LA 111 Study Guide

To use language vividly, your textbook recommends that speakers employ: ______

imagery and rhythm

An _____ leader is a group member to whom other members defer because of her or his rank or expertise

implied

_________are changes in the pitch or tone of a speaker's voice.

inflections

As Marcel approached the podium, loud voices from the hallway filled the room. Before beginning his speech, he asked someone in the back of the room to close the door. In the speech communication process Marcel was dealing with ___________

interference

If the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? "In discussing the problem of radon in U.S. homes, we will look at what radon is, how it gets into our homes, and the dangers it poses."

internal preview

Raising a child is just like having a pet—you need to feed it, play with it, and everything will be fine

invalid analogy

Which of the following is NOT included in the book as an additional method to gain attention and interest?

inviting audience participation

List the four methods of delivery

1. Reading from a manuscript 2. Recite from memory 3. Speaking impromptu 4. Extemporaneously

Which of the following is appropriate when using humor in a speech.

Gently making fun of universal human foibles

Which of the following statements is true about gestures?

Gestures tend to work themselves out as you acquire experience and confidence.

When listening for a speaker's evidence, you should keep an ear out for what four things?

1. Is it accurate? 2. Is it taken from objective sources? 3. Is it relevant to the speaker's claims? 4. Is it sufficient to support the speaker's points

To limit your Internet search on the topic college cheerleading, what does the book suggest you do?

1. Narrow your search- "Competitive College Cheerleading" 2. Type a question- "What colleges do competitive cheerleading?"

Four similarities between public speaking and conversation

1. Order thoughts logically 2. Organize for maximum impact. 3. Adapt to feedback 4. Tailor message to audience

Which of the following is recommended by your textbook as a way to enhance the effectiveness of your examples?

1. Practice delivery of your extended examples. 2. Make your examples vivid and richly textured

List the six factors that are part of a demographic analysis

1. Age 2. Gender 3. Religion 4. Sexual Orientation 5. Group Membership 6. Racial, ethnic, or cultural background

List four techniques the textbook recommends when developing your first speech.

1. Be Creative 2. Make speech suspenseful/mystery 3. Use colorful, descriptive language 4. Describe adventure

What are the two kinds of listening most closely tied to critical thinking?

1. Comprehensive- understand 2. Critical Listening- evaluate

List the five questions from your text to ask about your specific purpose.

1. Does my purpose meet the assignment? 2. Can I accomplish my purpose in the time allotted? 3. Is the purpose relevant to my audience? 4. Is the purpose too trivial for my audience? 5. Is the purpose too technical for my audience?

List the six guidelines given in your textbook for effective informative speaking.

1. Don't be too technical 2. Don't assume the knowledge of your audience 3. Relate your topic directly to your audience 4. Be creative 5. Avoid Distractions 6. Personalize your ideas

List the three major kinds of supporting materials mentioned in the textbook.

1. Examples 2. Statistics 3. Testimony

The book states four objectives of a speech introduction. List them.

1. Get the attention and interest of your audience 2. Reveal the topic of your speech 3. Establish credibility and goodwill 4. Preview body of speech

List and define the two other types of plagiarism discussed in the book.

1. Global Plagiarism- stealing a speech entirely from s single source and passing it off as one's own 2. Incremental Plagiarism- failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people

Changes in what three things give the voice variety and expressiveness?

1. Rate 2. Pitch 3. Volume

What three factors are part of a situational audience analysis?

1. Size of the Audience 2. Physical Setting for the Speech 3. Disposition of the audience toward the topic, speaker, and occasion

Usually the speech topic is determined by what three things?

1. The speaker's qualifications 2. The audience 3. The occasion

What you include in an oral citation depends on what four things?

1. Topic 2. Material 3. Audience 4. Claim you are making

List the two ways Lucas mentions a speaker can help listeners sort out facts and ideas

1. Using transitions 2. Using signposts

Having your intended message be the message that is actually communicated depends on what two things?

1. What you say (verbal) 2. How you say it (nonverbal)

According to the textbook what are the attributes of good conversation?

1. directness

According to the textbook, under normal circumstances the speech introduction should not constitute more than about ____ to ____ percent of your speech

10, 20

According to your textbook, under normal circumstances, the conclusion should not constitute more than ____ to ___ percent of your speech

5, 10

Even when we think we are listening carefully, we usually grasp only about ____ of a speaker's message

50

What should you think of your persuasive speech as?

A kind of mental dialogue with the audience

A one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech is ______

Central idea

What does the textbook suggest you do if you can't verify the credentials of an author or identify a credible sponsoring organization for an Internet document?

Don't use the document in your speech

If you are looking for information on the Internet about sports injuries from college cheerleading, what does the book recommend you do?

Look at virtual libraries

A _____question is one the audience answers mentally rather than out loud.

Rhetorical

Which of the following statements is true about the main points of your speech

Select and phrase them carefully and arrange them strategically

Which of the following is NOT a tip for preparing the introduction?

Work out the exact wording of the introduction as you are preparing the body of the speech.

An _____is a summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author.

abstract

When you experience stage fright, your body produces extra ______, a hormone that is released into the bloodstream in response to mental or physical stress

adrenaline

_______ is the repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words.

alliteration

There's nothing wrong with capital punishment. It's been around for thousands of years

appeal to tradition

She was educated in a foreign country and could not possibly have any good ideas for improving education in our community.

as hominem

According to your textbook, a speech title should

attract the audience's attention

To give statistics greater impact, a speaker should:

avoid citing too many statistics

I don't see any reason to wear a helmet when I ride a bike because everybody bikes without a helmet.

bandwagon

The main value of using testimony in a speech is to:

build the credibility of speakers who are not experts on their topics.

"Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula has many excellent attractions for vacationers, including a warm climate, excellent food, and extensive Mayan ruins" is an example of a(n) ________

central idea

The ___ is the means by which a message is communicated.

channel

______ refers to how an audience regards a speaker's sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for the well-being of the audience.

character

A _____ is a belief, theory, idea, notion, principle, or the like

concept

"To inform my audience about different approaches to film theory" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n)

concepts

Speeches about _____ are often more complex than other types of informative speeches.

concepts

A ________is a word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between ideas

connective

A _____ending is a conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity.

crescendo

Focused, organized thinking about things such as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion is _________

critical thinking

In a symposium the participants:

deliver prepared speeches on different aspects of the topic.

________are directions in a speaking outline to help the speaker remember how she or he wants to deliver key parts of the speech.

delivery cues

The ______ meaning of a word is the dictionary meaning.

denotative

The ________ meaning of a word is its precise literal, and objective meaning.

denotative

A small group that meets for only one session should almost always have a ______ leader

designated

When taking research notes you should:

distinguish among quotations, paraphrases, and your own ideas.

_________ is the tendency of people to be concerned above all else with their own values, beliefs, and well-being

egocentrism

An _________ leader is the person who assumes a leadership role in a small group because of her or his ability, personality, or just by talking the most.

emergent

______ is the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs

ethics

The belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures is________

ethnocentrism

If you quoted a Harvard business professor on the strengths and weaknesses of business schools in the United States, you would be using ______ testimony

expert

An _______example is a story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.

extended

True or false- Articulation and pronunciation are the same thing

false

True or false- Opening your speech with a lengthy quotation is a sure way to get your audience's attention.

false

Home sales were 30 percent higher in the summer of 2011, when the temperatures averaged 95 degrees, than they were in the summer of 2010, when the average temperature was only 83

false cause

______is the sum of a person's knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes

frame of reference

The broad goal of a speech is the _______ purpose

general

To paraphrase is to

give the gist of someone's statements in your own words.

According to your textbook, language _____

gives meaning to events

________ is the audience's perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind.

goodwill

One nonsmoker, interviewed in a restaurant, said, "I can eat dinner just fine even though people around me are smoking." Another, responding to a Los Angeles Times survey, said, "I don't see what all the fuss is about. My wife has smoked for years and it has never bothered me." We can see, then, that secondhand smoke does not cause a problem for most nonsmokers.

hasty generalization

In the five-step method for practicing delivery it is recommended that you concentrate on gaining control of the _____rather than trying to learn the speech word for word

ideas

What is a process in which speakers seek to create a bond with the audience by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences?

identification

The study of nonverbal body motions as a mode of communication is

kinesics

According to your textbook, one way to focus your listening is to:

listen for the speaker's main points

________ needs involve interpersonal relations in the group

maintenance

As explained in the textbook, one of the defining traits of a small group is that

members of the group assemble for a specific purpose

"I speak as a Republican. I speak as a woman. I speak as a United States Senator. I speak as an American" is an example of

parallelism

______ plagiarism is stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own.

patchwork

______ is the name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to an emotional appeal.

pathos

If you quoted Microsoft founder Bill Gates about his personal experience caring for his aging parents, you would be using _______ testimony

peer

Speeches about objects can include these three things

people, places, structures

The highness and lowness of a speaker's voice is

pitch

The three basic issues you will face whenever discussing a question of policy are need, plan, and ______

practicality

A _____ is a systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product.

process

The burden of _____ always rests with the persuasive speaker who advocates change

proof

________ is the process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence.

reasoning

Which of the following is recommended in your textbook as a way to reinforce the central idea in a speech conclusion?

refer back to the introduction

Persuasion is the process of _____ people's beliefs or actions.

reinforcing, creating, changing

After someone asks a question, what is the first thing you should do and why?

repeat the question because it allows you time to process it and the audience a chance to hear it better

What a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech is the _______

residual message

A ________is a very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas

signpost

"Be sure to keep this in mind ..." and "The most important thing to remember about ..." are examples of

signposts

The time and place in which speech communication occurs is the _______

situation

If we encourage elementary-school students to use computers in the classroom, they will spend less time reading books. As a result, they will fall behind in developing reading, writing, and thinking skills. Pretty soon we will have a generation of illiterates on our hands.

slippery slope

____ is the failure to form particular speech sounds crisply and distinctly.

sloppy articulation

"To inform my audience about the three major kinds of current 3-D technology" is an example of a ___________ purpose

specific

Brief examples are also called _______

specific

Whenever you use a hypothetical example, it is a good idea to follow it with ______ to show that it is not far-fetched.

statistics, credibility statements

________is creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people, usually by assuming that all members of the group are alike.

stereotyping

The _____is the portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade.

target audience

_______ credibility is the credibility of the speaker at the end of the speech.

terminal

In most cases when orally citing a source you will need to include:

the author's qualifications with regard to topic

"Conversational quality" in speech delivery means that:

the speech sounds spontaneous even though it has been rehearsed.

Technically, ________state both the idea the speaker is leaving and the idea she or he is coming up to.

transitions

True or False- the speech title should be brief

true

True or false- Research has shown that using personal terms such as "you" and "your" in an informative speech significantly increases audience understanding of the speaker's ideas.

true

True or false- When you persuade, you want to change and structure the attitudes and actions of your audience.

true

True or false- public speaking requires a different manner of delivery thanconversation

true

According to Lucas one benefit of Wikipedia is

ts major articles are followed by an extensive set of additional references.