Lab exam 1
Number the stages of mitosis in the correct order.
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
It is important to have tactile (Meissner) corpuscles located at the surface of the skin because they are responsible for which of the following?
Sensation of fine, light touch and texture
Imagine that you are observing an enzyme-catalyzed reaction in lab. Every time you add more enzyme, the reaction rate increases proportionally until the reaction rate suddenly levels off. No other chemicals were added, and no modifications were made in the experimental setting. Why do you think the reaction rate stopped increasing?
The molecules of substrate were all bound to enzyme.
Which of the following statements best describes microvilli?
They increase the surface area of the cell to enhance the process of absorption.
In the lab you are observing a wet mount of erythrocytes. The field of view is very crowded and it is hard to see individual cells. In an attempt to see them better, you make a second preparation by diluting the original sample. When you try to find cells there are none. Which of the following is a plausible explanation for what went wrong?
You accidentally diluted the sample with distilled water and caused the cells to lyse.
coarse adjustment knob
a knob that moves the mechanical stage up and down in large increments
fine adjustment knob
a knob that moves the mechanical stage up and down in small increments
hypertonic
a solution that has a higher osmotic pressure than intracellular fluid
hypotonic
a solution that has a lower osmotic pressure than intracellular fluid
isotonic
a solution that has the same osmotic pressure as intracellular fluid
When should you wear closed toed shoes in the lab?
always
During _______ the sister chromatids of each chromosome separate and move away from each other.
anaphase
Which of the following reagents is best suited for the detection of sugar?
benedict's
fluid connective tissue
blood
Which of the following tests is best suited for the detection of fat and oils?
brown paper
Which of the three types of muscle tissue is/are striated?
cardiac and skeletal
Select each substance that is necessary to have a reaction.
catalase, hydrogen peroxide
Which of the following cells are found in cartilage?
chondrocyte
What is in the cell surface
cilium, microvillus, plasma membrane
Fibrocartilage
composed mainly of type I collagen that form thick, parallel bundles. - intervertebral discs - pubic symphysis - articular surface in knee
elastic cartilage
composed of a network of branching elastic fibers. - epiglottis - eustachian tube - external ear
nucleolus
composed of both protein and RNA; forms ribosomes
cytoskeleton
composed of protein filaments called microtubules, intermediate filaments, and micro filaments; provides structural support for the cell
hyaline cartilage
composed primarily of type II collagen that does not form thick bundles. - thyroid cartilage of the larynx - ends of long bones - tracheal rings - nasal septum
Biuret reagent contains ________ ions which react with peptide bonds under the alkaline conditions of the reagent and produce the color change associated with the presence of protein.
copper
what is in the cytoplasm
cytoskeleton, mitochondrion, golgi apparatis
The term ____________ refers to fluid in the cell that contains enzymes mediating certain reactions, such as glycolysis and fermentation, but it does not refer to the organelles.
cytosol
As total magnification power increases, diameter of the field of view
decreases
Which substance in a reaction will not change in concentration as the reaction proceeds?
enzyme
Susan accidentally tripped on the sidewalk and scraped her knee. The scrape was superficial and did not bleed. What is the deepest layer of her skin that could have been damaged without causing her to bleed?
epidermis
field of view
everything that is visible when looking through the eyepiece
Enzymes are consumed in the process of catalyzing a reaction.
false
Lipids mix well with water.
false
Microscope lenses may be cleaned with paper towel and water.
false
Thick skin is located only on the palms of the hands and tops of the feet.
false
When a blister forms, it forms between the dermis and the hyodermis.
false
Which type(s) of integumentary sensory receptors function to perceive pain?
free nerve endings
chromatin
genetic material within the nucleus; consists of DNA and associated proteins in an "uncoiled" form
Which is an accessory structure located within the reticular layer of the dermis?
hair follicle, sebaceous gland, sweat gland
Care is required to avoid contact between the objective lens and the microscope slide when using _____ (high/low) power magnification.
high
sebaceous glands
holocrine glands that empty into hair follicles
A hypodermic needle is used to give certain types of injections. What space is the tip of the needle ultimately directed into?
hypodermis
cytoplasm
includes organelles and cytosol; cytosol contains enzymes that mediate many reactions such as glycolysis and fermentation.
