Lab Animal Management Midterm
PHS Policy conforms to the guidelines of
The Guide Animal Welfare Regulations AVMA Guidline on Euthanasia Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals
True or False: Social animals should normally be housed with others of the same species, unless they must be housed alone.
True
True or False: The milling date is the date when a bag of lab animal food was manufactured.
True
True/False: Among animal care workers, the most common illnesses are allergic reactions.
True
True/False: Major sources of animal allergen exposures can come from urine and saliva.
True
True/False: Asking about the applicant's views on the use of animals in research is NOT appropriate in an interview.
False
True/False: It is generally the manager who should write the SOPs for a facility.
False
T/F All regulations regarding obtaining, storing and disposing of controlled substances are federal statutes.
False Includes state also
Discuss one concern that arises in managing a facility that includes aquatic species, which is not of concern in one that only includes terrestrial species.
Water quality
Feed and Water requirements
Should be free from contamination Feed milling dates must be documented and available. Water sources must be working properly and must not be contaminated
The World Organization for Animal Health is concerned with
preventing transmission of zoonoses worldwide and has developed international standards, guidelines, and detailed recommendations for establishing importation of animals.
Explain what biosecurity means in terms of an animal research facility.
procedures intended to protect humans or animals against disease or harmful biological agents
PHS Policy Enforces
the Health Research Extension Act Establishes guidelines for the proper care and treatment of animals used in biomedical and behavioral research
The most important focus of an occupational health and safety program should be
to control hazards and reduce risks to staff
T/F The people who perform the procedures are generally the best people to write the first draft of the SOPS, the facility manager keeps records of any changes to the SOPS
True
True or False: The facility's security plan should only consider keeping entrance doors locked as a last resort; it is best to give full access to everyone during working hours.
False
Controlled Substances
Federal and state registration and licensing strictly control the procedures for ordering, storing, dispensing, and disposing of controlled substances. The DEA and state authorities may inspect the establishment and review the documentation and regulated procedures
True/False: Non-degree training, such as certification programs for laboratory animal technicians and technologists, is an accepted means for obtaining qualifications for working with laboratory animals.
True
PHS Policy is enforced by
the Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare at the National Institutes of Health (OLAW)
T/F When planning a procedure, as many animals as desired can be sued to obtain valid results
False
True or False: Feed bags should be stored on the floor of a feed storage room.
False
The environmental enrichment program should be regularly reviewed by which group?
IACUC Researchers Veterinary staff
What is the first step in developing a safety plan
Identify the types of disasters that might affect the facility
The Animal Welfare Act was passed by Congress in
1966 in response to public concern regarding stolen pets used in lab research
True or False: It is ok to turn on the overhead light in an animal room after it has entered its dark cycle, if it is only for a minute.
False
Health Certificates AWA
Any dog, cat, or nonhuman primate needs vet signed health certificate Examine no more than 10 days prior to transport Free of infection or abnormalities
Animal defined by AWA
Any live or dead dog, cat, nonhuman primate, guinea pig, hamster, rat or other warm blooded animal being used or intended for use for research, teaching
Animal defined by the PHS
Any live vertebrate No invertebrates or dead animals
The Guide recommends relative humidity in the range of ___________ for most mammalian species.
30-70%
Research facilities that obtain dogs or cats from sources other than dealers, exhibitors, and persons who are exempt from licensing regulations must hold the animal for _____ full days before using them in a research project, NOT including the day of acquisition or time in transit
5 days
Which condition would require an institution to comply with the PHS Policy
A research program supported by the National Institutes of Health
Which of the following provides educational material and certification to laboratory animal care professionals
AALAS
Which of the following would belong in a direct cost center
Activities related to the maintenance of the animals
GLP Goal
Allow research and development labs to maintain date integrity and to provide safety, product efficacy data that is repeatable, reliable, audit-able and can be easily reconstructed in a research setting.
Name one type of internal layering that could be used to secure a facility.
