Language Disorders in Children SPHR 380 Dr. Larsen

Incidental Teaching is..

a naturalistic, child-directed intervention in unstructured activities

A cloze task is

a sentence completion task used for morphology assessment

Which of the following are beneficial strategies when working with multilingual families and interpreters?

avoid idiomatic expressions

Which of the following is an example of descriptional circumlocution in a word naming task?

child says, "it has lots of fish in it" for the target word "ocean"

Which of the following are features of language use that you would observe during the assessment process?

child's use of relational terms to indicate locations (in front/behind, above/below, etc.)

Which of the following is true regarding Specific Language Impairment?

children with SLI are perceived more negatively by their teachers and peers morphological inflections are especially difficult for children with SLI

All of the following are post-natal causal factors for Intellectual Disability except:

chromosome deletion

athetoid

disorganized and uncoordinated volitional movement with slow involuntary writhing

Which of the following describes arena assessment?

each specialist assesses the child individually in a one-on-one setting

Standard error of measure

is important because there is a certain amount of error in each test score is used to establish a band of confidence that helps show where the actual score would likely reside

Generalization is..

is the carryover of newly acquired skills to the broader environment is enhanced when intervention occurs in naturalistic contexts an essential part of learning

Evidence Based Practice:

is used to determine the most efficacious treatment requires accessing available scientific evidence

Pragmatics is often difficult to assess because of which of the following:

it is a context-dependent behavior formal language assessments have a rigid language structure

Which of the following are presymbolic behaviors?

joint attention gestures and vocalizations

Match the interview question to the area of language that it is assessing:

language use (language functions): does the child describe things in the environment? conversational skills: When the child responds to you, does the child's response relate to what you just said? language content: Does the child use words for time, such as tomorrow, yesterday, or this morning?

Which of the following are important considerations regarding the use of standardized assessments?

relationship between the norming population of the test and the client number of minority children included in the norming sample of the test separation of norms for different minority groups

Complications from pre-term birth or low birth weight may include:

respiratory and circulatory difficulties immunological and digestive difficulties inability to suck and swallow for feeding

Syntax production is typically tested using which of the following techniques?

structured elicitation of a sentence form to describe a picture following a model provided by the examiner sentence imitation of sentences that may exceed the child's working memory and be reproduced according to the child's own linguistic rule system judgement of grammatical acceptability where the child is expected to provide the correct form to fix a grammatically unacceptable sentence

Which of the following is representative of the SLP's role of coaching in Early Communication Intervention?

teach parents/caregivers to embed communication strategies into their daily routines with their child

Which of the following is not true about Intellectual Disability (ID)?

the majority of individuals with ID would be classified as severe to profoundly delayed

In the provision of services in Early Communication Intervention (ECI), the hybrid model is considered to be:

the most efficacious means of providing ECI services when the SLP works with child and also instructs the caregivers on methods for training target behaviors

All of the following are context variables except:

training targets (content)

Children tend to perform significantly better:

with familiar examiners when the examiner is familiar with the child's culture

Match the terms regarding assessment for children with culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds with their definition

ACCULTURATION: changes and modifications in behaviors as a result of contact with another culture EXTRINSIC BIAS: sociocultural values and attitude toward the concept of testing INTRINSIC BIAS: knowledge needed for success on the test and the normative sample of the test

Purpose, content, discourse type, participants, setting, activity, and mode are all part of which concept?

Communication context

Match the assessment terms with their characteristics:

Formal assessment for birth to 3;0: is typically conducted with standardized parent/caregiver vocabulary checklists Formal assessment for 3;0-5;0: often includes standardized measures in which a child is instructed to respond to specific stimulus items Screening: is a process for determining whether a child is likely to show deficits in communication and/or feeding and swallowing development

The difference between the Formalist and the Functionalist view of language is:

Functionalists view pragmatics as the overall organizing aspect of language Formalists view pragmatics as one of five equal and interrelated aspects of language

Match the language sampling term to its definition:

Productivity: the amount of language understood by the listener, and the amount of agreement between what the child intended to say and what was interpreted by the examiner Intelligiblity: the amount of language understood by the listener, and the amount of agreement between what the child intended to say and what was interpreted by the examiner Representativenes:the typicality of the language sample, and how closely the sample reflects everyday situations for the child

Which term describes the following: Central Nervous System (CNS) difficulties with balancing excitation and inhibition Mismatch between external demands and a person's internal characteristics Fluctuation between extremes or over-responsiveness and withdrawal

Sensory Modulation Dysfunction

Match the interview question to the type of information that it is designed to elicit:

Who does the child play with? DEMOGRAPHIC What language is spoken in the home? LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION Where were the parents/caregivers born? FAMILY AND CHILD-REARING

Which of the following is true regarding dialects?

all speakers have a dialect dialects affect grammatical rules, pronunciation, and word usage

Which of the following is true regarding an IFSP:

an IFSP is designed to address both the needs of the child and family an IFSP is a legal document that addresses the child and family's current status, and the duration of recommended services and their outcomes

Children who are identified as, or self-identify as, African-American:

are typically a heterogeneous group have not historically been represented in normative samples

Which of the following represents a categorical understanding task?

asking the child to provide a synonym, or an antonym for a given word asking the child to name words related to a specific category asking the child to identify the category title for a group of related words

Clinical skills grow from the current available data means that..

clinicians access scientific evidence in the form of peer reviewed journals to improve treatment efficacy

Comprehension monitoring is vital to language learning for the following reasons

comprehension monitoring combines linguistic and cognitive processing comprehension monitoring allows us to detect when a problem has occurred in communication for children, the ability to judge and repair a communication breakdown strengthens emerging metacognitive and metalinguistic skills

The categorization of information for storage and later retrieval is:

enhanced when associations are formed the process of organization

All of the following describe the Functional Approach except:

focuses on repetition of discrete, structured entities

spastic

increased muscle tone in opposing muscle groups with rigidity, and jerky, labored movements

Transfer, or generalization, the ability to apply learned concepts to a new environment is especially problematic for:

individuals with Intellectual Disability individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

For children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, language sampling:

is an alternative to standardized testing that is not guaranteed to be non biased

Dynamic assessment:

is based on the educational theory of Zone of Proximal Development examines the difference between a child's current performance on a task and the amount of guided assistance the child needs to be successful deemphasizes grammar and focuses on the ability to communicate and learn

Modifications to standardized tests

may be useful to construct an in-depth informal assessment tool for a specific language form should never be done will not yield valid test normative scores

Which of the following is not true about Language Impairments?

most of the time language impairments remediate naturally (they are outgrown)

Which of the following are potential risk factors for children who are adopted internationally?

poor nutrition and healthcare during the mother's pregnancy early months spent in an institutional orphanage presence of conditions or diseases

Which of the following is not true regarding Language Impairments (LI)?

there are clear causal links to the majority of Language Impairments

Ataxic

uncoordinated movement and poor balance

In second language learning, interference is

when a child fails to reach proficiency in either L1 (first language) or L2 (second language) the influence of one language on the learning of another language