Identify the main protein that composes a hair.
keratin
When you sit down on a bench to wait for a bus to arrive, you notice there is a rock on the bench that you did not see before you sat down on it. The type of sensory receptor in the skin responsible for detecting this sensation is a ____________ corpuscle.
lamellated
objective lens
lenses that are attached to the nosepiece
brown paper tests for/sudan IV
lipids
If you can not see something with your eyes you can increase the _____ to make it look bigger.
magnification
How often can a catalase molecule be used to hydrolyze hydrogen peroxide?
many times
lysosomes
membrane-enclosed sacs that contain digestive enzymes and function in the breakdown of intracellular molecules
peroxisomes
membrane-enclosed sacs that contain oxidative enzymes (e.g. catalase)
apocrine sweat glands
merocrine glands that empty into hair follicles
eccrine sweat glands
merocrine glands that open to the surface of the skin
During _____ the double-stranded chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell.
metaphase
benedicts tests for
monosaccharides and reducing sugars
In which circumstance is food and/or beverage allowed in the laboratory?
never
An unknown liquid sample is tested for chemical composition. You receive the following results: iodine test = yellow; biuret test = blue; Benedict's test = blue; and paper lipid test = clear. Which of the following are present in this sample? (Select all that apply)
none of these are present
what is in the nucleus
nucleolus, cellular DNA, chromosome
Which objective lens provides the highest total magnification?
oil immersion
centrioles
paired organelles composed of microtubules that are used to organize the mitotic spindles that attach to chromosomes during mitosis
Identify the location(s) on the body where skin is glabrous and contains five layers in the epidermis.
palms of the hands, soles of the feet
Indicate which of the following are among the layers of the dermis
papillary layer, reticular layer
Measuring the amount of _______ made by a reaction is one way to determine the activity of an enzyme.
product
During ____ the chromosomes become visible and condense.
prophase
Which of the following are functions of the integument?
protection, secretion
biuret tests for
protein
An unknown liquid sample is tested for chemical composition. You receive the following results: iodine test = yellow; biuret test = purple; Benedict's test = red; and paper lipid test = clear. Which of the following are present in this sample?
protein & sugar
Which of the following is defined as the ability to distinguish fine detail?
resolution
If leaving an objective lens over the stage when storing the microscope, which objective lens should be placed over the stage?
scanning 4x
ribosomes
sites of protein synthesis; may be bound to ER ("bound") or found within the cytoplasm ("free")
Which muscle cell is multinucleated?
skeletal muscle cell
A solution is a mixture of a
solute dissolved in a solvent.
solvent
solution into which another substance dissolves
iodine tests for
starch
What happens to the amount of enzyme during a chemical reaction?
stays the same
Which of the following are functions of carbohydrates?
storage of energy, structural support,
Organize the following layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep.
stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale
solute
substances that dissolve in a solution
What substance decreases during a reaction and can be used to measure the activity of an enzyme?
substrate
Polysaccharides are polymers composed of
sugars
While sitting on the couch reading your anatomy and physiology book, you realize that you left a window open because you feel a light breeze blowing across your arm. The type of sensory receptor in the skin responsible for detecting this sensation is a ______________ corpuscle.
tactile
In _______ the chromosomes uncoil as the nuclear envelope starts to form.
telophase
The posterior aspect contains
the cranial cavity and the vertebral canal.