Alarm Systems
Hazards include
Animal bites Needles Flammable material Lighting Noise Allergen UV radiation Ergonomic trauma (repetitive motion) Infectious agents Chemicals
AWA defined
Animal Welfare Act Directs the United States of Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Planet Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Ensure the humane treatment of animals Protect animals from theft Regulates transportation, purchase and sale Housing, handling, and treatment of animals
What does the acronym APHIS stand for
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
USDA tag must have all the following EXCEPT identification number USDA letters # and letters identifying the state and dealer Animals date of birth
Animals Date of birth
What is the role of the IACUC in the procurement of animals
Approve the number and type of animal to be procurred
Which of the following is NOT one of the steps involved in goal setting? Select the goal Decide how to reach the goal Decide what resources are needed to reach the goal Assess if the goal has been reached
Assess if the goal has been reached
Animal excluded in AWA
Birds, rats, and mice Agriculture species Horses Cold blooded species (reptiles, fish, invertebrates)
Dealers in regards to AWA
Cannont sell or transport animals to any facility without license Have 5 day waiting period before selling animals Must purchase from a dealer holding a valid license
Which steps should be taken to ensure the containment of hazardous materials in disaster situations?
Carefully follow SOPs when handling hazardous materials
HCS Hazard Communication Standard Guidlines
Chemical Labeling Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Hazard Determination Written implementation program Employee training Trade secrets: manufacture can withhold information about a material
Dealear Classes AWA
Class A: they raise and sell purpose bred animals Class B: acquire animals from random sources and resell
Transporting animal requirement
Clearly marked on top and on one or more side with the words "live Animal" or "Wild Animal" in letter no less than 2.5 cm high and arrow marking correct upright position of the container
What is the best way to prepare staff to react quickly and competently to common types of emergencies
Conduct drills of emergency response procedures
According to the AW regulations, hard surfaces that animals come into direct contact with must be spot cleaned
Daily
According to AWA requirement in training
Each facility ensure that all scientist, technicians, and other personnel involved in animal care, treatment, are qualified to perform their duties may include training in humane practice of animal maintenance and experimentation
Weaned puppies and kittens less than 16 weeks may be identified by all methods except a tattoo Ear notching Official tag a plastic collate on which is legibly printed the information required on the officail tag
Ear notching
Name one type of enrichment that must be provided for either dogs or cats (and write which species the enrichment pertains to).
Dogs-Exercise Cats-elevated perches
In 2013, the USDA began requiring registered animal facilities to provide a written ___________________.
Disaster Plan
Species requirements for cats
Elevated resting boards
One effective strategy for ensuring that daily lab animal care task are completed
Enforcing record keeping. A check off sheet with specific task and duties that must be completed and initialized with the given day, time, and person completing the task.
Species requirements for non-human primates
Environmental enrichment
Species requirements for dogs
Exercise
When preparing a budget, what is the most accurate starting points for planning expenses
Expenses of cost centers from the previous years
T/F Good communication skills decreases in importance as an individual climbs the management ladder
False
T/F PETA. ALF amd ADL are acronyms for animal care and use regulations of the Animal Welfare Act
FALSE
Name one zoonotic disease that is of increased concern in a facility with non-human primates.
Herpes B virus is a concern when working with non-human primates.
Class B dealers may NOT obtain random source dogs and cats from which source Hobby breeders license dealers Shelters owned and operated by a state count or city Humane shelter or contract pounds
Hobby Breeders
What does the acronym IACUC stand for?
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
IACUC in the AWA
Institutional Animal and Use Committee No fewer than 3 members Include a Vet, person not affiliated with the institute, Chair Inspect the animal facility and file a semi-annual report in compliance with the AWA (every 6 months) Prepare reports, cite deficiencies, and plans for correction Make recommendations to the IO regarding the research facility program. IO (institutional official) implements IACUCs recommendations Review proposals for animal use activities Avoid procedures and minimize pain and distress Inspections occur at least once a year IACUC Records: Minutes of the meeting Animal use protocols and significant changes Semiannual reports and recommendations
Euthanasia is the humane death of an animal accomplished by a method that
Minimizes pain and distress
Which organization of the National Institutes of Health is charged with enforcing the PHS Policy?
OLAW Office of Lab Animal Welfare
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1970 Employees who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals in the workplace have a right to know about the hazards and how to protect themselves
Record keeping in Dogs and cats in AWA
Official USDA tag/tattoo Animal Health Certificate Records kept in the facility for at least 3 years Tags cannot be reused within a five year period and must be held for 5 years after final dispostion
Four different types of actions are generally considered in planning for and dealing with disasters: prepare, respond, recover, mitigate. Chose one of these actions and explain/describe what it means in terms of a facility's disaster plan
Prepare: advance planning, installing emergency Respond: Establish a course of action to be followed. Responding to the disaster includes actions that take place during the actual event. Carrying out the disaster plan Recover: Activities that allow the facility to return to a state of normal activity. Making repair or rebuilding facility Mitigate: Actions taken to minimize the effects of unexpected events. Purchasing insurance, back-up files.
