Larsen Ch 3
DNA:
Directs cellular function
Mitochondrial DNA is contained within the cell's nucleus.
False
Nucleotide bases in nuclear DNA include all of the following EXCEPT:
uracil
In DNA, the base A pairs with the base
T
There are two alleles for the PTC-tasting locus in humans: T, which codes for tasting, and t, which codes for non-tasting. T is dominant and t is recessive. Imagine two parents that are tasters have a child that is a non-taster. Given this information, you know that the genotypes of the parents had to have been
Tt and Tt.
One chemical difference between DNA and RNA is that RNA has the base ___ instead of the base T.
U
Imagine a species where there is a locus with two alleles, A and B. Further imagine that A is dominant and B is recessive. How many different phenotypes are possible in this species?
2
Each amino acid is coded for by _______ chemical bases.
3
Imagine a species where there is a locus with two alleles, A and B. Further imagine that A and B are codominant. How many different phenotypes are possible in this species?
3
Transfer RNA:
All of the above
DNA sequences are found in long chains known as
Chromosomes
Alleles are _________ if both of their effects are shown in the phenotype.
Codominant
Mendel's experiments with pea plants showed that crossing plants with yellow seeds with plants with green seeds produced only offspring with yellow seeds. This finding illustrates the principle of:
Dominance
A human karyotype contains 23 autosomal chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes.
False
DNA replication takes place only during the production of new gametes.
False
Hemoglobin is an amino acid.
False
Most human nuclear DNA is coded to produce proteins.
False
The total DNA sequence of an organism is known as its
Genome
The genetic makeup of an individual is known as the
Genotype
In his work on pea plants, Mendel found that plant height was inherited independently of the type or color of the seed coat. This finding:
Independent Assortment
In his experiments with garden peas, Mendel found that one physical unit is inherited from the father and one from the mother. This provided evidence for:
Mendel's law of segregation.
____________ is the production of body cells, whereas _________ is the production of sex cells.
Mitosis / meiosis
DNA regulates the process of protein synthesis with the help of
RNA
Given that humans and apes share over 98 percent of their genetic material, it seems likely that their anatomical differences involve differences in __________ genes.
Regulatory Genes
The ABO blood group has three alleles (A, B, O) where A and B are codominant and O is recessive. How can a woman with type O blood have a child with type A blood?
The father has to have genotype AA, genotype AO, or genotype AB.
The MN blood group has two codominant alleles. How can a woman with type M blood have a child with type N blood?
The woman could never have a child with type N blood.
The ABO blood group has three alleles (A, B, O) where A and B are codominant and O is recessive. How can a woman with type A blood and a man with type B blood have a child with type O blood?
The woman must have genotype AO and the man must have genotype BO
Hox genes:
appear to function in similar ways across diverse groups of organisms.
Somatic cells are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
each contains half a copy of an organism's DNA.
The expression of polygenic traits:
is determined solely by genes at two or more loci.
Sometimes alleles for different genes are inherited together, which is due to
linkage
Chromosome number is reduced during:
meiosis.
Traits that are due, in part, to multiple loci are known as _________ traits.
polygenic
Homeotic (Hox) genes are:
responsible for the development and location of key body parts.
Each parent contributes one allele at each locus to his or her offspring. This is known as Mendel's Law of
segregation
Somatic cells include all of the following EXCEPT:
sex cells.
A doctor finds that the mammary glands of a woman are not functioning due to a genetic abnormality that influences the structural design of the thoracic cavity. This is likely:
the result of a mutation on a Hox gene.
The ABO blood group has three alleles (A, B, O). If a woman with genotype AO mates with a man with genotype BB, the expected proportion of heterozygotes among their offspring is
100 %
The alternative forms of a gene found at a given locus are known as....
Alleles
___________ first demonstrated the principles of genetic inheritance.
Gregor Mendel