The shape of an enzyme determines its function.
true
The subcutaneous layer (hypodermis) of the skin is mainly composed of adipose connective tissue.
true
When removing a scapel blade, be sure to hold the blade away from you and others.
true
it is important that melanin is present in its highest concentration in keratinocytes at or near the basal layer of cells to ensure that cells undergoing division are protected from ultraviolet light.
true
The central point of reference for dividing the abdominopelvic cavity into quadrants or regions is the
umbilicus
Soap should be applied to __________ hands.
wet
You are working in a real lab setting, and when you test the catalase and water together you see a reaction. What does this tell you? (Select all that apply.)
- Possible contaminant in the water causing a reaction. - You must complete the experiment again to verify your results.
enzymes
- are specific for their substrates. - act as catalysts. - have a special shape that controls their function. - control the speed of reactions.
Connective Tissue Proper
- areolar - adipose - reticular - dense regular - dense irregular - dense elastic
Which of the following factors increase the rate of diffusion of a substance?
- decreased viscosity of the solvent - increased permeability of the membrane
supporting connective tissue
- hyaline cartilage - elastic cartilage - fibrocartilage - compact bone
Blunt dissection technique
- involves separation of tissues without using sharp instruments. - most useful when attempting to separate tissues without damaging delicate structures.
What items can be discarded in a regular trash can?
- uncontaminated waste paper - wrappers from swabs or from disposable pipettes
The magnification of the ocular lens is
10x
What is the minimal drying time for the paper lipid test?
15 mins
What is the total magnification of your specimen when using a 10X eye piece and a 20X objective lens?
200
At room temperature, Biuret reagent should react with protein within
30 seconds
how many quadrants can the abdominal cavity be divided into
4
At what pH will enzymes in human blood function best?
7.4
how many regions can the abdominal cavity be divided into
9
Select all of the following that can be used to describe the structure of enzymes, the importance of the shape, and the relationship of enzyme shape and function.
- Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds with hydrogen bonds between nearby amino and carboxyl groups to give enzymes their two dimensional shape. - Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds with interactions between the side groups of amino acids to give enzymes their three dimensional shape. - One or more polypeptide chains are folded and bond together in the fourth level of protein organization. - The shape of an enzyme determines its function. - The active site binds with the substrate. - Enzymes are substrate specific.
Select all of the following that are correct regarding enzyme activity and pH.
- An enzyme converts substrate to product most quickly at optimum pH. - An enzyme at optimum pH is most active. - At pH above or below optimum pH conversion of substrate to product occurs more slowly.
After focusing on an object with the low power objective lens, you are trying to bring it into focus under the 40x objective lens, but the field of view is very dark. Which of the following may remedy this problem?
Increase the light intensity.
While on vacation you run out of contact lens solution. In an attempt to improvise, you use tap water to hydrate the contact lenses. Immediately after you put the lenses in your eye, you feel intense pain. Why did the tap water cause such pain?
It was a hypotonic solution that altered the hydration of the cornea.
Upon palpation, the patient's abdomen was rigid, indicating the possibility of internal bleeding. The physician suspected tha broken ribs bay have injured an organ within the abdominal cavity. What abdominopelvic region is the damaged organ located in?
Left hypochondriac
Which of the following correctly describes how to properly calculate the total magnification of a microscope
Multiply the ocular lens magnification and objective lens magnification.
osmosis
the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
arm
the part of the microscope that connects the head to the base
mechanical stage
the platform that a slide is placed upon
As the concentration of an enzyme increases for a given substrate,
the reaction rate increases similarly.
Cartilage is an avascular connective tissue containing living cells. Which of the following is limited as a result of being avascular?
thickness
experimental control
to limit as many confounding variables as possible.
A physician would like to obtain a radiographic view of both the liver and the spleen of her patient, so she orders a CT scan. Which planes of section might the physician ask the radiology department to scan so she may view both these organs in the same image?
transverse or coronal
Epithelial tissue is classified by the number of layers of cells and the shape of the cells on the apical surface.
true
Temperature, pH, and ionic concentrations play an important role in the proper functioning of enzymes.
true