Choose one type of room in a lab animal facility, list what type of air pressure may be found there, and explain how that type of air pressure can be of benefit.
Quarantine Room: Negative pressure. Prevents microbes from escaping into main facility. Surgery Suit, Barrier rooms, Animal rooms: Positive pressure. Prevents microbes from entering sterile room. Keep contaminants from entering room.
Name one species that is not covered by the Animal Welfare Act
Rats & Mice Birds, Amphibians, Reptiles, Fish
List the 3 Rs and explain what they mean
Replacement: if non-living models can be used to require the same data they should be used over live animals. If live animals must be used "lesser" species should be used before other animals. Refinement: changes should be made to reduce any pain or distress in animals. This could refer to husbandry or experiment Reduction: If fewer animals can be used to produce the same reliable results then they should be used. The use of fewer animals is ideal.
Metabolism cages are most commonly used with which of the following types of laboratory animals?
Rodents
Why is it important to use SOPS in an animal facility?
SOPs are important in ensuring consistency between all workers. It ensures that teh task are performed the same way everytime and results and studies can be duplicated. If the study were to be performed somewhere else the SOP should ensure that the data will yield the same results.
SOPs
Standard Operating Procedures Critical for maintaining consistent test performance. Ensure consistency, quality, and integrity of the generated data.
Explain the difference between sanitation and sterilization.
Sterilization kills all microbes and spores. Sanitation limits or minimizes growth of microbes.
AAALAC Accreditation
The Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care Organization that accredits institutions with high quality program that meets federal laws and guidlines Asses the quality of all aspects of animal research programs, husbandry, vet care, institutional policies. Accreditation for a 3 year period
What document specifies minimum cage space requirements?
The Guide
What term refers to the environmental conditions within an animal's pen or cage?
The micro environment refers to the environment within an animals pen
Name one thing that should NOT be discussed with a candidate during an interview
Their personal life such as if they want, have, or expecting children
AAALAC standard cover all animals used in research, teaching, or testing T/F
True
Any procedure that produces permanent impairment of physical or physiological functions is a major operative procedure T/F
True
Health and Safety Program Components
Understanding the hazards of the lab Assessing Risk Understanding rules and guidelines Training and education of employees Record keeping and monitoring
PHS policy covers
all vertebrates birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish covered
One unique program requirement of the PHS Policy is
an occupation health and saftey program for personnel having contact with animals
According to the PHS policy, what does the definition of animal include
any live vertebrate
Which of the following is a recommendation for the hiring process?
any statement on the physical requirements of the job should focus on the capability of the applicant to perform the job
Public Health Service Policy
applies to research, testing, and educational activities, supported by the National Institutes of Health and the Center of Disease control.
Barrier facilities are designed for
bioexclusion biocontainment
Which engineering control can be used to limit exposure to hazards?
biological safety cabinets downdraft necropsy tables ventilated cage systems
If dogs are exempt from exercise programs due to their health, condition, or well being exemption is not permanent, how often must the attending vet review the need for exemption
every 30 days
OLAWs job
expects the institution to develop a uniform set of policies, standars, and procedures which apply to all species.
Who is ultimately responsible for providing the equipment that is needed and maintaining it in good working order?
facility manager
Once sanitized, caging and equipment is best stored in which location?
in the clean side of the cage wash area
PHS Policy requires
institutions to establish and maintain proper measures to ensure that appropriate care and use of all animals involved in activities
Good Laboratory Practices
set of regulations that apply to non-clinical studies conducted for the assessment of the safety of chemicals to humans, animals, and the environment. Regulate the manner in which non-clinical safety studies are planned, performed, monitored, recorded, reported, and archived. Ensures the quality and integrity of the data produced. To allow for accurate reconstruction of the studies performed, and to assist with the approval and manufacture of safe products.
Who is responsible for providing formal or on the job training to personnel caring for the animals
the institution
Dealers, exhibitors, and research facilities must develop document and follow and appropriate plan to provide dogs with the opportunity for exercise T/F
true
Which component is NOT an important part of the emergency response plan a. Defining employee responsibilities b. Ensuring availability of emergency equipment c. Responding rapidly and appropriately d. Preparing personnel to perform activities they are not trained for
Preparing personnel to perform activities they are not trained for
