised to its maximum potential throughout the full range of motion.

True

True or False? Irritability and sadness can be associated with concussion.

True

True or False? Palpation of the annular ligament and head of the radius can be facilitated by supination and pronation of the forearm.

True

True or False? Phase 2 of a therapeutic exercise program focuses on the regaining any deficits in range of motion and restoring proprioception.

True

True or False? Strengthening the peroneal muscles can aid in the prevention of inversion ankle sprains.

True

True or False? The foundation of concussion management is physical and cognitive rest until symptoms resolve, and then a graduated program of exertion prior to medical clearance and return to play.

True

True or False? The inability of the pupils to accommodate to light is a possible indication of head trauma.

True

True or False? When lifting a heavy weight, it is important to inhale deeply as the lift is initiated and exhale forcefully throughout the lift until the end.

True

True or False? With an elbow dislocation, the arm is frequently held in flexion with the forearm appearing shortened.

True

rue or False: Most direct causes of anterior glenohumeral dislocations are situations in which the arm is forced into abduction and external rotation.

True

What is the criterion for return to play following a burner?

a. No neck pain, arm pain, or dysesthesia (impairment of sensation) b. Full pain-free range of motion in the neck and upper extremity c. Normal strength on manual muscle testing as compared to preseason measurements d. Normal deep tendon reflexes e. Negative brachial plexus traction test

An individual who complains of sharp groin pain and weakness when running sideways, but not straight ahead, may have a strain to the

adductor muscles

An individual is performing a bicep curl as an exercise for a bicep strain. This exercise is considered

an open kinetic chain exercise

The ligament that stabilizes and encircles the head of the radius is the

annular ligament

The most common mechanism of injury for a cervical fracture is:

axial loading and violent neck flexion

Nearly all injuries at the SC joint result from

compression

Bursitis is most likely to result from________ force

compressive

When disk nuclear material moves into the spinal canal and impinges on adjacent nerve roots it is called a(n

extruded disk

The condition in which the nuclear material bulges into the spinal canal and runs the risk of impinging adjacent nerve roots is termed

extruded disk.

A direct blow to the anterior shin can result in each of the following except

fibular fracture

_______ strength is often limited during carpal tunnel syndrome.

grip/punch

The most frequent sign or symptom associated with concussion is

headache

What are the signs and symptoms of lateral epicondylitis?

i. Pain anterior or just distal to the lateral epicondyle that may radiate into the forearm extensors ii. Pain initially subsides but becomes more severe with repetition iii. Pain increases with resisted wrist extension iv. Positive "coffee cup" test and tennis elbow test

What are the signs and symptoms of medial epicondylitis?

i. Swelling, ecchymosis, and point tenderness over the humeroulnar joint ii. Pain over the medial epicondyle, extending distally 1 to 2 cm along the track of the flexor carpi radialis and pronator teres iii. Increased pain with resisted wrist flexion and forearm pronation iv. Increased pain with valgus stress at 30° flexion v. Negative Tinel sign, at the cubital tunnel, for ulnar neuritis

Excessive or prolonged pronation in running, which leads to pain in the distal third of the medial tibial border not associated with a stress fracture, is typically

medial tibial stress syndrome

Nearly 80% of all clavicular fractures occur where?

middle third

Medial tibial stress syndrome, and Achilles tendinitis are each associated with

pes planus

A varus stress applied at 15° to 20° of elbow flexion stresses the

radial collateral ligament

An athlete has sustained a sprain to the cervical region and is having paresthesia down the left arm. What should be done for this athlete?

refer to a physician

When viewing an athlete from a posterior view, the spine is found to be curved. This condition is known as

scoliosis

An acute process in which the nucleus pulposus herniates through the posterior annulus, resulting in signs and symptoms of cord or nerve root compression is termed:

soft-disc disease

Lordosis is often associated with

strong abdominal muscles and a forward pelvic tilt

Inversion ankle sprain results from excessive

supination

A positive valgus stress test at 15° to 20° of elbow flexion often indicates

tear to the ulnar collateral ligament.

Hyperextension of the MTP joint of the great toe is called

turf toe

If an athlete complains of burning, tingling, or paresthesia to the fourth and fifth fingers, what structure may be damaged?

ulnar nerve

A functional exercise program designed for a soccer athlete should include

walking, light jogging, side slides, carioca, ball kicks, and dribbling drills.

The management of turf toe includes each of the following EXCEPT

wearing a lightweight flexible shoe